1
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Smith JD, Chen R, Osores NN, Gopalan P. Porous Morphology of High Grafting Density Mixed Polyelectrolyte Brushes Grown from a Y-Inimer Coating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10623-10633. [PMID: 38726951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mixed A/B polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes of opposite charges are grown from a Y-shaped initiator-bearing coating to facilitate intimate mixing of the A and B polyelectrolytes in a 1:1 grafting ratio. The design of the Y-shaped inimer includes both ATRP and NMP initiators attached to a common Y-junction. A copolymer of a Y-shaped inimer with glycidyl methacrylate is cross-linked to the substrate resulting in a stable ultrathin coating decorated with Y-shaped initiators. Weak PE A/B mixed brushes based on poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PMAA/P2VP) with a high grafting density of ∼1 chain/nm2 are grown by surface-initiated ATRP and NMP, respectively. Detailed morphological characterization of the PMAA/P2VP brushes in response to pH changes reveals a nanoporous morphology under conditions that maximize complex coacervate formation between oppositely charged brushes. The charge ratio between the A and B brushes is varied via the composition of the brushes to further study the morphology evolution. The effect of intimate contact between the A and B brushes on the morphology is probed by comparing with a mixed A/B PE system with random fluctuations in grafting composition. A quantitative and qualitative study of the pore evolution with pH as well as charge composition is presented using a combination of atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurement, and image analysis using Gwyddion software. These studies demonstrate that the porous morphology is enhanced and most uniform when the brushes are grown from the Y-inimer, indicating that a 1:1 grafting ratio and intimate contact between A and B brushes are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ri Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicolas Noriega Osores
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Tsuei M, Tran H, Roh S, Ober CK, Abbott NL. Using Liquid Crystals to Probe the Organization of Helical Polypeptide Brushes Induced by Solvent Pretreatment. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tsuei
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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3
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Horst RJ, Brió Pérez M, Cohen R, Cirelli M, Dueñas Robles PS, Elshof MG, Andreski A, Hempenius MA, Benes NE, Damen C, de Beer S. Swelling of Poly(methyl acrylate) Brushes in Acetone Vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12053-12060. [PMID: 32997502 PMCID: PMC7558288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensor platforms can benefit from the incorporation of polymer brushes since brushes can concentrate the analyte near the sensor surface. Brushes that absorb acetone vapor are of particular interest since acetone is an important marker for biological processes. We present a simple procedure to synthesize acetone-responsive poly(methyl acrylate) brushes. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we show that these brushes respond within seconds and swell by more than 30% when exposed to acetone vapor. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance measurements demonstrate that the brushes can be exploited to increase the acetone detection sensitivity of sensors by more than a factor 6. Surprisingly, we find that the swelling ratio of the brushes in acetone vapor is independent of the grafting density and the degree of polymerization of the polymers in the brush. This is qualitatively different from swelling of the same brushes in liquid environments, where the swelling ratio decreases for increasing grafting densities. Yet, it indicates that the brushes are robust and reproducible candidates for implementation in vapor sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens J. Horst
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Brió Pérez
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, Saxion University of Applied
Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paloma S. Dueñas Robles
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G. Elshof
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Andreski
- Department
of Nanotechnology, Saxion University of
Applied Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E. Benes
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cas Damen
- Department
of Nanotechnology, Saxion University of
Applied Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Fujinami S, Nakajima K. Cone-Paraboloid Transition of the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts-Type Hyperboloidal Contact. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11284-11291. [PMID: 32864974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation technique has been widely used to investigate the mechanical properties of compliant specimens. When a sharp probe is indented into a soft and adhesive specimen, not only the rounded end of the probe but also the pyramidal base may be in contact. However, even in such a case, a contact model that assumes a paraboloidal tip geometry (the Hertz model or one of its expansions) is mainly employed to derive the mechanical properties; the error on the mechanical properties induced by the inaccurate tip geometry assumption has not been systematically clarified. Therefore, the focus of this work was put on quantifying this error with the assumption that the actual contact occurs between a hyperboloidal indenter and an elastic and adhesive sample surface. We demonstrated that the cone-paraboloid transition of the indentation curve is governed by a single parameter, A̅ = [4RE/3πw(1 - ν2)]1/3cotα, where E and ν are Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the specimen, respectively, R and α are the curvature radius and half-angle of the indenter, respectively, and w is the work of adhesion. Employing the general two-point method, we quantified the errors on elasticity and surface energy caused by the assumption of the paraboloidal and conical Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) models as functions of A̅ and the normalized load. AFM force measurements with cantilevers of different radii supported this A̅ dependency. These results showed unsuitable geometry assumption can give a large error, which is generally more serious than those caused by inappropriate choice of the adhesive interaction from the JKR and DMT (Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov). It can be said that the conical model gives a good approximation to a hyperboloidal contact when A̅<1 and so does the paraboloidal model when A̅>4. A̅ is expected to be an important index that validates the paraboloidal and conical approximation in a soft and adhesive contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Fujinami
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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5
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Li M, Pester CW. Mixed Polymer Brushes for "Smart" Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1553. [PMID: 32668820 PMCID: PMC7408536 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive "smart" materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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6
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Hou W, Liu Y, Zhao H. Surface Nanostructures Based on Assemblies of Polymer Brushes. Chempluschem 2020; 85:998-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangmeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of Education College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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7
