1
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Sun J, Dong J, Gao L, Zhao YQ, Moon H, Scott SL. Catalytic Upcycling of Polyolefins. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9457-9579. [PMID: 39151127 PMCID: PMC11363024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values and multitude of short-term uses, have resulted in a significant and pressing waste management challenge. Only a small fraction of these polyolefins is currently mechanically recycled, with the rest being incinerated, accumulating in landfills, or leaking into the natural environment. Since polyolefins are energy-rich materials, there is considerable interest in recouping some of their chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy is catalytic depolymerization, in which a portion of the C-C bonds in the polyolefin backbone is broken with the assistance of a catalyst and, in some cases, additional small molecule reagents. When the products are small molecules or materials with higher value in their own right, or as chemical feedstocks, the process is called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major catalytic upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, and selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to small molecule mechanisms, catalyst design for macromolecular transformations, and the effect of process conditions on product selectivity. Metrics for describing polyolefin upcycling are critically evaluated, and an outlook for future advances is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Jinhu Dong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
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2
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Wang D, Ingram AA, Luka J, Mao M, Ahrens L, Bienstein M, Spaniol TP, Schwaneberg U, Okuda J. Engineered Anchor Peptide LCI with a Cobalt Cofactor Enhances Oxidation Efficiency of Polystyrene Microparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317419. [PMID: 38251394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A typical component of polymer waste is polystyrene (PS) used in numerous applications, but degraded only slowly in the environment due to its hydrophobic properties. To increase the reactivity of polystyrene, polar groups need to be introduced. Here, biohybrid catalysts based on the engineered anchor peptide LCI_F16C are presented, which are capable of attaching to polystyrene microparticles and hydroxylating benzylic C-H bonds in polystyrene microparticles using commercially available oxone as oxidant. LCI peptides achieve a dense surface coverage of PS through monolayer formation within minutes in aqueous solutions at ambient temperature. The catalytically active cobalt cofactor Co-L1 or Co-L2 with a modified NNNN macrocyclic TACD ligand (TACD=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) is covalently bound to the anchor peptide LCI through a maleimide linker. Compared to the free cofactors, a 12- to 15-fold improvement in catalytic activity using biohybrid catalysts based on LCI_F16C was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron A Ingram
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Luka
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maochao Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Jang YJ, Nguyen S, Hillmyer MA. Chemically Recyclable Linear and Branched Polyethylenes Synthesized from Stoichiometrically Self-Balanced Telechelic Polyethylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4771-4782. [PMID: 38323928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a widely used commercial plastic due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and water vapor barrier properties. However, less than 10% of HDPE is mechanically recycled, and the chemical recycling of HDPE is challenging due to the inherent strength of the carbon-carbon backbone bonds. Here, we report chemically recyclable linear and branched HDPE with sparse backbone ester groups synthesized from the transesterification of telechelic polyethylene macromonomers. Stoichiometrically self-balanced telechelic polyethylenes underwent transesterification polymerization to produce the PE-ester samples with high number-average molar masses of up to 111 kg/mol. Moreover, the transesterification polymerization of the telechelic polyethylenes and the multifunctional diethyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate generated branched PE-esters. Thermal and mechanical properties of the PE-esters were comparable to those of commercial HDPE and tunable through control of the ester content in the backbone. In addition, branched PE-esters showed higher levels of melt strain hardening compared with linear versions. The PE-ester was depolymerized into telechelic macromonomers through straightforward methanolysis, and the resulting macromonomers could be effectively repolymerized to generate a high molar mass recycled PE-ester sample. This is a new and promising method for synthesizing and recycling high-molar-mass linear and branched PE-esters, which are competitive with HDPE and have easily tailorable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Ciccia NR, Shi JX, Pal S, Hua M, Malollari KG, Lizandara-Pueyo C, Risto E, Ernst M, Helms BA, Messersmith PB, Hartwig JF. Diverse functional polyethylenes by catalytic amination. Science 2023; 381:1433-1440. [PMID: 37769088 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional polyethylenes possess valuable bulk and surface properties, but the limits of current synthetic methods narrow the range of accessible materials and prevent many envisioned applications. Instead, these materials are often used in composite films that are challenging to recycle. We report a Cu-catalyzed amination of polyethylenes to form mono- and bifunctional materials containing a series of polar groups and substituents. Designed catalysts with hydrophobic moieties enable the amination of linear and branched polyethylenes without chain scission or cross-linking, leading to polyethylenes with otherwise inaccessible combinations of functional groups and architectures. The resulting materials possess tunable bulk and surface properties, including toughness, adhesion to metal, paintability, and water solubility, which could unlock applications for functional polyethylenes and reduce the need for complex composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicodemo R Ciccia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jake X Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Subhajit Pal
