1
|
Schönl F, Demleitner M, Angermann J, Fässler P, Lamparth I, Rist K, Schnur T, Catel Y, Rosenfeldt S, Ruckdäschel H. Synthesis and evaluation of novel urethane macromonomers for the formulation of fracture tough 3D printable dental materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106737. [PMID: 39298873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
3D printing of materials which combine fracture toughness, high modulus and high strength is quite challenging. Most commercially available 3D printing resins contain a mixture of multifunctional (meth)acrylates. The resulting 3D printed materials are therefore brittle and not adapted for the preparation of denture bases. For this reason, this article focuses on toughening by incorporation of triblock copolymers in methacrylate-based materials. In a first step, three urethane dimethacrylates with various alkyl spacer length were synthesized in a one-pot two-step synthesis. Each monomer was combined with 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate as a monofunctional monomer and a polycaprolactone-polydimethylsiloxane-polycaprolactone triblock copolymer was added as toughener. The formation of nanostructures via self-assembly was proven by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of the triblock copolymer resulted in a strong increase in fracture toughness for all mixtures. The nature of the urethane dimethacrylate had a significant impact on fracture toughness and flexural strength and modulus of the cured materials. Most promising systems were also investigated via dynamic fatigue propagation da/dN measurements, confirming that the toughening also works under dynamic load. By carefully selecting the length of the urethane dimethacrylate spacer and the amount of block copolymer, materials with the desired physical properties could be efficiently formulated. Especially the formulation containing the medium alkyl spacer length (DMA2/PEMA) and 5 wt% BCP1 (block copolymer), exhibits excellent mechanical properties and high fracture toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schönl
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Demleitner
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jörg Angermann
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Pascal Fässler
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Iris Lamparth
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Kai Rist
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Thomas Schnur
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein.
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physical Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Y, Leng M, Yang Y, Boopathi SK, Sun G, Wooley KL. Elucidation of Substantial Differences in Ring-Opening Polymerization Outcomes from Subtle Variation of Glucose Carbonate-Based Monomer Substitution Patterns and Substituent Types. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15405-15413. [PMID: 37409894 PMCID: PMC10863030 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The substituents present upon five-membered bicyclic glucose carbonate monomers were found to greatly affect the reactivities and regioselectivities during ring-opening polymerization (ROP), which contrast in significant and interesting ways from previous studies on similar systems, while also leading to predictable effects on the thermal properties of the resulting polycarbonates. Polymerization behaviors were probed for a series of five five-membered bicyclic 2,3-glucose-carbonate monomers having 4,6-ether, -carbonate, or -sulfonyl urethane protecting groups, under catalysis with three different organobase catalysts. Irrespective of the organobase catalyst employed, regioregular polycarbonates were obtained via ROP of monomers with ether substituents, while the backbone connectivities of polymers derived from monomers with carbonate protecting groups suffered transcarbonylation reactions, resulting in irregular backbone connectivities and broad molar mass distributions. The sulfonyl urethane-protected monomers were unable to undergo organobase-catalyzed ROP, possibly due to the acidity of the proton in urethane functionality. The thermal behaviors of polycarbonates with ether and carbonate pendant groups were investigated in terms of thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg). A two-stage thermal decomposition was observed when tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) groups were employed as protecting side chains, while all other polycarbonates presented high thermal stabilities with a single-stage thermal degradation. Tg was greatly affected by side-chain bulkiness, with values ranging from 39 to 139 °C. These fundamental findings of glucose-based polycarbonates may facilitate the development of next-generation sustainable highly functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Shen
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Mingwan Leng
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Yunchong Yang
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Senthil Kumar Boopathi
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Guorong Sun
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments
of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Mei W, Zhou H, Wang J. Preparation and
UV
‐curing properties of oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Wantong Mei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Hongyong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Organic Matrix of Restorative Composites and Adhesives. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Urea dimethacrylates functionalized with bisphosphonate/bisphosphonic acid for improved dental materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
6
|