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Mandal J, Arcifa A, Spencer ND. Synthesis of acrylamide-based block-copolymer brushes under flow: monitoring real-time growth and surface restructuring upon drying. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Block-copolymer brushes of water-soluble acrylamides have been synthesised by SI-ATRP under continuous flow and their growth monitored in situ by means of a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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8
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Wei W, Kim TY, Balamurugan A, Sun J, Chen R, Ghosh A, Rodolakis F, McChesney JL, Lakkham A, Evans PG, Hur SM, Gopalan P. Phase Behavior of Mixed Polymer Brushes Grown from Ultrathin Coatings. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1086-1090. [PMID: 35619447 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental validation of the predicted melt phase behavior of A/B mixed brush on planar substrate is presented using poly(methyl methacrylate) (A)/ polystyrene (B) (PMMA/PS) with equal number of A/B chains as an example. Well-defined mixed A/B brushes are synthesized using a single component inimer coating to achieve high grafting density (0.9 chains/nm2), uniformity of grafting sites, and predictable chain length. The inimer coating is a copolymer of nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) inimer, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) inimer, styrene, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Cross-linking of the film provides the required stability to probe the melt morphology. Our studies show that even with equal grafting density of the A and B the morphology can be modulated by varying the length of B chains while keeping that of A fixed. We show the transition of self-assembled structures from disorder to cylinder to ripple phase at sub-30 nm length scale on a planar surface by thermal annealing of mixed brushes. These results are supported by a phase diagram established through Monte Carlo simulation using a coarse-grained particle-based model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tae-Yi Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - A Balamurugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ri Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Fanny Rodolakis
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jessica L McChesney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Arunee Lakkham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Korde JM, Kandasubramanian B. Fundamentals and Effects of Biomimicking Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineering Functions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Korde
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
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10
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Saveleva MS, Eftekhari K, Abalymov A, Douglas TEL, Volodkin D, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. Hierarchy of Hybrid Materials-The Place of Inorganics- in-Organics in it, Their Composition and Applications. Front Chem 2019; 7:179. [PMID: 31019908 PMCID: PMC6459030 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials, or hybrids incorporating both organic and inorganic constituents, are emerging as a very potent and promising class of materials due to the diverse, but complementary nature of the properties inherent of these different classes of materials. The complementarity leads to a perfect synergy of properties of desired material and eventually an end-product. The diversity of resultant properties and materials used in the construction of hybrids, leads to a very broad range of application areas generated by engaging very different research communities. We provide here a general classification of hybrid materials, wherein organics-in-inorganics (inorganic materials modified by organic moieties) are distinguished from inorganics-in-organics (organic materials or matrices modified by inorganic constituents). In the former area, the surface functionalization of colloids is distinguished as a stand-alone sub-area. The latter area-functionalization of organic materials by inorganic additives-is the focus of the current review. Inorganic constituents, often in the form of small particles or structures, are made of minerals, clays, semiconductors, metals, carbons, and ceramics. They are shown to be incorporated into organic matrices, which can be distinguished as two classes: chemical and biological. Chemical organic matrices include coatings, vehicles and capsules assembled into: hydrogels, layer-by-layer assembly, polymer brushes, block co-polymers and other assemblies. Biological organic matrices encompass bio-molecules (lipids, polysaccharides, proteins and enzymes, and nucleic acids) as well as higher level organisms: cells, bacteria, and microorganisms. In addition to providing details of the above classification and analysis of the composition of hybrids, we also highlight some antagonistic yin-&-yang properties of organic and inorganic materials, review applications and provide an outlook to emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S. Saveleva
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Karaneh Eftekhari
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anatolii Abalymov
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Engineering Department and Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Zhang S, Liu W, Dong Y, Wei T, Wu Z, Chen H. Design, Synthesis, and Application of a Difunctional Y-Shaped Surface-Tethered Photoinitiator. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3470-3478. [PMID: 30727730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mixed homopolymer brushes have unique interfacial properties that can be exploited for both fundamental studies and applications in technology. Herein, the synthesis of a new catechol-based biomimetic Y-shaped binary photoinitiator (Y-photoinitiator) and its applications for surface modification with polymer brushes through both "grafting to" and "grafting from" strategies are reported. The "leg" of the Y consists of a catechol group as surface anchoring moiety. The arms are photoinitiator moieties that can be "addressed" independent of each other by radiation of different wavelengths. Using ultraviolet and visible light successively, each arm of the Y-photoinitiator was activated, thereby allowing the synthesis of Y-shaped block copolymer brushes with dissimilar polymer chains. The suitability of the Y-photoinitiator for surface modification was first investigated using N-vinylpyrrolidone and styrene as the model monomers for successive UV-photoiniferter-mediated polymerization and visible-light-induced polymerization, respectively. Switching of the wetting properties of the Y-shaped block copolymer brush poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone)- block-poly(styrene) (PVP- b-PS)-grafted surfaces by contact with different solvents was also investigated. To further exploit this novel Y-photoinitiator for the preparation of functional interfaces, Y-shaped block copolymer brushes poly(1-(2-methacryloyloxyhexyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide)- block-poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone- co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PIL(Br)- b-P(NVP- co-GMA)) were also prepared and subsequently functionalized with the cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides by reaction with the glycidyl groups (PILPNG-RGD). The PILPNG-RGD grafted surfaces showed excellent cell-adhesive, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal properties. Thus, it can be concluded that further exploitation of this novel Y-photoinitiator for graft polymerization should allow the preparation of a wide range of functional interfaces with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Wenying Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yishi Dong
