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Boeck PT, Veige AS. Cyclic polymers from alkynes: a review. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04243c. [PMID: 39345778 PMCID: PMC11426310 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic polymers have applications across various fields, including material science, biomedicine, and inorganic chemistry. Cyclic polymers derived from alkyne monomers have expanded the application scope to include electronic materials and polyolefins. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of cyclic polymers from both mono- and disubstituted alkynes. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthetic methodologies and the application of cyclic polymers derived from alkynes. Additionally, this review will facilitate a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of various synthetic methods and describe opportunities for future development of novel catalytic systems to synthesize cyclic polymers from alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker T Boeck
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adam S Veige
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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2
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Clarke RW, Caputo MR, Polo Fonseca L, McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Franklin KA, Müller AJ, Chen EYX. Cyclic and Linear Tetrablock Copolymers Synthesized at Speed and Scale by Lewis Pair Polymerization of a One-Pot (Meth)acrylic Mixture and Characterized at Multiple Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4930-4941. [PMID: 38346332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic block copolymers (cBCP) are fundamentally intriguing materials, but their synthetic challenges that demand precision in controlling both the monomer sequence and polymer topology limit access to AB and ABC block architectures. Here, we show that cyclic ABAB tetra-BCPs (cABAB) and their linear counterpart (lABAB) can be readily obtained at a speed and scale from one-pot (meth)acrylic monomer mixtures, through coupling the Lewis pair polymerization's unique compounded-sequence control with its precision in topology control. This approach achieves fast (<15 min) and quantitative (>99%) conversion to tetra-BCPs of predesignated linear or cyclic topology at scale (40 g) in a one-pot procedure, precluding the needs for repeated chain extensions, stoichiometric addition steps, dilute conditions, and postsynthetic modifications, and/or postsynthetic ring-closure steps. The resulting lABAB and cABAB have essentially identical molecular weights (Mn = 165-168 kg mol-1) and block degrees/symmetry, allowing for direct behavioral comparisons in solution (hydrodynamic volume, intrinsic viscosity, elution time, and refractive indices), bulk (thermal transitions), and film (thermomechanical and rheometric properties and X-ray scattering patterns) states. To further the morphological characterizations, allylic side-chain functionality is exploited via the thiol-ene click chemistry to install crystalline octadecane side chains and promote phase separation between the A and B blocks, allowing visualization of microdomain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Lucas Polo Fonseca
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kevin A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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3
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Zaborova OV, Timoshenko VA, Nardin C, Filippov SK. New insights on the release and self-healing model of stimuli-sensitive liposomes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:558-567. [PMID: 36878073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The mixing of conventional and pH-sensitive lipids was exploited to design novel stimuli-responsive liposomes (fliposomes) that could be used for smart drug delivery. We deeply investigated the structural properties of the fliposomes and revealed the mechanisms that are involved in a membrane transformation during a pH change. From ITC experiments we observed the existence of a slow process that was attributed to lipid layers arrangement with changing pH. Moreover, we determined for the first time the pKa value of the trigger-lipid in an aqueous milieu that is drastically different from the methanol-based values reported previously in the literature. Furthermore, we studied the release kinetics of encapsulated NaCl and proposed a novel model of release that involves the physical fitting parameters that could be extracted from the release curves fitting. We have obtained for the first time, the values of pores self-healing times and were able to trace their evolution with changing pH, temperature, the amount of lipid-trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Zaborova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim A Timoshenko
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Corinne Nardin
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
| | - Sergey K Filippov
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD Berkshire, United Kingdom.