Tauscher S, Angermann J, Catel Y, Moszner N. Evaluation of alternative monomers to HEMA for dental applications. Dent Mater 2017; 33:857-865. [PMID: 28528931 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to find potential alternative monomers to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) for dental materials (self-etch adhesives and luting composites). METHODS Monomers 1-9 were tested as potential HEMA substitutes. Methacrylates 4, 5 and 6 and (N-methyl)acrylamides 7-9 were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of each monomer was studied using photo-DSC. Mixtures of monomers 1-9 with the urethane dimethacrylate UDMA (1/1: wt/wt) were formulated and cured. The water sorption and solubility of these materials were determined according to ISO 4049. Luting composites based on monomers 1-9 or on HEMA were formulated. The flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using a three-point bending setup, according to ISO 4049. Self-etch adhesives containing monomers 1-9 or HEMA were prepared and used to mediate a bond between the dental composite Tetric EvoCeram® and both dentin and enamel. The shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a Zwick universal testing machine. RESULTS Polymerizable diols 3 and 4 as well as (N-methyl)acrylamides 7-9 were found to be significantly more reactive than HEMA. Resins based on the hydrophilic monomers 3, 7 and 8 exhibited a significantly higher water sorption than the corresponding HEMA-containing material. Luting composites containing monomers 2, 3, 6 and 7 showed similar or even improved mechanical properties compared to the reference material containing HEMA. Self-etch adhesives containing monomers 4 and 9 provided significantly higher dentin SBS than the reference material. SIGNIFICANCE Some of the evaluated monomers are promising candidates for the development of HEMA-free dental materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tauscher
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Jörg Angermann
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein.
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maier M, Schmidt MS, Ringwald M, Fik CP. Highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of spatially arranged curing moieties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:372-383. [PMID: 28382175 PMCID: PMC5355936 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Six polymerizable N,N’-diacylamides containing spatially arranged N-acryl, N-allyl and/or N-alkyl groups were prepared via two-step syntheses and characterized by 1H/13C NMR-spectra, refractive index (RI) and viscosity measurements. Photo DSC measurements on activated samples provided reactivity parameters ∆Hp, Rp,max and tmax, while FTIR spectra before and after curing elucidated the underlying polymerization mechanism. Mechanical testing of the obtained polymers exhibited gradual differences in network densities, depending on the intramolecular arrangement and number of functional groups. Overall, a general building principle for highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of optimally arranged functional groups could be identified. The highest possible level of intramolecular synergism was found for low viscous N,N'-diacryloyl-N,N'-diallyl-1,4-but-2-enediamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Maier
- Dentsply Sirona Restorative, De-Trey-Str. 1, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph P Fik
- Dentsply Sirona Restorative, De-Trey-Str. 1, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsumoto K, Terashima T, Sugita T, Takenaka M, Sawamoto M. Amphiphilic Random Copolymers with Hydrophobic/Hydrogen-Bonding Urea Pendants: Self-Folding Polymers in Aqueous and Organic Media. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Matsumoto
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Sugita
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Catel Y, Dellsperger C, Moszner N. Monomers for adhesive polymers, 18. Synthesis, photopolymerization and adhesive properties of polymerizable α-phosphonooxy phosphonic acids. Des Monomers Polym 2016; 20:106-117. [PMID: 29491784 PMCID: PMC5812180 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1231043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Four polymerizable α-phosphonooxy phosphonic acids 7a, 7b, 9 and 16 were synthesized in seven steps. They were characterized by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and by high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The copolymerization of acidic monomers 7a, 7b, 9 and 16 with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was studied using a differential scanning calorimeter. Due to the presence of two acidic groups, those monomers are significantly more reactive than 10-methacryloyloxydecylphosphonic acid (MDPA) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP). Self-etch adhesives based on monomers 7a, 7b, 9 and 16 were formulated and used to mediate a bond between a dental composite and the dental hard tissues (dentin and enamel). These adhesives exhibit excellent performances and provide significantly higher dentin and enamel shear bond strength than adhesives based on MDP or MDPA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zoller A, Kockler KB, Rollet M, Lefay C, Gigmes D, Barner-Kowollik C, Guillaneuf Y. A complete kinetic study of a versatile functional monomer: acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEMA). Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study reports the complete kinetic analysis of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEMA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zoller
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Marseille
| | - Katrin B. Kockler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Marseille
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Marseille
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Marseille
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Marseille
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tauscher S, Catel Y, Moszner N. Monomers for adhesive polymers, 17.aSynthesis, photopolymerization and adhesive properties of polymerizable phosphonic acids bearing urea groups. Des Monomers Polym 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1092015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
12
|
Cinar SA, De Proft F, Avci D, Aviyente V, De Vleeschouwer F. Relationship Between the Free Radical Polymerization Rates of Methacrylates and the Chemical Properties of their Monomeric Radicals. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Duygu Avci
