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Kureha T, Hiroshige S, Suzuki D, Sawada J, Aoki D, Takata T, Shibayama M. Quantification for the Mixing of Polymers on Microspheres in Waterborne Latex Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4855-4862. [PMID: 32348148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the structural analysis and understanding of the toughness of latex films, in which soft elastomer microspheres are interpenetrated, a method to quantitatively analyze the mixing of polymer chains at the microsphere surface, i.e., delocalization of hydrophilic charged group on the polymer chains by aging, has not yet been established. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering was applied to characterize latex films by assuming a pseudo-two-phase system, which consists of an average-electron density microsphere core and a high-electron density interphase between the microsphere interfaces due to localized charged groups. The thus obtained parameter, i.e., the characteristic interfacial thickness (tinter), quantitatively reflects the degree of mixing of polymer chains on the microsphere surface. We found that tinter is strongly correlated to the fracture energy of the latex films. The proposed analysis method for the microscopic mixing of polymers on the microsphere surface in the film can thus be expected to shed light on design guidelines for industrial latex films and on the understanding of the mechanical properties of such films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kureha
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Suzuki
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
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2
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Liu Y, de Oliveira Silva PP, Tran K, Zhou H, Emsermann J, Zhang M, Ho K, Lu Y, Soleimani M, Winnik MA. Molecular Aspects of Film Formation of Partially Cross-Linked Water-Borne Secondary Dispersions that Show Skin Formation upon Drying. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jessica Emsermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Margaret Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kevin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Soleimani
- Advanced Materials and Systems Research, BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Richardson P, Martín-Fabiani I, Shaw P, Alsaffar E, Velasquez E, Ross-Gardner P, Shaw PL, Adams JM, Keddie JL. Competition between Crystallization and Coalescence during the Film Formation of Poly(Chloroprene) Latex and Effects on Mechanical Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Richardson
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Martín-Fabiani
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Shaw
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Eman Alsaffar
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2BH, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Velasquez
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2BH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ross-Gardner
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2BH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter L. Shaw
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2BH, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Adams
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph L. Keddie
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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4
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Uğur Ş, Akaoğlu C, Küçükkahveci E. A study on film formation and fluorescence enhancement of PS latex/AgNPs composites depending on AgNPs content and annealing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Yu F. Preparation of epoxy-acrylic latex based on bisphenol F epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1410065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Jointas Chemical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Guangzhou Jointas Chemical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou, China
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6
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Gong W, Li M, Zang Y, Xie H, Liu B, Chen H. An amphoteric poly(VAc-DBM-AM-DMAPS) emulsion focusing on the ecological sand-fixing in salty desert: Structure and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Meilan Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yunxiao Zang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hao Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
| | - Hualin Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 People's Republic of China Chengdu China
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Rahdar SS, Ahmadi E, Abdollahi M, Hemmati M. A comprehensive study on kinetics of free-radical solution copolymerization of vinyl acetate and dibutyl maleate in chloroform. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Influence of a hydrogen-bonding co-monomer on polymer diffusion in poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) latex films. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Soleimani M, Haley JC, Lau W, Winnik MA. Effect of Hydroplasticization on Polymer Diffusion in Poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) and Poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate) Latex Films. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Soleimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Jeffrey C. Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Willie Lau
- Dow Advanced Materials, The Dow Chemical Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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10
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Thomson CI, Lowe RM, Ragauskas AJ. Imaging cellulose fibre interfaces with fluorescence microscopy and resonance energy transfer. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Schantz S, Carlsson HT, Andersson T, Erkselius S, Larsson A, Karlsson OJ. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) latex particles with poly(ethylene glycol) grafts: structure and film formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3590-602. [PMID: 17335252 DOI: 10.1021/la062802z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-based copolymer dispersions were prepared using methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) (MMA/EA = 1:2), and a series of nonionic polymerizable surfactants, i.e., "surfmers" based on poly(ethylene glycol)-(meth)acrylates. The latexes were compared with the behavior of a conventionally stabilized (nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate, NP100 with 84 ethylene oxide units) dispersion with the same MMA-EA composition (PMMAEA). A number of techniques were employed in order to characterize structure, dynamics, and film formation properties: solution/solid-state NMR, dynamic/static light scattering (DLS/SLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile/shear mode dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surfmers were found to be miscible with the MMA-EA copolymer at room temperature, with 46-85 mol % of the reacted surfmer detected at the particle surfaces, and the remaining part buried in the particle bulk. In contrast, the NP100 surfactant formed a separate interphase between the copolymer particles with no mixing detected at room temperature or at 90 degrees C. For a 4.0% dry weight concentration, NP100 phase separated and further crystallized at room temperature over a period of several months. Composition fluctuations related to a limited blockiness on a length scale above approximately 2 nm were detected for PMMAEA particles, whereas the surfmer particles were found to be homogeneous also below this limit. On a particle-particle level, the dispersions tended to form colloidal crystals unless hindered by a broadened particle size distribution or, in the case of PMMAEA, by the action of NP100. Finally, a surface roughness (Rq) master plot was constructed for data above the glass transition temperature (Tg) from Tg + 11 degrees C to Tg + 57 degrees C and compared with the complex shear modulus over 11 frequency decades. Shift factors from the 2 methods obeyed the same Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) temperature dependence, thus connecting the long-time surface flattening process to the rheological behavior of the copolymer.
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Farinha JPS, Wu J, Winnik MA, Farwaha R, Rademacher J. Polymer Diffusion in Gel-Containing Poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) Latex Films. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050167i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. S. Farinha
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049−001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 Canada, Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, and Research Center, ICI Paints, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Jun Wu
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049−001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 Canada, Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, and Research Center, ICI Paints, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049−001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 Canada, Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, and Research Center, ICI Paints, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Rajeev Farwaha
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049−001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 Canada, Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, and Research Center, ICI Paints, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Jude Rademacher
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049−001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 Canada, Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, and Research Center, ICI Paints, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
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13
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Wu J, Tomba JP, Oh JK, Winnik MA, Farwaha R, Rademacher J. Synthesis of dye-labeled poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) (EVA) latex and polymer diffusion in their latex films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Oh JK, Yang J, Rademacher J, Farwaha R, Winnik MA. Phase Separation and Polymer Diffusion in Poly(vinyl acetate−butyl acrylate) Latex Films Prepared by Batch Miniemulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049449t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Jude Rademacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Rajeev Farwaha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
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15
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Wu J, Tomba JP, Winnik MA, Farwaha R, Rademacher J. Effect of Gel Content on Polymer Diffusion in Poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) Latex Films. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma040018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807; and ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - J. Pablo Tomba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807; and ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807; and ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Rajeev Farwaha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807; and ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
| | - Jude Rademacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Vinamul Polymers, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807; and ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136
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