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Zhao Y, Zhou J, Lan Y, Li P, Du F, Lei F, Li H, Huang Q. Progressive Relaxation Behavior and Relaxation Dynamics of sPS Gels upon Controlled Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E526. [PMID: 30966560 PMCID: PMC6415395 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive relaxation behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) chains in sPS gel was detected in the course of melting via the application of intrinsic fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy techniques. The melting process included a dissociative process of the network at lower temperature and a relaxation process from helix to worm-like chains at higher temperature. The dynamics of structural relaxation behavior was discovered by intrinsic fluorescence technique, and an abrupt bend emerged at 58 °C on the Arrhenius plot. At temperatures lower than 58 °C, only the dissociation of the helical structure existed and the rate of relaxation from helix to worm-like conformation was negligible. At temperatures higher than 58 °C, the transition from helical chain to worm-like chain was the rate-determining step. The intrinsic fluorescence technique demonstrated its practicability in detecting kinetic processes of sPS/chloroform gel in the course of melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Juying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Yanjiao Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Fangkai Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Fuhou Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Qin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
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Nascent morphology of syndiotactic polystyrene synthesized over silica-supported metallocene catalyst. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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OKABE M, IIDA M, ATSUMI K, WADA R, SHIMIZU H. Crystalline Junction Size and Young's Modulus of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Physical Gel. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.65.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim BS, Baek ST, Song KW, Park IH, Lee JO, Nemoto N. Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) in Propylene Carbonate. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Kim
- a Division of Chemical Engineering , Pusan National University , 30 Changjun‐dong, Kumjung‐gu , Pusan , 609‐735 , Korea
| | - S. T. Baek
- a Division of Chemical Engineering , Pusan National University , 30 Changjun‐dong, Kumjung‐gu , Pusan , 609‐735 , Korea
| | - K. W. Song
- a Division of Chemical Engineering , Pusan National University , 30 Changjun‐dong, Kumjung‐gu , Pusan , 609‐735 , Korea
| | - I. H. Park
- b Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Kum Oh National University of Technology , Kumi , Korea
| | - J. O. Lee
- a Division of Chemical Engineering , Pusan National University , 30 Changjun‐dong, Kumjung‐gu , Pusan , 609‐735 , Korea
| | - N. Nemoto
- c Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES , Kyushu University , Hakozaki , Fukuoka , Japan
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van Gestel J, Berghmans H. Clathrate Formation between Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Aromatic Compounds from Solution in Decalin. Polym Bull (Berl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-006-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Maiti P, Radhakrishnan G, Aruna P, Ghosh G. Novel Polyurethane Gels: The Effect of Structure on Gelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200650908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Influence of alkyl chain length on the gelation mechanism of thermoreversible gels of regioregular poly(3-alkyl thiophenes) in xylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shimizu H, Wakayama T, Wada R, Okabe M, Tanaka F. Solvent Effect on Junction Size in Syndiotactic Polystyrene Physical Gel. Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.37.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Daniel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Istituto di Ricerca e Tecnologia delle Materie Plastiche del CNR, Via Toiano, 6, 80072 Arco Felice (NA), Italy
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Malik S, Jana T, Nandi AK. Thermoreversible Gelation of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Xylene. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000977o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Malik
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-32, India
| | - Tushar Jana
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-32, India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-32, India
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Mal S, Nandi AK. Gelation mechanism of thermoreversible poly(vinylidene fluoride) gels in glyceryl tributyrate1Partly presented at Europhysics conference on polymer–solvent complexes and intercalates, Meyrueis (France), July 1–5, 1996.1. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dikshit AK, Nandi AK. Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(vinylidene flouride) in Diethyl Adipate: A Concerted Mechanism. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980764n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asok K. Dikshit
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta 700 032, India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta 700 032, India
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Tsutsui K, Tsujita Y, Yoshimizu H, Kinoshita T. The presence of nanopores in mesophase of syndiotactic polystyrene estimated from gas sorption behaviour. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guerra G, Manfredi C, Musto P, Tavone S. Guest Conformation and Diffusion into Amorphous and Emptied Clathrate Phases of Syndiotactic Polystyrene. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9710702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roels T, Rastogi S, De Rudder J, Berghmans H. Temperature Induced Structural Changes in Syndiotactic Polystyrene/cis-Decalin Systems. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9707953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Roels
- Laboratory for Polymer Research, Catholic University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Center for Polymers and Composites/The Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S. Rastogi
- Laboratory for Polymer Research, Catholic University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Center for Polymers and Composites/The Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. De Rudder
- Laboratory for Polymer Research, Catholic University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Center for Polymers and Composites/The Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. Berghmans
- Laboratory for Polymer Research, Catholic University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Center for Polymers and Composites/The Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The supramolecular structure formation in solutions of syndiotactic polystyrene is discussed from the viewpoint of the temperature-concentration behaviour of this system. The phase diagrams that result from these investigations localize the different temperature-concentration domains in which the
β
-phase (planar zigzag chain conformation) and the
δ
-phase (helix chain conformation) are formed. The study of these diagrams informs also on the relationship between the different phases and the nature of the supramolecular structure that is formed. The shape of the diagrams is characteristic of the formation of an incongruent melting compound (
δ
-phase) between the polymer and the solvent. The formation of this compound at not to high polymer concentrations leads to the formation of thermoreversible gels. The solvent quality has a different influence on the stability of the
β
- and the (
δ
-phase. An increase of the solvent quality lowers the melting point of the
β
-phase, but increases the stability of the (
δ
-phase. The diagrams are interpreted on the basis of schematized equilibrium diagrams.
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van de Witte P, Dijkstra P, van den Berg J, Feijen J. Phase separation processes in polymer solutions in relation to membrane formation. J Memb Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Daniel C, Deluca M, Guenet JM, Brûlet A, Menelle A. Thermoreversible gelation of syndiotactic polystyrene in benzene. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)80854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Daniel C, Dammer C, Guenet JM. On the definition of thermoreversible gels: the case of syndiotactic polystyrene. POLYMER 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Different solvent stability of the crystalline polymorphic forms of syndiotactic polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00720132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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