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Altin A, Akgun B, Buyukgumus O, Sarayli Bilgici Z, Agopcan S, Asik D, Yagci Acar H, Avci D. Synthesis and photopolymerization of novel, highly reactive phosphonated-urea-methacrylates for dental materials. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Dubé MA, Salehpour S. Applying the Principles of Green Chemistry to Polymer Production Technology. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Somaieh Salehpour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Besse V, Camara F, Voirin C, Auvergne R, Caillol S, Boutevin B. Synthesis and applications of unsaturated cyclocarbonates. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00343d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Li Z, Xiao M, Nie J. Synthesis and Photopolymerization of 2-(Acryloyloxy)ethyl Pyrrolidine-1-Carboxylate. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855508x316845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Li
- a State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xiao
- b State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- c State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China;,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karahan O, Avci D, Avİyente Vİ. Structure-reactivity relationships of alkyl α-hydroxymethacrylate derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Cramer N, Stansbury J, Bowman C. Recent advances and developments in composite dental restorative materials. J Dent Res 2011; 90:402-16. [PMID: 20924063 PMCID: PMC3144137 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510381263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite dental restorations represent a unique class of biomaterials with severe restrictions on biocompatibility, curing behavior, esthetics, and ultimate material properties. These materials are presently limited by shrinkage and polymerization-induced shrinkage stress, limited toughness, the presence of unreacted monomer that remains following the polymerization, and several other factors. Fortunately, these materials have been the focus of a great deal of research in recent years with the goal of improving restoration performance by changing the initiation system, monomers, and fillers and their coupling agents, and by developing novel polymerization strategies. Here, we review the general characteristics of the polymerization reaction and recent approaches that have been taken to improve composite restorative performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N.B. Cramer
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J.W. Stansbury
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Dept. of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - C.N. Bowman
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Dept. of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for explanatory modeling of fast reacting (meth)acrylate monomers bearing novel functionality. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 29:763-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Kilambi H, Reddy SK, Schneidewind L, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Influence of the secondary functionality on the radical-vinyl chemistry of highly reactive monoacrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Zhou H, Li Q, Shin J, Hoyle CE. Effects of Monomer Functionality and Hydrogen Bonding on the Polymerization Kinetics and Properties of Thiol−Ene Networks. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802645j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Qin Li
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Junghwan Shin
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles E. Hoyle
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berchtold KA, Hacioğlu B, Nie J, Cramer NB, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Rapid Solid-State Photopolymerization of Cyclic Acetal-Containing Acrylates. Macromolecules 2009; 42:2433-2437. [PMID: 20827437 PMCID: PMC2934781 DOI: 10.1021/ma802406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic acetal-functionalized urethane acrylate monomer is synthesized here and polymerized in a crystalline state without the polymerization kinetics being deleteriously affected by the solid state. Depending on the processing conditions, the cyclic acetal urethane acrylate monomer exists in either a metastable liquid state or a crystalline state at ambient conditions. Due to mobility restrictions, extremely poor polymerization kinetics and functional group conversions are typically achieved in solid state polymerizations. However, the solid-state photopolymerization of a cyclic acetal urethane acrylate results in nearly identical polymerization rates and ultimately higher conversion in the crystalline state than in the liquid state under otherwise identical conditions. We conclude that the crystallization process occurs in such a manner as to template the acrylic double bonds in a structure that facilitates rapid, minimally activated propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Berchtold
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop E-549, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berchtold KA, Nie J, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Reactivity of Monovinyl (Meth)Acrylates Containing Cyclic Carbonates. Macromolecules 2008; 41:9035-9043. [PMID: 20011055 DOI: 10.1021/ma801644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous diversity of materials properties available with polymers is due in large part to the ability to design structures from the monomeric state. The ease of use of comonomer mixtures only expands this versatility. While final polymer properties are obviously important in the selection or development of a material for a given purpose, for a number of applications, such as optical fiber coatings, photolithography and microelectronics, the additional requirement of a very rapid polymerization process may be equally critical. A class of unusually reactive