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mutian Hua
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katerina G Malollari
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Eugen Risto
- BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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5
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Maksso I, Samanta RC, Zhan Y, Zhang K, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Polymer up-cycling by mangana-electrocatalytic C(sp 3)-H azidation without directing groups. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8109-8118. [PMID: 37538824 PMCID: PMC10395267 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical up-cycling of polymers into value-added materials offers a unique opportunity to place plastic waste in a new value chain towards a circular economy. Herein, we report the selective up-cycling of polystyrenes and polyolefins to C(sp3)-H azidated materials under electrocatalytic conditions. The functionalized polymers were obtained with high retention of mass average molecular mass and high functionalization through chemo-selective mangana-electrocatalysis. Our strategy proved to be broadly applicable to a variety of homo- and copolymers. Polyethylene, polypropylene as well as post-consumer polystyrene materials were functionalized by this approach, thereby avoiding the use of hypervalent-iodine reagents in stoichiometric quantities by means of electrocatalysis. This study, hence, represents a chemical oxidant-free polymer functionalization by electro-oxidation. The electrocatalysis proved to be scalable, which highlights its unique feature for a green hydrogen economy by means of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Maksso
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yifei Zhan
- Institut für Holztechnologie und Holzwerkstoffe, Georg-August-Universität Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institut für Holztechnologie und Holzwerkstoffe, Georg-August-Universität Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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6
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Kanbur U, Paterson AL, Rodriguez J, Kocen AL, Yappert R, Hackler RA, Wang YY, Peters B, Delferro M, LaPointe AM, Coates GW, Perras F, Sadow AD. Zirconium-Catalyzed C-H Alumination of Polyolefins, Paraffins, and Methane. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2901-2910. [PMID: 36696148 PMCID: PMC9912340 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
C-H/Et-Al exchange in zirconium-catalyzed reactions of saturated hydrocarbons and AlEt3 affords versatile organoaluminum compounds and ethane. The grafting of commercially available Zr(OtBu)4 on silica/alumina gives monopodal ≡SiO-Zr(OtBu)3 surface pre-catalyst sites that are activated in situ by ligand exchange with AlEt3. The catalytic C-H alumination of dodecane at 150 °C followed by quenching in air affords n-dodecanol as the major product, revealing selectivity for methyl group activation. Shorter hydrocarbon or alcohol products were not detected under these conditions. Catalytic reactions of cyclooctane and AlEt3, however, afford ring-opened products, indicating that C-C bond cleavage occurs readily in methyl group-free reactants. This selectivity for methyl group alumination enables the C-H alumination of polyethylenes, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly-α-olefin oils without significant chain deconstruction. In addition, the smallest hydrocarbon, methane, undergoes selective mono-alumination under solvent-free catalytic conditions, providing a direct route to Al-Me species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav Kanbur
- Ames
National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Ames
National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andrew L. Kocen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Ryan Yappert
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan A. Hackler
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baron Peters
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States,Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Frédéric
A. Perras
- Ames
National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Aaron D. Sadow
- Ames
National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,
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7
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Saito T, Hill MR, Lennon Luo SX, Ye HZ, Van Voorhis T, Johnson JA. Converting Commodity Polyolefins to Electronic Materials through Borane-Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23010-23018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Saito
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Technology Innovation Division, Panasonic Corporation, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Megan R. Hill
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shao-Xiong Lennon Luo