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4
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McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Clarke RW, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EY. Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Control in Precision Cyclic Vinyl Polymer Synthesis by Lewis Pair Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116303. [PMID: 35132730 PMCID: PMC9304268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In typical cyclic polymer synthesis via ring-closure, chain growth and cyclization events are competing with each other, thus affording cyclic polymers with uncontrolled molecular weight or ring size and high dispersity. Here we uncover a mechanism by which Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) operates on polar vinyl monomers that allows the control of where and when cyclization takes place, thereby achieving spatial and temporal control to afford precision cyclic vinyl polymers or block copolymers with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity (≈1.03). A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates that cyclization occurs only after all monomers have been consumed (when) via conjugate addition of the propagating chain end to the specific site of the initiating chain end (where), allowing the cyclic polymer formation steps to be regulated and executed with precision in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Liam T. Reilly
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Università di SalernoDipartimento di Chimica e BiologiaVia Papa Paolo Giovanni II84100Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523–1872USA
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5
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McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Clarke RW, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EY. Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Control in Precision Cyclic Vinyl Polymer Synthesis by Lewis Pair Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Liam T. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Università di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II 84100 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523–1872 USA
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6
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Block Copolymer Networks Composed of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Polyethylene with Triple Shape Memory Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Highly Ordered Nanoscale Film Morphologies of Block Copolymers Governed by Nonlinear Topologies. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:811-818. [PMID: 35549184 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among many properties of cyclic block copolymers, the notable domain spacing (d-spacing) reduction offers nonlinear topology as an effective tool for developing block copolymers for nanolithography. However, the current consensus regarding the topology-morphology correlation is ambiguous and in need of more studies. Here we present the morphological investigation on nanoscale films of cyclic and tadpole-shaped poly(n-decyl glycidyl ether-block-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl glycidyl ether)s and their linear counterpart via synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. All copolymers form phase-separated nanostructures, in which only the nonlinear copolymers form highly ordered and unidirectional nanostructures. Additionally, d-spacings of cyclic and tadpole-shaped block copolymers are 49.3-53.7% and 25.0-32.5% shorter than that of their linear counterpart, respectively, exhibiting greater or comparable d-spacing reductions against the experimentally and theoretically achieved values from the literature. Overall, this study demonstrates that cyclic and tadpole topologies can be utilized in developing materials with miniaturized dimensions, high structural ordering, and unidirectional orientation for various nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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8
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McGraw ML, Clarke RW, Chen EYX. Synchronous Control of Chain Length/Sequence/Topology for Precision Synthesis of Cyclic Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3318-3322. [PMID: 33641330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision synthesis of cyclic polymers with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity is a challenging task, particularly concerning cyclic polar vinyl polymers through a rapid chain-growth mechanism and without high dilution. Harder yet is the precision synthesis of cyclic block copolymers (cBCPs), ideally from comonomer mixtures. Here we report that Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) capable of thermodynamically and kinetically compounded sequence control successfully addressed this longstanding challenge. Thus, LPP of acrylate/methacrylate mixtures under ambient temperature and normal concentration conditions rapidly and selectively affords well-defined cBCPs with high molecular weight (Mn = 247 kg/mol) and low dispersity (Đ = 1.04) in one step. Such cBCPs have been characterized by multiple techniques, including direct structural observation by imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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9
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Bicyclic Topology Transforms Self-Assembled Nanostructures in Block Copolymer Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6520-6525. [PMID: 32787170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing efforts in materials science have resulted in linear block copolymer systems that generate nanostructures via the phase separation of immiscible blocks; however, such systems are limited with regard to their domain miniaturization and lack of orientation control. We overcome these limitations through the bicyclic topological alteration of a block copolymer system. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis of nanoscale polymer films revealed that bicyclic topologies achieve 51.3-72.8% reductions in domain spacing when compared against their linear analogue, which is more effective than the theoretical predictions for conventional cyclic topologies. Moreover, bicyclic topologies achieve unidirectional orientation and a morphological transformation between lamellar and cylindrical domains with high structural integrity. When the near-equivalent volume fraction between the blocks is considered, the formation of hexagonally packed cylindrical domains is particularly noteworthy. Bicyclic topological alteration is therefore a powerful strategy for developing advanced nanostructured materials for microelectronics, displays, and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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10
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Liénard R, De Winter J, Coulembier O. Cyclic polymers: Advances in their synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Liénard
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
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11
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Haque FM, Grayson SM. The synthesis, properties and potential applications of cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:433-444. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Polymeropoulos G, Bilalis P, Feng X, Thomas EL, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Well-Defined Star and Tadpole Homo-/Co-/Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Novel polymeric biomaterial poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanowires: synthesis, characterization and formation mechanism. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:454-462. [PMID: 30572153 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles have been widely elaborated for nearly half a century. However, PBCA nanowires (PNWs) were seldom investigated. Here, new polymeric biomaterial PNWs were prepared via emulsion polymerization based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-assisted emulsion process. Results indicated that SDS micelles and PBCA polymer can develop surfactant-polymer complexes by self-assembly at room temperature. SDS concentration was confirmed to be the critical parameter for the association of the surfactant and the polymer. With the addition of SDS (0-40 mM), the interaction between SDS and PBCA led to a series of transitions from nanoparticles to nanowires. These morphology transitions were triggered by changing the electrostatic repulsion in the SDS-PBCA system, confirmed by the variety of zeta potential with increasing molar contents of SDS. To overcome the electrostatic repulsion, the complexes underwent transitions from spherical, worm-like (short-cylindrical), to elongated-cylindrical form. Finally, associated with the results from scanning / transmission electron microscopy (SEM / TEM), the elongated-cylindrical PNWs acquired at 20 mM of SDS were chosen to execute cell viability assay, which showed that they had no toxicity but with good-biocompatibility at the doses ≤ 50 μg/ml. These results indicate that the PNWs prepared by this facile-green and low-toxic strategy can potentially work as promising biomaterials in the biomedicine field.