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Wei
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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12
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Giussi JM, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Practical use of polymer brushes in sustainable energy applications: interfacial nanoarchitectonics for high-efficiency devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:814-849. [PMID: 30543263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel approaches, materials and manufacturing processes in the field of energy are compelling increasing recognition as a major challenge for contemporary societies. The performance and lifetime of energy devices are critically dependent on nanoscale interfacial phenomena. From the viewpoint of materials design, the improvement of current technologies inevitably relies on gaining control over the complex interface between dissimilar materials. In this sense, interfacial nanoarchitectonics with polymer brushes has seen growing interest due to its potential to overcome many of the limitations of energy storage and conversion devices. Polymer brushes offer a broad variety of resources to manipulate interfacial properties and gain molecular control over the synergistic combination of materials. Many recent examples show that the rational integration of polymer brushes in hybrid nanoarchitectures greatly improves the performance of energy devices in terms of power density, lifetime and stability. Seen in this light, polymer brushes provide a new perspective from which to consider the development of hybrid materials and devices with improved functionalities. The aim of this review is therefore to focus on what polymer brush-based solutions can offer and to show how the practical use of surface-grafted polymer layers can improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, organic radical batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical cells and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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13
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Divandari M, Morgese G, Ramakrishna SN, Benetti EM. Surface-grafted assemblies of cyclic polymers: Shifting between high friction and extreme lubricity. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Morgese G, Gombert Y, Ramakrishna SN, Benetti EM. Mixing Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s Enhances Hydration and Viscoelasticity of Polymer Brushes and Determines Their Nanotribological and Antifouling Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41839-41848. [PMID: 30395432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOXAs) have progressively emerged as suitable alternatives for replacing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a variety of biomaterial-related applications, especially in the designing of polymer brush-based biointerfaces because of their stealth properties and chemical robustness. When equimolar mixtures of PEG and PAOXAs are assembled on surfaces to yield mixed polymer brushes, the interfacial physicochemical properties of the obtained films are significantly altered, in some cases, surpassing the biopassive and lubricious characteristics displayed by single-component PAOXA and PEG counterparts. With a combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and atomic force microscopy-based methods, we demonstrate that mixing of PEG brushes with equimolar amounts of PAOXA grafts determines an increment in film's hydration and viscoelasticity. In the case of mixtures of PEG and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) or poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), brushes displaying full inertness toward serum proteins and improved lubricity with respect to the corresponding single-component layers can be generated, while providing a multifunctional surface that substantially enlarges the applicability of the designed coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Morgese
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich CH 8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gombert
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich CH 8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich CH 8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich CH 8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
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15
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Koski JP, Frischknecht AL. Fluctuation Effects on the Brush Structure of Mixed Brush Nanoparticles in Solution. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1664-1672. [PMID: 29346734 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A potentially attractive way to control nanoparticle assembly is to graft one or more polymers on the nanoparticle, to control the nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions. When two immiscible polymers are grafted on the nanoparticle, they can microphase separate to form domains at the nanoparticle surface. Here, we computationally investigate the phase behavior of such binary mixed brush nanoparticles in solution, across a large and experimentally relevant parameter space. Specifically, we calculate the mean-field phase diagram, assuming uniform grafting of the two polymers, as a function of the nanoparticle size relative to the length of the grafted chains, the grafting density, the enthalpic repulsion between the grafted chains, and the solvent quality. We find a variety of phases including a Janus phase and phases with varying numbers of striped domains. Using a nonuniform, random distribution of grafting sites on the nanoparticle instead of the uniform distribution leads to the development of defects in the mixed brush structures. Introducing fluctuations as well leads to increasingly defective structures for the striped phases. However, we find that the simple Janus phase is preserved in all calculations, even with the introduction of nonuniform grafting and fluctuations. We conclude that the formation of the Janus phase is more realistic experimentally than is the formation of defect-free multivalent mixed brush nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Koski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amalie L Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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16
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Schweizerhof S, Demco DE, Mourran A, Keul H, Fechete R, Möller M. Thermodynamic Parameters of Temperature-Induced Phase Transition for Brushes onto Nanoparticles: Hydrophilic versus Hydrophobic End-Groups Functionalization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28833862 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of the stimuli-responsive phase transition in polymers is topical and important for the understanding and development of novel stimuli-responsive materials. The temperature-induced phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) with one thiol end group depends on the confinement-free polymer or polymer brush-on the molecular weight and on the nature of the second end. This paper describes the synthesis of heterotelechelic PNIPAm of different molecular weights with a thiol end group-that specifically binds to gold nanorods and a hydrophilic NIPAm end group by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Proton high-resolution magic angle sample spinning NMR spectra are used as an indicator of the polymer chain conformations. The characteristics of phase transition given by the transition temperature, entropy, and width of transition are obtained by a two-state model. The dependence of thermodynamic parameters on molecular weight is compared for hydrophilic and hydrophobic end functional-free polymers and brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjören Schweizerhof
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V., RWTH-Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan Eugen Demco