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Westlie AH, Chen EYX, Holland CM, Stahl SS, Doyle M, Trenor SR, Knauer KM. Polyolefin Innovations toward Circularity and Sustainable Alternatives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200492. [PMID: 35908163 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented growth and socioeconomic impacts of polyolefins clearly outline a major success story in the world of polymer science. Polyolefins revolutionizes industries such as health care, construction, and food packaging. Despite the benefits of polyolefins, there is a rising concern for the environment due to high production volume (i.e., fossil fuel consumption), often short usage time, and problems related to waste management and accumulation in the natural environment. Creating a circular economy for polyolefins through effective recycling technologies has the potential to decrease the environmental impact of these materials. This perspective discusses polyolefins and their impact, existing and emerging recycling/upcycling solutions, and recycle-by-design alternatives that are challenging the status quo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Westlie
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Chris M Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Meredith Doyle
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Scott R Trenor
- Plastics Additives, Milliken Chemical, Milliken and Company, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Katrina M Knauer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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9
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Sample CS, Kellstedt EA, Hillmyer MA. Tandem ROMP/Hydrogenation Approach to Hydroxy-Telechelic Linear Polyethylene. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:608-614. [PMID: 35570818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy-telechelic polyalkenamers have long been synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of an acyclic olefin chain-transfer agent (CTA); however, this route typically requires protected diols in the CTA due to the challenge of alcohol-mediated degradation of ruthenium metathesis catalysts that can not only deactivate the catalysts, but also compromise the CTA. We demonstrate the synthesis and implementation of a new hydroxyl-containing CTA in which extended methylene spacers isolate the olefin and alcohol moieties to mitigate decomposition pathways. This CTA enabled the direct ROMP synthesis of hydroxy-telechelic polycyclooctene with controlled chain lengths dictated by the initial ratio of monomer to CTA. The elimination of protection/deprotection steps resulted in improved atom economy. Subsequent hydrogenation of the backbone olefins was performed by a one-pot, catalytic approach employing the ruthenium complex used for the initial ROMP. The resultant approach is a streamlined, atom-economic, and low-waste route to hydroxy-telechelic linear polyethylene that uses a green solvent, succeeds with miniscule quantities of catalyst (0.005 mol %), and requires no additional purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S. Sample
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Kellstedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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10
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Ma P, Plummer CM, Luo W, Pang J, Chen Y, Li L. Exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger oxidation: a tailor-made post-polymerization modification to access challenging poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11746-11754. [PMID: 36320906 PMCID: PMC9580620 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of exhaustive (nearly quantitative) post-polymerization modifications (PPM) relies heavily on the efficiency of their corresponding small-molecule protocols. However, the direct translation of existing small-molecule protocols into PPM methods has never been guaranteed due to the intrinsic differences between small-molecule substrates and polymers. Herein, we introduce the direct optimization on polymers (DOP) as a complementary approach to developing exhaustive PPM reactions. As proof of the DOP concept, we present an exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger (BV) post-modification which cannot be accessed by conventional approaches. This user-friendly methodology provides general access to synthetically challenging copolymers of vinyl acetate and more activated monomers (MAMs) including both statistical and narrow-dispersed block copolymers. Furthermore, a scalable one-pot copolymerization/exhaustive BV post-modification procedure was developed to produce such materials showing improved performance over regular PVAc. Exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation, which was developed by a direct optimization on polymers (DOP) approach, provides a general solution for preparing synthetically challenging poly(vinyl acetate) statistical and block copolymers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Christopher M. Plummer
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wenjun Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Pang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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11
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Menendez Rodriguez G, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Metal-Catalyzed Postpolymerization Strategies for Polar Group Incorporation into Polyolefins Containing C–C, C═C, and Aromatic Rings. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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12