mono-(meth)acrylate monomers bearing secondary functionality that includes carbonates, carbamates and oxazolidones, has been demonstrated but not fully explained. Here, the influence of an integral cyclic carbonate functional group on (meth)acrylate photopolymerization kinetics is examined in detail with respect to monomers with a wide variety of alternative secondary functionality structure as well as in comparison to conventional mono- and di-(meth)acrylates. The kinetic results from full cure studies of several cyclic carbonate-containing monomers clearly highlight specific structural variations that effectively promote monomer reactivity. Copolymerizations with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate reflect similar dramatic kinetic effects associated with the novel monomers while partial cure homopolymerization studies reveal exceptional dark cure behavior linked to observations of uncommonly low ratios of termination to propagation rates throughout the conversion profile. Temperature effects on reaction kinetics, including both reaction rate and the individual kinetic parameters, as well as the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding interactions specifically involving the secondary functional groups are probed as a means to understand better the fundamentally interesting and practically important behavior of these monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Berchtold
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop E-549, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bowman CN, Kloxin CJ. Toward an enhanced understanding and implementation of photopolymerization reactions. AIChE J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Mechanisms, polymerization rate scaling, and oxygen inhibition with an ultra-rapid monovinyl urethane acrylate. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Yeniad B, Albayrak AZ, Olcum NC, Avci D. Synthesis and photopolymerizations of new phosphonated monomers for dental applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Rekha N, Asha SK. Synthesis and FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the UV curing kinetics of telechelic urethane methacrylate crosslinkers based on the renewable resource—Cardanol. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Lemon MT, Jones MS, Stansbury JW. Hydrogen bonding interactions in methacrylate monomers and polymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:734-46. [PMID: 17559132 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that hydrogen bonding affects a variety of monomer and polymer properties. This study focused on Bis-GMA and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) to help elucidate how the strength and nature of specific noncovalent interactions involved with these different functional dimethacrylate structures are expressed in the monomers and polymers. Hydrogen bonding interactions in monomers and comonomer mixtures as well as in appropriate model compounds were examined by FT-IR under ambient conditions, at elevated temperatures and in dilution studies. The investigation of hydrogen bonding extended to monomer viscosity, photopolymerization reaction kinetics, and polymer mechanical properties. The strength of hydrogen bonding was shown not only to be greater for Bis-GMA compared with UDMA, but there is also greater contribution from intermolecular interactions that enhance the hydrogen bonding effects. While UDMA-based polymers reach significantly higher levels of conversion compared with Bis-GMA materials, the stronger hydrogen bonding reinforcement associated with Bis-GMA appears to provide for comparable mechanical strength properties. Depending on the hydrogen bond donor functionality of a monomer as well as its neighboring functional groups, overall monomer structure and comonomers used, hydrogen bonding can favorably affect polymerization reactivity and mechanical properties, even in materials that form highly crosslinked polymeric networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianela T Lemon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei H, Lee TY, Miao W, Fortenberry R, Magers DH, Hait S, Guymon AC, Jönsson SE, Hoyle CE. Characterization and Photopolymerization of Divinyl Fumarate. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Wei
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Tai Yeon Lee
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Wujian Miao
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Ryan Fortenberry
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - David H. Magers
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Sukhendu Hait
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Allan C. Guymon
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Sonny E. Jönsson
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Charles E. Hoyle
- School of Polymer Science and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Box 4036, Clinton, Mississippi 39058; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527; and Fusion UV Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kilambi H, Reddy SK, Schneidewind L, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Copolymerization and Dark Polymerization Studies for Photopolymerization of Novel Acrylic Monomers. POLYMER 2007; 48:2014-2021. [PMID: 18360534 PMCID: PMC2034299 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The copolymerization behavior and the dark polymerization kinetics of highly reactive novel acrylic monomers were compared to traditional acrylate monomers. Copolymerization of thiol functionalities with novel acrylic monomers was characterized, and it was observed that the inclusion of secondary functionalities such as carbamates, carbonates, and cyclic carbonates, in acrylic monomers significantly alters the relative reactivity of the novel acrylates with thiols. While traditional aliphatic acrylates exhibited propagation to chain transfer ratios ranging between 0.8 (± 0.1)-1.5(± 0.2), the novel acrylates characterized by secondary functionalities exhibited much higher propagation to chain transfer ratios ranging from 2.8(± 0.2)-4(± 0.2). In the