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V., RWTH-Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 25 G. Baritiu Str, RO-400027, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ahmed Mourran
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V., RWTH-Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V., RWTH-Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Radu Fechete
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 25 G. Baritiu Str, RO-400027, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V., RWTH-Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH-Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Cranford SW, Han L, Ortiz C, Buehler MJ. Mutable polyelectrolyte tube arrays: mesoscale modeling and lateral force microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5543-5557. [PMID: 28731083 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pH-dependent friction of layer-by-layer assemblies of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) are quantified for microtube array structures via experimental and simulated lateral force microscopy (LFM). A novel coarse-grain tube model is developed, utilizing a molecular dynamics (MD) framework with a Hertzian soft contact potential (such that F ∼ δ3/2) to allow the efficient dynamic simulation of 3D arrays consisting of hundreds of tubes at micrometer length scales. By quantitatively comparing experimental LFM and computational results, the coupling between geometry (tube spacing and swelling) and material properties (intrinsic stiffness) results in a transition from bending dominated deformation to bending combined with inter-tube contact, independent of material adhesion assumptions. Variation of tube spacing (and thus control of contact) can be used to exploit the normal and lateral resistance of the tube arrays as a function of pH (2.0/5.5), beyond the effect of areal tube density, with increased resistances (potential mutability) up to a factor of ∼60. This study provides a novel modeling platform to assess and design dynamic polyelectrolyte-based substrates/coatings with tailorable stimulus-responsive surface friction. Our results show that micro-geometry can be used alongside stimulus-responsive material changes to amplify and systematically tune mutability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Cranford
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Wang L, Zhong T, Quan X, Zhou J. Solvent-responsiveness of PS–PEO binary mixed polymer brushes: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1350662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianping Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Chen WL, Cordero R, Tran H, Ober CK. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roselynn Cordero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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20
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Nalam PC, Lee HS, Bhatt N, Carpick RW, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Nanomechanics of pH-Responsive, Drug-Loaded, Bilayered Polymer Grafts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12936-12948. [PMID: 28221026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer films play an important role in the development of smart antibacterial coatings. In this study, we consider complementary architectures of polyelectrolyte films, including a thin chitosan layer (CH), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes, and a bilayer structure of CH grafted to PAA brushes (CH/PAA) as possible candidates for targeted drug delivery platforms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the structure-mechanical property relationship for these mono- and bi-layered polymer grafts at pH 7.4 and 4.0, corresponding to physiological and biofilm formation conditions, respectively. Herein, the surface interactions between polymer grafts and the negatively charged silica colloid attached to an AFM lever are considered as representative interactions between the antibacterial coating and a bacteria/biofilm. The bilayered structure of CH/PAA showed significantly reduced adhesive interactions in comparison to pure CH but slightly higher interactions in comparison to PAA films. Among PAA and CH/PAA films, upon grafting CH over the PAA brushes, the normal stiffness increased by 10-fold at pH 7.4 and 20-fold at pH 4.0. Notably, the study also showed that the addition of an antibiotic drug such as multicationic Tobramycin (TOB) impacts the mechanical properties of the antibacterial coatings. Competition between TOB and water molecules for the PAA chains is shown to determine the structural properties of PAA and CH/PAA films loaded with TOB. At high pH (7.4), the TOB molecules, which remain multicationic, strongly interact with polyanionic PAA, thereby reducing the film's compressibility. On the contrary, at low pH (4.0), the water molecules preferentially interact with TOB in comparison to uncharged PAA chains and, upon TOB release, results in a stronger film collapse together with an increase in adhesive interactions between the probe, the surface, and the elastic modulus of the film. The bacterial proliferation on these platforms when compared to the measured mechanical properties shows a direct correlation; hence, understanding nanomechanical properties can provide insights into designing new antibacterial polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nupur Bhatt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-2703, United States
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21
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Psarra E, König U, Müller M, Bittrich E, Eichhorn KJ, Welzel PB, Stamm M, Uhlmann P. In Situ Monitoring of Linear RGD-Peptide Bioconjugation with Nanoscale Polymer Brushes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:946-958. [PMID: 31457480 PMCID: PMC6641180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired materials mimicking the native extracellular matrix environment are promising for biotechnological applications. Particularly, modular biosurface engineering based on the functionalization of stimuli-responsive polymer brushes with peptide sequences can be used for the development of smart surfaces with biomimetic cues. The key aspect of this study is the in situ monitoring and analytical verification of the biofunctionalization process on the basis of three complementary analytical techniques. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to quantify the amount of chemisorbed GRGDS at both the homopolymer poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush and the binary poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-PAA brushes, which was finally confirmed by an acidic hydrolysis combined with a subsequent reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In situ attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided a step-by-step detection of the biofunctionalization process so that an optimized protocol for the bioconjugation of GRGDS could be identified. The optimized protocol was used to create a temperature-responsive binary brush with a high amount of chemisorbed GRGDS, which is a promising candidate for the temperature-sensitive control of GRGDS presentation in further cell-instructive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evmorfia Psarra
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Hamilton Hall, University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, 639 North 12th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United
States
| | - Ulla König
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry of
Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Street 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Hamilton Hall, University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, 639 North 12th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United
States