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Chen L, Malollari KG, Uliana A, Hartwig JF. Ruthenium-Catalyzed, Chemoselective and Regioselective Oxidation of Polyisobutene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4531-4535. [PMID: 33734671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyolefins are important commodity plastics, yet their lack of functional groups limits their applications. The functionalization of C-H bonds holds promise for incorporating functionalities into polymers of ethylene and linear α-olefins. However, the selective functionalization of polyolefins derived from branched alkenes, even monobranched, 1,1-substituted alkenes, has not been achieved. These polymers are less reactive, due to steric effects, and they are prone to chain scission that degrades the polymer. We report the chemoselective and regioselective oxidation of a commercially important polymer of a branched olefin, polyisobutene. A polyfluorinated ruthenium-porphyrin catalyst incorporates ketone units into polyisobutene at methylene positions without chain cleavage. The oxidized polymer is thermally stable, yet it undergoes programmed reactions and possesses enhanced wetting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katerina G Malollari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Uliana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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14
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Selective, Catalytic Oxidations of C–H Bonds in Polyethylenes Produce Functional Materials with Enhanced Adhesion. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Plummer CM, Li L, Chen Y. The post-modification of polyolefins with emerging synthetic methods. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01279c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights the present state of polyolefin post-modification research, especially concerning recently developed C–H functionalization chemistry. Remaining challenges and emerging strategies within the field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Plummer
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Le Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- School of Chemistry
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
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16
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Williamson JB, Na CG, Johnson RR, Daniel WFM, Alexanian EJ, Leibfarth FA. Chemo- and Regioselective Functionalization of Isotactic Polypropylene: A Mechanistic and Structure-Property Study. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12815-12823. [PMID: 31373806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyolefins represent a high-volume class of polymers prized for their attractive thermomechanical properties, but the lack of chemical functionality on polyolefins makes them inadequate for many high-performance engineering applications. We report a metal-free postpolymerization modification approach to impart functionality onto branched polyolefins without the deleterious chain-coupling or chain-scission side reactions inherent to previous methods. The identification of conditions for thermally initiated polyolefin C-H functionalization combined with the development of new reagents enabled the addition of xanthates, trithiocarbonates, and dithiocarbamates to a variety of commercially available branched polyolefins. Systematic experimental and kinetic studies led to a mechanistic hypothesis that facilitated the rational design of reagents and reaction conditions for the thermally initiated C-H xanthylation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) within a twin-screw extruder. A structure-property study showed that the functionalized iPP adheres to polar surfaces twice as strongly as commercial iPP while demonstrating similar tensile properties. The fundamental understanding of the elementary steps in amidyl radical-mediated polyolefin functionalization provided herein reveals key structure-reactivity relationships for the design of improved reagents, while the demonstration of chemoselective and scalable iPP functionalization to realize a material with improved adhesion properties indicates the translational potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill B Williamson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Christina G Na
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Robert R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - William F M Daniel
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Erik J Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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17
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Williamson JB, Lewis SE, Johnson RR, Manning IM, Leibfarth FA. C−H Functionalization of Commodity Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8654-8668. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Sally E. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Robert R. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Irene M. Manning
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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18
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Williamson JB, Lewis SE, Johnson RR, Manning IM, Leibfarth FA. C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Standardpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Sally E. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Robert R. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Irene M. Manning
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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19
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Plummer CM, Zhou H, Li S, Zhong H, Sun Z, Bariashir C, Sun WH, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Y. A direct functionalization of polyolefins for blend compatibilization by an insertion of 1,1-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (BPSE). Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00599d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A mild post-modification of polyethylene (PE) & polypropylene (PP) to insert phenylsulfonyl groups is reported, the modified samples demonstrated to act as blend compatibilizers.