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14
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Shagolsem LS. Ring and Linear Copolymer Blends under Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1306-1314. [PMID: 29261304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of dense mixtures of two topologically different diblock copolymer (CP) chains, viz., linear (L)-CP and ring (R)-CP of the same molecular weight, which form lamellae is studied under confinement by two nonselective substrates. The effect of varying interaction strength between L-CP and R-CP from purely repulsive (demixed state) to weakly attractive (mixed state) on the morphology, domain size, chain conformations, and distribution of chains in the film is investigated. In the demixed state, collective structure factor S(q) shows a split of the predominant peak indicating the presence of two dominant length scales, while there is only one predominant peak in the mixed state, and hence a lamellar structure with single domain size. We show that the peak position q* of S(q) can be varied with the L/R interaction strength and thus allows one to control domain size by tuning L/R interaction strength without altering the chain size. We further characterize the chain size and illustrate that this domain size variation is a consequence of the variation in the size of L-CPs. Furthermore, results on the average instantaneous shape of R/L-CP reveal that their shapes are very different both in bulk and near the substrate, and R-CP assumes an oblate shape near the substrate. This shape/size difference leads to the segregation of R-CPs near the polymer-substrate interface and hence a relatively higher density of R-CPs at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin S Shagolsem
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Manipur , Imphal 795004, India
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15
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Kelly GM, Haque FM, Grayson SM, Albert JNL. Suppression of Melt-Induced Dewetting in Cyclic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M. Kelly
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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16
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Gartner TE, Kubo T, Seo Y, Tansky M, Hall LM, Sumerlin BS, Epps TH. Domain Spacing and Composition Profile Behavior in Salt-Doped Cyclic vs Linear Block Polymer Thin Films: A Joint Experimental and Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Youngmi Seo
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Maxym Tansky
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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17
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Zaremski MY. Kinetic features of pseudoliving radical polymerization under conditions of reversible inhibition by nitroxide radicals. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238215010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Kipnusu WK, Elmahdy MM, Mapesa EU, Zhang J, Böhlmann W, Smilgies DM, Papadakis CM, Kremer F. Structure and Dynamics of Asymmetric Poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer under 1D and 2D Nanoconfinement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12328-12338. [PMID: 25660102 DOI: 10.1021/am506848s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of 1- and 2-dimensional (2D) confinement on the structure and dynamics of poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) P(S-b-I) diblock copolymer is investigated by a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS), and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). 1D confinement is achieved by spin coating the P(S-b-I) to form nanometric thin films on silicon substrates, while in the 2D confinement, the copolymer is infiltrated into cylindrical anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores. After dissolving the AAO matrix having mean pore diameter of 150 nm, the SEM images of the exposed P(S-b-I) show straight nanorods. For the thin films, GISAXS and AFM reveal hexagonally packed cylinders of PS in a PI matrix. Three dielectrically active relaxation modes assigned to the two segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks and the normal mode of the latter are studied selectively by BDS. The dynamic glass transition, related to the segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks, is independent of the dimensionality and the finite sizes (down to 18 nm) of confinement, but the normal mode is influenced by both factors with 2D geometrical constraints exerting greater impact. This reflects the considerable difference in the length scales on which the two kinds of fluctuations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliffe K Kipnusu
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahdy M Elmahdy
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ‡Department of Physics, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel U Mapesa
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Winfried Böhlmann
- §Institute for Experimental Physics II, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- ∥Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Shishkan O, Zamfir M, Gauthier MA, Börner HG, Lutz JF. Complex single-chain polymer topologies locked by positionable twin disulfide cyclic bridges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1570-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Aissou K, Nunns A, Manners I, Ross CA. Square and rectangular symmetry tiles from bulk and thin film 3-miktoarm star terpolymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4077-4084. [PMID: 23824947 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The directed self assembly of a 3-miktoarm star terpolymer (polyisoprene-arm-polystyrene-arm-polyferrocenylethylmethylsilane (3μ-ISF)) into a (4.8²) square symmetry Archimedean tiling pattern is described. Bulk samples of 3μ-ISF generate equilibrium columnar (4.8²) tile patterns (symmetry p 4 mm) on annealing, which is preceded by a metastable c 2 mm centered rectangular structure. In contrast, in thin films of 3μ-ISF blended with PS homopolymer, the c 2 mm phase is stable with columns oriented out of plane when the film thickness is below 50 nm. However, the 3μ-ISF/homopolymer blend rapidly forms a p 4 mm symmetry when the film thickness is ∼80 nm, with grain sizes of several μm and excellent order. Defects in the p 4 mm structure are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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21