dark polymerization studies, the kinetics of the novel acrylates were evaluated following cessation of the UV light. The novel acrylates exhibited extensive polymerization in the dark compared to most traditional acrylates and diacrylates. For instance, cyclic carbonate acrylate was observed to attain 35 % additional conversion in the dark when the UV light was extinguished at 35 % conversion, whereas traditional acrylates such as hexyl acrylate attained only 3 % additional conversion when the UV light was extinguished at 35 %, and a diacrylate such as HDDA attained 15 % additional conversion when the UV light was extinguished at 40 % conversion. Also, through choice of appropriate monomers, the dark polymerization studies were performed such that the polymerization rate was approximately the same at the point the light was extinguished for all these monomers. The copolymerization and dark polymerization studies support the hypothesis that the nature of the propagating species in the novel acrylates is altered as compared to traditional acrylic monomers and polymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Kilambi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kilambi H, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Deconvoluting the Impact of Intermolecular and Intramolecular Interactions on the Polymerization Kinetics of Ultrarapid Mono(meth)acrylates. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0619839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Kilambi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0508
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiménez Z, Bounds C, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB, Zhou H, Pojman JA. Photopolymerization kinetics of ionic liquid monomers derived from the neutralization reaction between trialkylamines and acid-containing (meth)acrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Kilambi H, Konopka D, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Factors affecting the sensitivity to acid inhibition in novel acrylates characterized by secondary functionalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Kilambi H, Reddy SK, Schneidewind L, Lee TY, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Design, Development and Evaluation of Monovinyl Acrylates Characterized by Secondary Functionalities as Reactive Diluents to Diacrylates. Macromolecules 2007; 40:6112-6118. [PMID: 18776947 PMCID: PMC2529465 DOI: 10.1021/ma062708p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the design and development of novel monovinylic (meth)acrylate monomers with enhanced polymerization kinetics and the evaluation of their performance as reactive diluents in diacrylate systems. Novel (meth)acrylic monomers characterized by several new secondary functionalities are developed in this study and are shown to exhibit reactivities 10-70 fold greater than traditional monoacrylates such as hexyl acrylate. These monomers were designed based on our understanding of interactions between monomer structure, polymerizations kinetics, and polymer properties. Performance of these monovinyl monomers as reactive diluents is also investigated in this study. Copolymerization of these monomers with diacrylates enhanced both the reactivity and the mechanical properties of the diacrylate system. Specifically, while copolymerization of a diacrylate system with traditional monoacrylates such as hexyl acrylate decreases the overall reactivity of the system, its copolymerization with the novel monomers led to comonomer mixtures, that were 30-50% more reactive than either of the individual components, with initial polymerization rates increased by as much as 2 times the more reactive component. Further, the copolymerization of these novel monovinyl systems with diacrylates also enabled formation of polymers with enhanced mechanical properties over the corresponding diacrylates including a more homogeneous network structure as indicated by a glass transition temperature that was narrowed by up to 55 % while increasing the glass transition temperature by as much as 10°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Kilambi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
| | - Sirish K. Reddy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
| | - Lauren Schneidewind
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
| | - Tai Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
- Department of Craniofacial Biology University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, CO 80045-0508,Fax:303.494.4341,
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, Fax: 303.492.4341
- Department of Craniofacial Biology University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Aurora, CO 80045-0508,Fax:303.494.4341,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou H, Li Q, Lee TY, Guymon CA, Jönsson ES, Hoyle CE. Photopolymerization of Acid Containing Monomers: Real-Time Monitoring of Polymerization Rates. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Qin Li
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Tai Y. Lee
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - E. Sonny Jönsson
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Charles E. Hoyle
- School of Polymer Sciences and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Fusion UV-Curing Systems, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rydholm AE, Reddy SK, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Controlling Network Structure in Degradable Thiol−Acrylate Biomaterials to Tune Mass Loss Behavior. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2827-36. [PMID: 17025359 DOI: 10.1021/bm0603793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Degradable thiol-acrylate materials were synthesized from the mixed-mode polymerization of a diacrylate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) monomer with thiol monomers of varying functionalities to control the final network structure, ultimately influencing the material's degradation behavior and properties. The influence of the concentration of thiol groups and monomer functionality on the mass loss profiles were examined experimentally and theoretically. Mass loss behavior was also predicted for networks with varying extents of cyclization, PEG molecular weight, and backbone chain length distributions. Experimental results indicate that increasing the thiol concentration from 10 to 50 mol % shifted the reverse gelation time from 35 to 8 days and the extent of mass loss at reverse gelation from 75 to 40%. Similarly, decreasing the thiol functionality from 4 to 1 shifted the reverse gelation time from 18 to 8 days and the mass loss extent at reverse gelation from 70 to 45%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Rydholm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Deepak VD, Rajan J, Asha SK. Hydrogen bonding and rate enhancement in the photoinduced polymerization of telechelic urethane methacrylates based on a cycloaliphatic system: Tricyclodecane dimethanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