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20
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Williamson JB, Czaplyski WL, Alexanian EJ, Leibfarth FA. Regioselective C−H Xanthylation as a Platform for Polyolefin Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - William L. Czaplyski
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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21
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Williamson JB, Czaplyski WL, Alexanian EJ, Leibfarth FA. Regioselective C−H Xanthylation as a Platform for Polyolefin Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6261-6265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - William L. Czaplyski
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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22
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Dias LD, Carrilho RMB, Henriques CA, Piccirillo G, Fernandes A, Rossi LM, Filipa Ribeiro M, Calvete MJF, Pereira MM. A recyclable hybrid manganese(III) porphyrin magnetic catalyst for selective olefin epoxidation using molecular oxygen. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461850027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a hybrid Mn(III)-porphyrin magnetic nanocomposite is described. Moreover, a sustainable methodology for epoxidation of olefins is reported, using O[Formula: see text] as a green oxidant and the magnetic nanoparticle as a recyclable catalyst. High activity in alkene oxidation was observed, with full selectivity for epoxide formation. The magnetic catalyst presented high stability, being recovered and reused in five consecutive runs without loss of catalytic activity or selectivity in cyclooctene oxidation. Moreover, the catalytic system showed very good reactivity toward epoxidation of a range of terminal, substituted, cyclic or acyclic, aliphatic and aromatic olefins, including terpene and steroid derivatives, affording a range of biologically relevant epoxides in excellent yields. The isobutyric acid, formed as side-product, was recovered with high yield and purity, which provides the potential reutilization of this important industrial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. Dias
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M. B. Carrilho
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - César A. Henriques
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giusi Piccirillo
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Técnico Superior, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liane M. Rossi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brasil
| | - M. Filipa Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Técnico Superior, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário J. F. Calvete
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Bunescu A, Lee S, Li Q, Hartwig JF. Catalytic Hydroxylation of Polyethylenes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:895-903. [PMID: 28852704 PMCID: PMC5571459 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefins account for 60% of global plastic consumption, but many potential applications of polyolefins require that their properties, such as compatibility with polar polymers, adhesion, gas permeability, and surface wetting, be improved. A strategy to overcome these deficiencies would involve the introduction of polar functionalities onto the polymer chain. Here, we describe the Ni-catalyzed hydroxylation of polyethylenes (LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE) in the presence of m CPBA as an oxidant. Studies with cycloalkanes and pure, long-chain alkanes were conducted to assess precisely the selectivity of the reaction and the degree to which potential C-C bond cleavage of a radical intermediate occurs. Among the nickel catalysts we tested, [Ni(Me4Phen)3](BPh4)2 (Me4Phen = 3,4,7,8,-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) reacted with the highest turnover number (TON) for hydroxylation of cyclohexane and the highest selectivity for the formation of cyclohexanol over cyclohexanone (TON, 5560; cyclohexanol/(cyclohexanone + ε-caprolactone) ratio, 10.5). The oxidation of n-octadecane occurred at the secondary C-H bonds with 15.5:1 selectivity for formation of an alcohol over a ketone and 660 TON. Consistent with these data, the hydroxylation of various polyethylene materials by the combination of [Ni(Me4Phen)3](BPh4)2 and m CPBA led to the introduction of 2.0 to 5.5 functional groups (alcohol, ketone, alkyl chloride) per 100 monomer units with up to 88% selectivity for formation of alcohols over ketones or chloride. In contrast to more classical radical functionalizations of polyethylene, this catalytic process occurred without significant modification of the molecular weight of the polymer that would result from chain cleavage or cross-linking. Thus, the resulting materials are new compositions in which hydroxyl groups are located along the main chain of commercial, high molecular weight LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE materials. These hydroxylated polyethylenes have improved wetting properties and serve as macroinitiators to synthesize graft polycaprolactones that compatibilize polyethylene-polycaprolactone blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Bunescu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Hernández-Ortiz JC, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, Marin GB, D'hooge DR, Duchateau JNE, Remerie K, Toloza C, Vaz AL, Schreurs F. Modeling the reaction event history and microstructure of individual macrospecies in postpolymerization modification. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Hernández-Ortiz
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
- Ghent University, Centre for Textile Science and Engineering; Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Gent; Belgium
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25
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Zhou H, Wang S, Huang H, Li Z, Plummer CM, Wang S, Sun WH, Chen Y. Direct Amination of Polyethylene by Metal-Free Reaction. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houbo Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huahua Huang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Christopher M. Plummer
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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26
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Cuesta-Aluja L, Castilla J, Masdeu-Bultó AM, Henriques CA, Calvete MJ, Pereira MM. Halogenated meso-phenyl Mn(III) porphyrins as highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates using carbon dioxide and epoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Abdulaeva IA, Birin KP, Michalak J, Romieu A, Stern C, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Guilard R, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. On the synthesis of functionalized porphyrins and porphyrin conjugates via β-aminoporphyrins. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-step methodology to prepare a series ofmeso-tetraarylporphyrin conjugates bearing water-soluble moieties, anchoring groups and receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna A. Abdulaeva