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Gu W, Xu J, Kim JK, Hong SW, Wei X, Yang X, Lee KY, Kuo DS, Xiao S, Russell TP. Solvent-assisted directed self-assembly of spherical microdomain block copolymers to high areal density arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3677-3682. [PMID: 23666897 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication process for 5 Tb/in(2) bit patterns using solvent-assisted directed self-assembly is investigated. The N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent vapor-annealing method was used to achieve good long-range lateral ordering of low-molecular-weight polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane with a lattice spacing of 11 nm on flat Si substrates, PS modified substrates and lithographically patterned substrates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Gu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, 120 Governors Drive, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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22
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Nunns A, Ross CA, Manners I. Synthesis and Bulk Self-Assembly of ABC Star Terpolymers with a Polyferrocenylsilane Metalloblock. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302602u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nunns
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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23
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Aissou K, Choi HK, Nunns A, Manners I, Ross CA. Ordered nanoscale Archimedean tilings of a templated 3-miktoarm star terpolymer. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:835-839. [PMID: 23343324 DOI: 10.1021/nl400006c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly of 3-miktoarm star terpolymer chains (polyisoprene-arm-polystyrene-arm-polyferrocenylethylmethylsilane (3 μ-ISF)) into 2D Archimedean tilings is described. A morphological change from (4.8(2)) to (6(3)) tiling is reported in the 3 μ-ISF thin film blended with PS homopolymer when a greater swelling of PI is achieved during the solvent annealing process. Highly oriented (4.8(2)) tilings were produced by templating the self-assembled three colored structures in blended thin films. The use of (4.8(2)) and (6(3)) tilings as nanolithographic masks to transfer square and triangular hole arrays into the substrate is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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25
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Lee CU, Smart TP, Guo L, Epps TH, Zhang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Cyclic Diblock Copolypeptoids from N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Zwitterionic Polymerization of N-Substituted N-carboxyanhydride. Macromolecules 2011; 44:9574-9585. [PMID: 22247571 PMCID: PMC3255090 DOI: 10.1021/ma2020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated ring-opening polymerization of N-decylN-carboxylanhydride monomer (De-NCA) has been shown to occur in a controlled manner, yielding cyclic poly(N-decyl-glycine)s (c-PNDGs) with polymer molecular weights (MW) between 4.8 and 31 kg·mol(-1) and narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI < 1.15). The reaction exhibits pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to monomer concentration. The polymer MW increases linearly with conversion, consistent with a living polymerization. ESI MS and SEC analysesconfirm the cyclic architectures of the forming polymers. DSC and WAXS studies reveal that the c-PNDG homopolymers are highly crystalline with two prominent first order transitions at 72-79°C (T(m,1)) and 166-177°C (T(m,2)), which have been attributed to the side chain and main chain melting respectively. A series of amphiphilic cyclic diblock copolypeptoids [i.e.,poly(N-methyl-glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl-glycine) (c-PNMG-b-PNDG)] with variable molecular weight and composition was synthesized by sequential NHC-mediated polymerization of the corresponding N-methyl N-carboxyanhydride (Me-NCA) and De-NCA monomers. (1)H NMR analysis reveals that adjusting the initial monomer to NHC molar ratio can readily control the block copolymer chain length and composition. Time-lapsed light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) analysis of c-PNDG-b-PNMG samples revealed that the amphiphilic cyclic block copolypeptoids self-assemble into spherical micelles that reorganize into micron-long cylindrical micelles with uniform diameter in room temperature methanol over the course of several days. An identical morphological transition has also been noted for the linear analogs, which occurs more rapidly than for the cyclic copolypeptoids. We tentatively attribute this difference to the different crystallization kinetics of the solvophobic block (i.e., PNDG) in the cyclic and linear block copolypeptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas P. Smart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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26
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Zhang G, Fan Z, Yang Y, Qiu F. Phase behaviors of cyclic diblock copolymers. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:174902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3657437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Shin EJ, Brown HA, Gonzalez S, Jeong W, Hedrick JL, Waymouth RM. Zwitterionic Copolymerization: Synthesis of Cyclic Gradient Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6388-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Shin EJ, Brown HA, Gonzalez S, Jeong W, Hedrick JL, Waymouth RM. Zwitterionic Copolymerization: Synthesis of Cyclic Gradient Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Holoubek J, Baldrian J, Hromádková J, Steinhart M. Self-assembled structures in polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-blend-polystyrene and polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-blend-polystyrene or -blend-poly(methyl methacrylate) in the strong segregation regime. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Giacomelli C, Schmidt V, Aissou K, Borsali R. Block copolymer systems: from single chain to self-assembled nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15734-15744. [PMID: 20364859 DOI: 10.1021/la100641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of macromolecular engineering applied to the fabrication of nanostructured materials using block copolymer chains as elementary building blocks are described in this feature article. By highlighting some of our work in the area and accounting for the contribution of other groups, we discuss the relationship between the physical-chemical properties of copolymer chains and the characteristics of nano-objects originating from their self-assembly in solution and in bulk, with emphasis on convenient strategies that allow for the control of composition, functionality, and topology at different levels of sophistication. In the case of micellar nanoparticles in solution, in particular, we present approaches leading to morphology selection via macromolecular architectural design, the functionalization of external solvent-philic shells with biomolecules (polysaccharides and proteins), and the maximization of micelle loading capacity by the suitable choice of solvent-phobic polymer segments. The fabrication of nanomaterials mediated by thin block copolymer films is also discussed. In this case, we emphasize the development of novel polymer chain manipulation strategies that ultimately allow for the preparation of precisely positioned nanodomains with a reduced number of defects via block-selective chemical reactivity. The challenges facing the soft matter community, the urgent demand to convert huge public and private investments into consumer products, and future possible directions in the field are also considered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Giacomelli
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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31
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Holoubek J, Baldrian J, Hromádková J, Steinhart M. Self-assembled structures in d
8
-polystyrene- block
-polyisoprene/polystyrene blends in the weak segregation regime: SAXS and TEM study. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Hu J, Zheng R, Wang J, Hong L, Liu G. Macrocycles from the Photochemical Coupling of Preassociated Terminal Blocks of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ronghua Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Liangzhi Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Guojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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34
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Adachi K, Honda S, Hayashi S, Tezuka Y. ATRP−RCM Synthesis of Cyclic Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801363n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Adachi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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35
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Tezuka Y, Ohtsuka T, Adachi K, Komiya R, Ohno N, Okui N. A Defect-Free
Ring Polymer: Size-Controlled Cyclic Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Consisting Exclusively of the Monomer Unit. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Haddleton DM, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M. Thermal and Morphological Behaviour of Well-Defined Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Based on Cyclohexyl and Di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Haddleton DM, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M. Synthesis of poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)-b-poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic triblock copolymers by ATRP: Condensed-phase and solution properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Xu Y, Feng J, Liu H, Hu Y. Microphase separation of star-diblock copolymer melts studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020600765003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Andreeva AS, Philippova OE, Khokhlov AR, Islamov AK, Kuklin AI. Effect of the mobility of charged units on the microphase separation in amphiphilic polyelectrolyte hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:1216-1222. [PMID: 15697263 DOI: 10.1021/la0478999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the migration of charged units on the structure of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolyte gels swollen by D(2)O was studied by small-angle neutron scattering on an example of gels of terpolymers of acrylic acid, n-dodecylacrylate, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (quenched charged units) and gels of copolymers of partially neutralized acrylic acid and n-dodecylacrylate (annealed charged units). The content of charged units did not exceed 20 mol %, so that the electrostatic repulsion was too weak to disrupt the hydrophobic domains formed by self-assembled n-dodecyl chains, which was evidenced by NMR data. It was shown that upon increasing the charge content both types of gels undergo microphase separation with the formation of hydrophobic clusters consisting of several densely packed hydrophobic domains and hydrophilic regions swollen by water, where most of the charged repeat units and counterions are located. The dimensions of the nanostructure of the gels with quenched and annealed charged groups were compared. It was shown that the size of clusters in the gels with annealed charged units is much bigger than that in the gels with the same fraction of quenched charged units. This effect was attributed to a much weaker electrostatic repulsion in the corona of the hydrophobic clusters in the gels with annealed charged groups, because the charged units repelling each other are able to move farther apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assol S Andreeva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Qian HJ, Lu ZY, Chen LJ, Li ZS, Sun CC. Computer Simulation of Cyclic Block Copolymer Microphase Separation. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0478658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Chia-Chung Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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