39
|
Roper TM, Lee TY, Guymon CA, Hoyle CE. In Situ Characterization of Photopolymerizable Systems Using a Thin-Film Calorimeter. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051586i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Roper
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Tai Yeon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Charles E. Hoyle
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beckel ER, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Evaluation of a Potential Ionic Contribution to the Polymerization of Highly Reactive (Meth)acrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Beckel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424; Anteon Corporation, 5100 Springfield Pike, Suite 509, Dayton, Ohio 45433; and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424; Anteon Corporation, 5100 Springfield Pike, Suite 509, Dayton, Ohio 45433; and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424; Anteon Corporation, 5100 Springfield Pike, Suite 509, Dayton, Ohio 45433; and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rydholm AE, Bowman CN, Anseth KS. Degradable thiol-acrylate photopolymers: polymerization and degradation behavior of an in situ forming biomaterial. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4495-506. [PMID: 15722118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Degradable thiol-acrylate photopolymers are a new class of biomaterials capable of rapidly polymerizing under physiological conditions upon exposure to UV light, with or without added photoinitiators, and to depths exceeding 10 cm. These materials are formed in situ, and the versatility of their chemistry affords a high degree of control over the final material properties. For example, variations in monomer mole fractions directly affect the final network molecular structure, varying the time required to achieve complete mass loss from 25 to 100 days, the molecular weight distributions of the degradation products, and the swelling ratios and compressive moduli throughout degradation. Additionally, varying the mole fraction of multifunctional thiol monomer in the initial reaction mixture controls the concentration of reactive sites in the network available for post-polymerization modification of the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Rydholm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Engineering Center, University of Colorado, Room ECCH 111, Campus Box 424, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kilambi H, Beckel ER, Berchtold KA, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Influence of molecular dipole on monoacrylate monomer reactivity. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
43
|
Lu H, Stansbury JW, Nie J, Berchtold KA, Bowman CN. Development of highly reactive mono-(meth)acrylates as reactive diluents for dimethacrylate-based dental resin systems. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1329-36. [PMID: 15482820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive diluents such as triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) have been widely used with bisphenol-A-glycidyl-dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) to achieve restorative resins with appropriate viscosity and higher conversion. However, additional water sorption and polymerization shrinkage were also introduced. The aim of this work is to investigate whether the cure and material properties can be improved in dental resins containing novel mono-(meth)acrylates as reactive diluents so that these Bis-GMA-based copolymers have reduced polymerization shrinkage but higher overall double bond conversion. Several ultra-high-reactivity mono-(meth)acrylates that contain secondary functionalities have been synthesized and investigated. The polymerization rate and double bond conversion were monitored using photo-FTIR. Polymerization shrinkage, dynamic mechanical analysis, and flexural strength were characterized. Compared with the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA control, the Bis-GMA/mono-methacrylate systems studied showed higher final conversions, faster curing rates, and decreased polymerization shrinkage. Our optimum system Bis-GMA/morpholine carbamate methacrylate achieved 86% final conversion (vs. 65%), a polymerization rate 3.5 times faster, and a 30% reduction in polymerization volumetric shrinkage. These results indicate that certain highly reactive, novel mono-(meth)acrylates possess very promising potential to replace TEGDMA as reactive diluents and can readily be applied to develop superior dental resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Johnson PM, Reynolds TB, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. High throughput kinetic analysis of photopolymer conversion using composition and exposure time gradients. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
45
|
Beckel ER, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Effect of Aliphatic Spacer Substitution on the Reactivity of Phenyl Carbamate Acrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048359l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Beckel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| |
Collapse
|