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Kirill P. Birin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Julien Michalak
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Christine Stern
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Roger Guilard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
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28
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Mohanty AD, Bae C. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of Polyolefins Containing CC, CC, and CH Bonds. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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McArthur S, Baird MC. Oxyfunctionalization of polystyrene by hydrogen peroxide using non-heme iron catalysts. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Chang Y, Lee HH, Kim SH, Jo TS, Bae C. Scope and Regioselectivity of Iridium-Catalyzed C–H Borylation of Aromatic Main-Chain Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer
Synthesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway,
Box 454003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154−4003
| | - Hanniel H. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway,
Box 454003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154−4003
| | - Se Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway,
Box 454003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154−4003
| | - Tae Soo Jo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway,
Box 454003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154−4003
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer
Synthesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway,
Box 454003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154−4003
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31
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Beltrán Á, Gómez-Emeterio BP, Marco C, Ellis G, Parellada MD, Díaz-Requejo MM, Corona-Galván S, Pérez PJ. Mild Catalytic Functionalization of Styrene–Butadiene Rubbers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los
Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Bella Pilar Gómez-Emeterio
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los
Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Marco
- CSIC−Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros,
c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- CSIC−Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros,
c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Parellada
- Dynasol Elastómeros, P° de la Castellana 257, Planta 1a, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Tecnología de Repsol, Ctra. de Extremadura km. 18, 28931 Móstoles,
Spain
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los
Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Sergio Corona-Galván
- Dynasol Elastómeros, P° de la Castellana 257, Planta 1a, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Tecnología de Repsol, Ctra. de Extremadura km. 18, 28931 Móstoles,
Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los
Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
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32
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Pitet LM, Hillmyer MA. Carboxy-Telechelic Polyolefins by ROMP Using Maleic Acid as a Chain Transfer Agent. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102975r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis M. Pitet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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33
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Urbano J, Korthals B, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ, Mecking S. Catalytic cyclopropanation of polybutadienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Novel long chain unsaturated diisocyanate from fatty acid: Synthesis, characterization, and application in bio-based polyurethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Jo TS, Yang M, Brownell LV, Bae C. Synthesis of quaternary ammonium ion-grafted polyolefins via activation of inert CH bonds and nitroxide mediated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Shin J, Chang AY, Brownell LV, Racoma IO, Ozawa CH, Chung HY, Peng S, Bae C. Hydrophilic graft modification of a commercial crystalline polyolefin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Ray A, Kissin YV, Zhu K, Goldman AS, Cherian AE, Coates GW. Catalytic post-modification of alkene polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Díaz-Requejo MM, Wehrmann P, Leatherman MD, Trofimenko S, Mecking S, Brookhart M, Pérez PJ. Controlled, Copper-Catalyzed Functionalization of Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050626f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bae C, Hartwig JF, Boaen Harris NK, Long RO, Anderson KS, Hillmyer MA. Catalytic hydroxylation of polypropylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:767-76. [PMID: 15643903 DOI: 10.1021/ja044440s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of both model and commercial polypropylenes of varying tacticity has been conducted by a rhodium-catalyzed functionalization of the methyl C-H bonds of the polymer with diboron reagents. Rhodium-catalyzed borylation of the polypropylenes, followed by oxidation of the boron-containing material, produced polymers containing 0.2-1.5% hydroxymethyl side chains. Both the number-average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the polypropylenes were essentially unchanged after the catalytic and oxidative functionalization process. The efficiency of the borylation process was affected by the molecular weight of the polymer, the steric hindrance around the methyl groups, and the ratio of the diboron reagent to the monomer repeat unit. The hydroxylated derivative of the commercial isotactic polypropylene was used as macroinitiator for the aluminum-mediated ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone to prepare polypropylene-graft-polycaprolactone. This graft copolymer was an effective compatibilizer for melt blends of polypropylene and polycaprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulsung Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Ray A, Zhu K, Kissin YV, Cherian AE, Coates GW, Goldman AS. Dehydrogenation of aliphatic polyolefins catalyzed by pincer-ligated iridium complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3388-90. [PMID: 15997273 DOI: 10.1039/b502120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of the catalytic dehydrogenation of aliphatic polyolefins to give partially unsaturated hydrocarbon polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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