1
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Apostolopoulos V, Bojarska J, Chai TT, Elnagdy S, Kaczmarek K, Matsoukas J, New R, Parang K, Lopez OP, Parhiz H, Perera CO, Pickholz M, Remko M, Saviano M, Skwarczynski M, Tang Y, Wolf WM, Yoshiya T, Zabrocki J, Zielenkiewicz P, AlKhazindar M, Barriga V, Kelaidonis K, Sarasia EM, Toth I. A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:E430. [PMID: 33467522 PMCID: PMC7830668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide "drugs" initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - John Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
- NewDrug, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger New
- Vaxcine (UK) Ltd., c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London NW1 0NH, UK;
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Octavio Paredes Lopez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6073, USA;
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Monica Pickholz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA, UBA-CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Milan Remko
- Remedika, Luzna 9, 85104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Yefeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharma Ceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Vanessa Barriga
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | | | | | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Romero E, Moussodia RO, Jamart-Grégoire B, Acherar S. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 1:1 [α/α- N
α
-Bn-Hydrazino] and 1:1 [α- N
α
-Bn-Hydrazino/α] Trimers: Determination of the Δ δ
Value for the γ-Turn Structuration. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Romero
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR CNRS-UL 7375; ENSIC; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville BP451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Ralph-Olivier Moussodia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR CNRS-UL 7375; ENSIC; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville BP451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR CNRS-UL 7375; ENSIC; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville BP451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR CNRS-UL 7375; ENSIC; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville BP451 54001 Nancy France
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3
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Moussodia RO, Romero E, Wenger E, Jamart-Grégoire B, Acherar S. Self-Organization Ability of Chiral N α-Substituted, N β-Boc Protected α-Hydrazinoacetamides in the Crystal and Solution States. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9937-9945. [PMID: 28847151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of peptides have severely hampered their use in pharmacology, thus prompting the design of new peptidomimetic foldamers. This requires precise knowledge of the secondary structure of new compounds and the ability to predict their folding. Conformational studies of the basic units of these foldamers can be of invaluable assistance in designing new bioactive compounds. To this end, we investigated the conformation of three chiral Nα-substituted, Nβ-Boc protected α-hydrazinoacetamide model compounds containing various side chains both on the Nα- and Cα-atoms in both the crystal and solution states. On the basis of IR absorption spectroscopy, NMR, molecular dynamics calculations and X-ray diffraction experiments, we demonstrated that these three models adopt conformational preferences, relying on eight-, six- or five-membered H-bonded pseudocycles (C8, C6 or C5), depending on the steric bulk of both Nα- or Cα-side chains. This study sheds light onto the versatile folding ability of the specific class of α-Nα-hydrazinopeptides and emphasizes the key role of the Cα-side chain on the conformational preference of the folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Olivier Moussodia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS , UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Eugénie Romero
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS , UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2), Université de Lorraine-CNRS , UMR 7036, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS , UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS , UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
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4
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Romero E, Moussodia RO, Kriznik A, Wenger E, Acherar S, Jamart-Grégoire B. Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Fully Protected Ester 1:1 [α/α-N α-Bn-hydrazino] Pseudodipeptides into a Twisted Parallel β-Sheet in the Crystal State. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9037-9045. [PMID: 27627436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that amidic α/β-pseudodipeptides, 1:1 [α/α-Nα-Bn-hydrazino], have the ability to fold via a succession of γ-turn (C7 pseudocycle) and hydrazinoturn in CDCl3 solution, their amide terminals enabling the formation of an intramolecular H-bond network. Despite their lack of a primary amide terminals allowing the formation of the hydrazinoturn, their ester counterparts 1-4 were proven to self-assemble into C6 and C7 pseudocycles by intramolecular H-bonds in solution state and into an uncommon twisted parallel β-sheet through intermolecular H-bonding in the crystal state to form a supramolecular helix, with eight molecules needed to complete a full 360° rotation. Such self-organization (with eight molecules) has only been observed in a specific α/α-pseudodipeptide, depsipeptide (Boc-Leu-Lac-OEt). Relying on IR absorption, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and CD analyses, the aim of this study was to demonstrate that stereoisomers of ester 1:1 [α/α-Nα-Bn-hydrazino] pseudodipeptides 1-4 are able to self-assemble into this β-helical structure. The absolute configuration of the asymmetric Cα-atom of the α-amino acid residue influences the left- or right-handed twist without changing the pitch of the formed helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Romero
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375 , 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Ralph-Olivier Moussodia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375 , 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Kriznik
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7365 and Service Commun de Biophysique Interactions Moléculaires (SCBIM), Université de Lorraine, FR3209, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie Santé - Faculté de Médecine , 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- Laboratoire de Crystallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7036, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375 , 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375 , 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
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5
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Crisma M, Toniolo C. Helical screw-sense preferences of peptides based on chiral, Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids. Biopolymers 2016; 104:46-64. [PMID: 25363510 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The preferred helical screw senses of chiral α-amino acids with a C(α)-tetrasubstituted α-carbon atom, as determined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction analyses on derivatives and peptides, are reviewed. This survey covers C(α)-methylated and C(α)-ethylated α-amino acids, as well as α-amino acids cyclized on the α-carbon, including those characterized by the combination of lack of chirality at the α-carbon with either side-chain or axial chirality. Although, in general, chiral C(α)-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids show a less pronounced bias toward a single helical screw sense than their proteinogenic (C(α)-trisubstituted) counterparts, our analysis highlights significant differences in terms of magnitude and direction of such a bias among the various sub-families of residues, and between individual amino acids within each sub-family as well. The experimental findings can be rationalized, at least in part, on the basis of steric considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131, Padova, Italy