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22
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Schweizerhof S, Demco DE, Mourran A, Keul H, Fechete R, Möller M. Temperature-Induced Phase Transition Characterization of Responsive Polymer Brushes Grafted onto Nanoparticles. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sjören Schweizerhof
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V.; RWTH-Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dan Eugen Demco
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V.; RWTH-Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca; Department of Physics and Chemistry; 25 G. Baritiu Str. 400027 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Ahmed Mourran
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V.; RWTH-Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V.; RWTH-Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Radu Fechete
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca; Department of Physics and Chemistry; 25 G. Baritiu Str. 400027 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, e.V.; RWTH-Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
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23
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Pearson S, St Thomas C, Guerrero-Santos R, D'Agosto F. Opportunities for dual RDRP agents in synthesizing novel polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual RDRP agents provide access to new polymeric materials by combining ATRP, NMP, and RAFT polymerization without end group transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pearson
- Équipe EPCP
- IPREM UMR 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
- 64053 Pau
- France
| | - Claude St Thomas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
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24
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Murakami D, Norizoe Y, Higaki Y, Takahara A, Jinnai H. Direct Characterization of In-Plane Phase Separation in Polystyrene Brush/Cyclohexane System. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Murakami
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces
Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Norizoe
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces
Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces
Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces
Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces
Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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25
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Wang C, Nair SS, Veeravalli S, Moseh P, Wynne KJ. Sticky or Slippery Wetting: Network Formation Conditions Can Provide a One-Way Street for Water Flow on Platinum-cured Silicone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14252-14262. [PMID: 27175918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the course of studies on Sylgard 184 (S-PDMS), we discovered strong effects on receding contact angles (CAs), θrec, while cure conditions have little effect on advancing CAs. Network formation at high temperatures resulted in high θadv of 115-120° and high θrec ≥ 80°. After network formation at low temperatures (≤25 °C), θadv was still high but θrec was 30-50°. Uncertainty about compositional effects on wetting behavior resulted in similar experiments with a model D(V)D(H) silicone elastomer (Pt-PDMS) composed of a vinyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) base and a polymeric hydromethylsilane cross-linker. Again, network formation at high temperature (∼100 °C) resulted in high CAs, while low-temperature curing retained high advancing CAs but gave low receding CAs (θrec 30-50°). These changes in receding CAs translate to strong effects on water adhesion, wp, which is the actual work required to separate a liquid (water) from a surface: wp ∝ (1 + θrec). When the values θrec 84° for high-temperature and θrec 50° for low-temperature network formation are used, wp is ∼1.5 times higher for curing at low temperature. The origin of low receding contact angles was investigated by attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy. Absorptions for Si-OH hydrogen-bonded to water (3350 cm(-1)) were stronger for low- versus high-temperature curing. This result is attributed to faster hydrosilylation during curing at higher temperatures that consumes Si-H before autoxidation to Si-OH. Sharp bands at 3750 and 3690 cm(-1) due to isolated -Si-OH are more prominent for Pt-PDMS than those for S-PDMS, which may be due to an effect of functionalized nanofiller. To explore the impact of wp on water droplet flow, gradient coatings of S-PDMS and Pt-PDMS elastomers were prepared by coating a slide, maintaining opposite ends at high and low temperatures and thus forming a thermal gradient. When the slide was tilted, a droplet moved easily on the high-temperature end (slippery surface) but became pinned at the low-temperature end (sticky surface) and did not move when the slide was rotated 180°. The surface was therefore a "one-way street" for water droplet flow. Theory provides fundamental understanding for slippery/sticky behavior for gradient S-PDMS and Pt-PDMS coatings. A model for network formation is based on hydrosilylation at high temperature and condensation curing of Si-OH from autoxidation of Si-H at low temperatures. In summary, network formation conditions strongly affect receding contact angles and water adhesion for Sylgard 184 and the filler-free mimic Pt-PDMS. These findings suggest careful control of curing conditions is important to silicones used in microfluidic devices or as biomedical materials. Network-forming conditions also impact bulk mechanical properties for Sylgard 184, but the range that can be obtained has not been critically examined for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Sharon Veeravalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Patricia Moseh
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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26
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Lu L, Lahasky SH, Zhang D, Garno JC. Directed Growth of Polymer Nanorods Using Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Allyl N-Carboxyanhydride. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4014-4022. [PMID: 26789943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A stepwise chemistry route was used to prepare arrays of polymer nanostructures of poly(N-allyl glycine) on Si(111) using particle lithography. The nanostructures were used for studying surface reactions with advanced measurements of atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the first step to fabricate the surface platform, isolated nanopores were prepared within a thin film of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The OTS served as a surface resist, and the areas of nanopores provided multiple, regularly shaped sites for further reaction. An initiator, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), was grown selectively inside the nanopores to define sites for polymerization. The initiator attached selectively to the sites of nanopores indicating OTS prevented nonspecific adsorption. Surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of N-allyl N-carboxyanhydride with APTES produced polymer nanorods on the nanodots of APTES presenting amine functional groups. The surface changes for each step were monitored using high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). Slight variations in the height of the poly(N-allyl glycine) nanorods were observed which scale correspondingly to the initial dimensions of nanopores. The distance between adjacent polymer nanorods was controlled by the size of mesoparticle masks used in the experiment. This surface platform has potential application in biotechnology for smart coatings or biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Samuel H Lahasky
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jayne C Garno
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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27
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Abstract
Ternary polymer brushes consisting of polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(4-vinylpyridine) have been synthesized. These brushes laterally phase separate into several distinct phases and can be tailored by altering the relative polymer composition. Self-consistent field theory has been used to predict the phase diagram and model both the horizontal and vertical phase behavior of the polymer brushes. All phase behaviors observed experimentally correlate well with the theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester K. Simocko
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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28
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Pappas HC, Phan S, Yoon S, Edens LE, Meng X, Schanze KS, Whitten DG, Keller DJ. Self-Sterilizing, Self-Cleaning Mixed Polymeric Multifunctional Antimicrobial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27632-8. [PMID: 26596644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation is quickly becoming a strategy for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. We demonstrate a basic strategy for surface modification that combines the ability to control attachment by microbes with the ability to inactivate microbes. The surface consists of two active materials: poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)-based polymers, which can inactivate a wide range of microbes and pathogens, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based polymers, which can switch between an hydrophobic "capture" state and a hydrophilic "release" state. The combination of these materials creates a surface that can both bind microbes in a switchable way and kill surface-bound microbes efficiently. Considerable earlier work with cationic poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) polyelectrolytes has demonstrated and characterized their antimicrobial properties, including the ability to efficiently destroy or deactivate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Similarly, much work has shown (1) that surface-polymerized films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are able to switch their surface thermodynamic properties from a swollen, relatively hydrophilic state at low temperature to a condensed, relatively hydrophobic state at higher temperature, and (2) that this switch can control the binding and/or release of microbes to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) surfaces. The active surfaces described herein were fabricated by first creating a film of biocidal poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) using layer-by-layer methods, and then conferring switchable adhesion by growing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) through the poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) layer, using surface-attached polymerization initiators. The resulting multifunctional, complex films were then characterized both physically and functionally. We demonstrate that such films kill and subsequently induce widespread release of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Pappas
- Department of Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Samantha Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Suhyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Lance E Edens
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Xiangli Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David G Whitten
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - David J Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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29
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Das S, Banik M, Chen G, Sinha S, Mukherjee R. Polyelectrolyte brushes: theory, modelling, synthesis and applications. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8550-83. [PMID: 26399305 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes are a special class of polymer brushes (PBs) containing charges. Polymer chains attain "brush"-like configuration when they are grafted or get localized at an interface (solid-fluid or liquid-fluid) with sufficiently close proximity between two-adjacent grafted polymer chains - such a proximity triggers a particular nature of interaction between the adjacent polymer molecules forcing them to stretch orthogonally to the grafting interface, instead of random-coil arrangement. In this review, we discuss the theory, synthesis, and applications of PE brushes. The theoretical discussion starts with the standard scaling concepts for polymer and PE brushes; following that, we shed light on the state of the art in continuum modelling approaches for polymer and PE brushes directed towards analysis beyond the scaling calculations. A special emphasis is laid in pinpointing the cases for which the PE electrostatic effects can be de-coupled from the PE entropic and excluded volume effects; such de-coupling is necessary to appropriately probe the complicated electrostatic effects arising from pH-dependent charging of the PE brushes and the use of these effects for driving liquid and ion transport at the interfaces covered with PE brushes. We also discuss the atomistic simulation approaches for polymer and PE brushes. Next we provide a detailed review of the existing approaches for the synthesis of polymer and PE brushes on interfaces, nanoparticles, and nanochannels, including mixed brushes and patterned brushes. Finally, we discuss some of the possible applications and future developments of polymer and PE brushes grafted on a variety of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Meneka Banik
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin - 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin - 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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30
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Chu E, Babar T, Bruist MF, Sidorenko A. Binary Polymer Brushes of Strongly Immiscible Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12505-12515. [PMID: 25668055 DOI: 10.1021/am5080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of microphase separation is an example of self-assembly in soft matter and has been observed in block copolymers (BCPs) and similar materials (i.e., supramolecular assemblies (SMAs) and homo/block copolymer blends (HBCs)). In this study, we use microphase separation to construct responsive polymer brushes that collapse to generate periodic surfaces. This is achieved by a chemical reaction between the minor block (10%, poly(4-vinylpyridine)) of the block copolymer and a substrate. The major block of polystyrene (PS) forms mosaic-like arrays of grafted patches that are 10-20 nm in size. Depending on the nature of the assembly (SMA, HBC, or neat BCP) and annealing method (exposure to vapors of different solvents or heating above the glass transition temperature), a range of "mosaic" brushes with different parameters can be obtained. Successive grafting of a secondary polymer (polyacrylamide, PAAm) results in the fabrication of binary polymer brushes (BPBs). Upon being exposed to specific selective solvents, BPBs may adopt different conformations. The surface tension and adhesion of the binary brush are governed by the polymer occupying the top stratum. The "mosaic" brush approach allows for a combination of strongly immiscible polymers in one brush. This facilitates substantial contrast in the surface properties upon switching, previously only possible for substrates composed of predetermined nanostructures. We also demonstrate a possible application of such PS/PAAm brushes in a tunable bioadhesion-bioadhesive (PS on top) or nonbioadhesive (PAAm on top) surface as revealed by Escherichia coli bacterial seeding.