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6
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Moussodia RO, Acherar S, Romero E, Didierjean C, Jamart-Grégoire B. Evidence of Nanotubular Self-Organization in Solution and Solid States of Heterochiral Cyclo 1:1 [α/α-Nα-Bn-hydrazino]mers Series. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3022-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Olivier Moussodia
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Eugénie Romero
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Claude Didierjean
- Laboratoire de Crystallographie, Résonance Magnétique
et Modélisations (CRM2), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7036, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 20239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine-CNRS, UMR 7375, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
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7
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Humbert-Voss E, Arrault A, Jamart-Grégoire B. Synthesis and conformational behavior of pseudopeptides containing δ-azaproline. A cis conformational preference for Xaa1–δ-azaPro bond. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Jacob CR. Theoretical Study of the Raman Optical Activity Spectra of 310-Helical Polypeptides. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3291-306. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Moretto A, Formaggio F, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Wu L, Keiderling TA, Toniolo C. First homo-peptides undergoing a reversible 310-helix/α-helix transition: Critical main-chain length. Biopolymers 2008; 90:567-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Moretto A, Crisma M, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Toniolo C. N-methylation of N(alpha)-acylated, fully C(alpha)-methylated, linear, folded peptides: synthetic and conformational aspects. Biopolymers 2007; 84:553-65. [PMID: 16802303 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptides characterized by single or multiple N-methylated, C(alpha)-trisubstituted (e.g., protein) amino acids are of great interest in medicinal chemistry. Several naturally occurring peptides, remarkably stable to enzymatic attacks, are based on N-methylated residues. The classical conditions (CH(3)I/Ag(2)O in DMF, 24 h, room temperature) for N-methylation of the peptide function are useful tools for distinguishing solvent exposed from intramolecularly H-bonded -CO-NH- groups in peptides. In this work we have extended this reaction to N(alpha)-acylated, linear peptides based exclusively on helicogenic C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids, e.g., Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) or (alphaMe)Nva (C(alpha)-methyl norvaline) residues. Under the experimental conditions used, only amide monomethylation (on the N-terminal, acylated, residue) takes place. Methylation of internal peptide groups linking two C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted residues was not observed. Our FT-IR absorption, NMR, and X-ray diffraction investigations support the view that the beta-turn and 3(10)-helical conformations preferred by the original peptides are not dramatically perturbed in the derivatives monomethylated at position 1. In particular, the tertiary amide bonds are trans. Conversely, the packing modes in the crystals are strongly influenced by the reduction of the number of H-bonding donors. The MeXxx-Xxx peptide bond is readily disrupted under mild acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Moretto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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11
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Cativiela C, Díaz-de-Villegas MD. Recent progress on the stereoselective synthesis of acyclic quaternary α-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Crisma M, Moretto A, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Toniolo C. Turn stabilization in short peptides by C?-methylated ?-amino acids. Biopolymers 2005; 80:279-93. [PMID: 15612047 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The crystal-state conformations of three protected tripeptides, four tetrapeptides, and one pentapeptide, heavily based on the chiral C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids Iva, (alpha Me)Nva, and (Me)Val, were assessed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The eight peptide sequences are as follows: Z-(D-Iva)2-D-Val-OMe, Z-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-L-Pro-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-L-Pro-L-Iva-D-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-Aib-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]2-OtBu, Ac-[L-(alpha Me)Val]3-D-(alpha Me)Val-OtBu, Z-[L-(alpha Me)Val]4-OH, and Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu. Two independent molecules were observed in the asymmetric units of Z-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu and Z-Aib-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]2-OtBu, while three independent molecules were seen in Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu. All peptides are folded in a single or multiple beta-turn conformations. Interestingly: (i) a water bridge within the N-terminal beta-turn is seen in Z-L-Pro-L-Iva-D-Iva-Gly-OtBu (dihydrate), and (ii) the hydroxyl group of the C-terminal carboxyl functionality of Z-[L-(alpha Me)Val]4-OH generates an oxy-analogue of a beta-turn. The N-terminal beta-turn is missing in molecules A and B, but it does occur, although poorly stabilized, in molecule C, of Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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13
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Crisma M, Moretto A, Formaggio F, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Toniolo C. Meteoritic Cα-Methylated α-Amino Acids and the Homochirality of Life: Searching for a Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Crisma M, Moretto A, Formaggio F, Kaptein B, Broxterman QB, Toniolo C. Meteoritic C?-Methylated ?-Amino Acids and the Homochirality of Life: Searching for a Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:6695-9. [PMID: 15593146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR and Department of Chemistry, University of Padova via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Tognon S, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Huang R, Setnicka V, Keiderling TA, McColl IH, Hecht L, Barron LD. The complete chirospectroscopic signature of the peptide 310-helix in aqueous solution. Biopolymers 2004; 75:32-45. [PMID: 15307196 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized by solution methods a water-soluble, terminally blocked heptapeptide based on five markedly helicogenic, C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids C(alpha)-methyl-L-norvalines and two strongly hydrophilic 2-amino-3-[1-(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)]-L-propanoic acid residues at positions 2 and 5. A Fourier transform infrared absorption and NMR analysis in deuterated chloroform and aqueous solutions of the heptapeptide and two side-chain protected synthetic precursors confirmed our working hypothesis that all oligomers are folded in the 3(10)-helical conformation. Based on these findings, we exploited this heptapeptide as a chiral reference compound for detailed electronic CD, vibrational CD, and Raman optical activity characterizations of the 3(10)-helix in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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