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31
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Calabrese DR, Ditter D, Liedel C, Blumfield A, Zentel R, Ober CK. Design, Synthesis, and Use of Y-Shaped ATRP/NMP Surface Tethered Initiator. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:606-610. [PMID: 35596400 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous polymer brushes on surfaces can be easily formed from a binary initiator on a silicon oxide substrate where two different types of polymers can be grown side-by-side. Herein, we designed a new Y-shaped binary initiator using straightforward chemistry for "grafting from" polymer brushes. This initiator synthesis takes advantage of the Passerini reaction, a multicomponent reaction combining two initiator sites and one surface linking site. This Y-shaped binary initiator can be synthesized in three steps with a higher yield than other similar initiators reported in the literature, and can be performed on a multigram scale. We were able to attach the initiator to a silicon oxide substrate and successfully grow polymer brushes from both initiators (separately and in combination), confirmed by NEXAFS, AFM, and contact angle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ditter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Blass J, Bozna BL, Albrecht M, Krings JA, Ravoo BJ, Wenz G, Bennewitz R. Switching adhesion and friction by light using photosensitive guest–host interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1830-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Friction and adhesion between two β-cyclodextrin functionalized surfaces can be switched reversibly by external light stimuli. The interaction is mediated by complexation with ditopic azobenzene guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Blass
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Physics Department
| | - Bianca L. Bozna
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Marcel Albrecht
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | | | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Wenz
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Roland Bennewitz
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Physics Department
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33
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Synytska A, Biehlig E, Ionov L. Adaptive PEG–PDMS Brushes: Effect of Architecture on Adhesiveness in Air and under Water. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501968y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Synytska
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Biehlig
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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34
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Nair SS, McCullough EJ, Yadavalli VK, Wynne KJ. Integrated compositional and nanomechanical analysis of a polyurethane surface modified with a fluorous oxetane siliceous-network hybrid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12986-12995. [PMID: 25268217 DOI: 10.1021/la503216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the surface characteristics of heterogeneous polymer systems is important for understanding how to better tailor surfaces and engineering specific reactions and desirable properties. Here we report on the surface properties for a blend consisting of a major component, a linear polyurethane or thermoplastic elastomer (TPU), and a minor component that is a hybrid network. The hybrid network consists of a fluorous polyoxetane soft block and a hydrolysis/condensation inorganic (HyCoin) network. Phase separation during coating formation results in surface concentration of the minor fluorous hybrid domain. The TPU is H12MDI/BD(50)-PTMO-1000 derived from bis(cyclohexylmethylene)-diisocyanate and butane diol (50 wt %) and poly(tetramethylene oxide). Surface modification results from a novel network-forming hybrid composed of poly(trifluoroethoxymethyl-methyl oxetane) diol) (3F) as the fluorous moiety end-capped with 3-isocyanatopropylriethoxysilane and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) as a siliceous stabilizer. We use an integrated approach that combines elemental analysis of the near surface via X-ray photoelectron microscopy with surface mapping using atomic force microscopy that presents topographical and phase imaging along with nanomechanical properties. Overall, this versatile, high-resolution approach enabled unique insight into surface composition and morphology that led to a model of heterogeneous surfaces containing a range of constituents and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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35
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Chyasnavichyus M, Young SL, Tsukruk VV. Mapping micromechanical properties of soft polymer contact lenses. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Lee H, Tsouris V, Lim Y, Mustafa R, Choi J, Choi YH, Park HW, Meron M, Lin B, Won YY. Macroscopic lateral heterogeneity observed in a laterally mobile immiscible mixed polyelectrolyte-neutral polymer brush. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3771-82. [PMID: 24695635 PMCID: PMC4397986 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied mixed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes. The question we attempted to answer was: when the chain grafting points are laterally mobile, how will this lateral mobility influence the structure and phase behavior of the mixed brush? Three different model mixed PEO/PDMAEMA brush systems were prepared: (1) a laterally mobile mixed brush by spreading onto the air-water interface a mixture of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PEO-PnBA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PDMAEMA-PnBA) diblock copolymers (the specific diblock copolymers used will be denoted as PEO113-PnBA100 and PDMAEMA118-PnBA100, where the subscripts refer to the number-average degrees of polymerization of the individual blocks), (2) a mobility-restricted (inseparable) version of the above mixed brush prepared using a PEO-PnBA-PDMAEMA triblock copolymer (denoted as PEO113-PnBA89-PDMAEMA120) having respective brush molecular weights matched with those of the diblock copolymers, and (3) a different laterally mobile mixed PEO and PDMAEMA brush prepared from a PEO113-PnBA100 and PDMAEMA200-PnBA103 diblock copolymer combination, which represents a further more height-mismatched mixed brush situation than described in (1). These three mixed brush systems were investigated by surface pressure-area isotherm and X-ray (XR) reflectivity measurements. These experimental data were analyzed within the theoretical framework of a continuum self-consistent field (SCF) polymer brush model. The combined experimental and theoretical results suggest that the mobile mixed brush derived using the PEO113-PnBA100 and PDMAEMA118-PnBA100 combination (i.e., mixed brush System #1) undergoes a lateral macroscopic phase separation at high chain grafting densities, whereas the more height-mismatched system (System #3) is only microscopically phase separated under comparable brush density conditions even though the lateral mobility of the grafted chains is unrestricted. The macroscopic phase separation observed in the laterally mobile mixed brush system is in contrast with the microphase separation behavior commonly observed in two-dimensional laterally mobile charged small molecule mixtures. Further study is needed to determine the detailed morphologies of the macro- and microphase-separated mixed PEO/PDMAEMA brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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37
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Geryak R, Tsukruk VV. Reconfigurable and actuating structures from soft materials. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1246-63. [PMID: 24651547 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent interest in reconfigurable soft materials may lead to the next paradigm in the development of adaptive and actuating materials and structures. Actuating soft materials eventually can be precisely designed to show stimuli-sensing, multi-length scale actuation, tunable transport, programmed shape control and multifunctional orthogonal responses. Herein, we discuss the various advances in the emerging field of reconfigurable soft materials with a focus on the various parameters that can be modulated to control a complex system behavior. In particular, we detail approaches that use either long-range fields (i.e. electrical, magnetic) or changes in local thermodynamic parameters (e.g., solvent quality) in order to elicit a precise dimensional and controlled response. The theoretical underpinnings and practical considerations for different approaches are briefly presented alongside several illustrative examples from the recent studies. In the end, we summarize recent accomplishments, critical issues to consider, and give perspectives on the developments of this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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38
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Li W, Bao C, Wright RAE, Zhao B. Synthesis of mixed poly(ε-caprolactone)/polystyrene brushes from Y-initiator-functionalized silica particles by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of mixed brushes by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of styrene from Y-initiator-functionalized silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
| | - Chunhui Bao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
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39
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Erath J, Cui J, Schmid J, Kappl M, del Campo A, Fery A. Phototunable surface interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12138-12144. [PMID: 23883291 DOI: 10.1021/la4021349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymer brushes constitute an attractive platform for tuning surface properties and functionality. Since the degree of photoconversion can be controlled by the light dose, functional states with intermediate properties between those of the nonexposed and fully exposed brushes are accessible. Here we investigate the light-modulated interfacial, adhesion, and frictional properties of photosensitive polymer brushes with a methacrylate backbone and ionizable -COOH side groups modified with the photoremovable group 6-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC). The original brush (PNVOCMA) gradually changes into a charged poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush upon exposure to ultraviolet light due to the photoremoval of the chromophore and generation of free COOH groups. We show how the physical properties of the brush can be gradually tuned with the exposure dose using condensation microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), force mapping, and friction force spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Erath
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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40
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Sun W, Zhou S, You B, Wu L. Polymer Brush-Functionalized Surfaces with Reversible, Precisely Controllable Two-Way Responsive Wettability. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Materials Science
and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced
Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shouxue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science
and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced
Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Materials Science
and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced
Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science
and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced
Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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41
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Demirci S, Kinali-Demirci S, Caykara T. Novel pH-responsive mixed-charge copolymer brushes based on carboxylic acid and quaternary amine monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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42
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Tonhauser C, Golriz AA, Moers C, Klein R, Butt HJ, Frey H. Stimuli-responsive y-shaped polymer brushes based on junction-point-reactive block copolymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:5559-5563. [PMID: 22899420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Tonhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University-JGU, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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43
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Wang ZL, Xu JT, Du BY, Fan ZQ. Preparation and characterization of V-shaped PS-b-PEO brushes anchored on planar gold substrate through the trithiocarbonate junction group. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 384:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Bao C, Tang S, Horton JM, Jiang X, Tang P, Qiu F, Zhu L, Zhao B. Effect of Overall Grafting Density on Microphase Separation of Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Synthesized from Y-Initiator-Functionalized Silica Particles. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
United States
| | - Saide Tang
- Department
of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Horton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
United States
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
United States
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department
of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
United States
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45
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Horton JM, Tang S, Bao C, Tang P, Qiu F, Zhu L, Zhao B. Truncated Wedge-Shaped Nanostructures Formed from Lateral Microphase Separation of Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Grafted on 67 nm Silica Nanoparticles: Evidence of the Effect of Substrate Curvature. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1061-1065. [PMID: 35607038 DOI: 10.1021/mz3003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA)/polystyrene (PS) brushes with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities were synthesized from asymmetric difunctional initiator (Y-initiator)-functionalized 67 nm silica nanoparticles by sequential surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of tBA at 75 °C and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of styrene at 120 °C in the presence of a free initiator in each polymerization. The Y-initiator-functionalized nanoparticles were prepared by the immobilization of a triethoxysilane-terminated Y-initiator onto the surface of 67 nm silica particles via an ammonia-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation process. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that mixed PtBA/PS brushes grafted on 67 nm silica nanoparticles with comparable molecular weights for the two polymers underwent lateral microphase separation after being cast from CHCl3 and annealed with CHCl3 vapor, producing distinct truncated wedge-shaped nanostructures. In contrast, under the same conditions, mixed PtBA/PS brushes grafted on 160 nm silica particles self-assembled into nanodomains with a more uniform width. This suggests that the truncated wedge-shaped nanostructures formed by mixed brushes on 67 nm silica nanoparticles originated from a higher substrate curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Horton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Saide Tang
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chunhui Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University,
Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University,
Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37996, United States
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46
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Azzaroni O. Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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48
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Price AD, Hur SM, Fredrickson GH, Frischknecht AL, Huber DL. Exploring Lateral Microphase Separation in Mixed Polymer Brushes by Experiment and Self-Consistent Field Theory Simulations. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202542u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Price
- Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87185, United States
| | | | | | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87185, United States
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87185, United States
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49
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Han L, Wang L, Chia KK, Cohen RE, Rubner MF, Boyce MC, Ortiz C. Geometrically controlled mechanically responsive polyelectrolyte tube arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4667-4673. [PMID: 21919084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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50
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