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Covelli V, Cozzolino A, Rizzo P, Rodriquez M, Vestuto V, Bertamino A, Daniel C, Guerra G. Salicylic Acid Release from Syndiotactic Polystyrene Staple Fibers. Molecules 2023; 28:5095. [PMID: 37446756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Films and fibers of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), being amorphous or exhibiting nanoporous crystalline (NC) or dense crystalline phases, were loaded with salicylic acid (SA), a relevant non-volatile antimicrobial molecule. In the first section of the paper, sPS/SA co-crystalline (CC) δ form is characterized, mainly by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The formation of sPS/SA δ CC phases allows the preparation of sPS fibers even with a high content of the antibacterial guest, which is also retained after repeated washing procedures at 65 °C. A preparation procedure starting from amorphous fibers is particularly appropriate because involves a direct formation of the CC δ form and a simultaneous axial orientation. The possibility of tuning drug amount and release kinetics, by simply selecting suitable crystalline phases of a commercially available polymer, makes sPS fibers possibly useful for many applications. In particular, fibers with δ CC forms, which retain SA molecules in their crystalline phases, could be useful for antimicrobial textiles and fabrics. Fibers with the dense γ form which easily release SA molecules, because they are only included in their amorphous phases, could be used for promising SA-based preparations for antibacterial purposes in food processing and preservation and public health. Finally, using a cell-based assay system and antibacterial tests, we investigated the cellular activity, toxicity and antimicrobial properties of amorphous, δ CC forms and dense γ form of sPS fibers loaded with different contents of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Covelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Manuela Rodriquez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Christophe Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Segregation of Benzoic Acid in Polymer Crystalline Cavities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010177. [PMID: 36616527 PMCID: PMC9823889 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoic acid (BA) and its derivatives are very attractive because of their pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, radical-regulating, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal. Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO) films exhibiting co-crystalline phases with BA were prepared and characterized by WAXD, FTIR and polarized FTIR measurements. The FTIR measurements clearly showed that BA was present mainly as a dimer in the crystalline channels of the ε form of sPS as well as in the α form of PPO, as generally occurs not only in the solid state but also in organic dilute solutions. BA was instead present as isolated molecules in the crystalline cavities of the δ form of sPS. In fact, the FTIR spectra of BA guest molecules exhibited vibrational peaks close to those of BA in its vapor phase. Hence, the nanoporous-crystalline δ form of sPS not only avoids additive aggregation but also leads to the separation of dimeric molecules and the segregation of monomeric BA.
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Isolated and aggregated carvacrol guest molecules in cocrystalline poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide films. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rizzo P, Cozzolino A, Guerra G. Chemical Stabilization of Hexanal Molecules by Inclusion as Guests of Nanoporous-Crystalline Syndiotactic Polystyrene Crystals. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonietta Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Giuffrè A, Louadj L, Rizzo P, Poiana M, Sicari V. Packaging and storage condition affect the physicochemical properties of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L., cv. Erika). Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shaiju P, Murthy NS, Gowd EB. Nonsolvent-induced morphological changes and nanoporosity in poly(l-lactide) films. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1492-1498. [PMID: 29404553 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of a nonsolvent in controlling the crystallization and morphology of solvent-crystallized poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) films was investigated using various microscopy techniques and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). PLLA films crystallized in THF and acetone had 40-80 μm spherulites. When water was present in the solvent, a completely different morphology was observed with nanosized voids and the surfaces of the films were smooth. In contrast, SEM studies revealed that the films crystallized in acetone and THF which had macroporous structures, had larger voids and film surfaces were rough because of the presence of globular structures. Voids appeared within the spherulites in the THF/water treated film, whereas crystals nucleated at the surface of the nanosized voids in acetone/water treated PLLA films. The formation of such voids is attributed to the interface-enhanced crystal nucleation in a solvent/nonsolvent system where the nonsolvent increases the polymer crystal nucleation and the subsequent evaporation of the nonsolvent. The method described in this work can be extended to other polymers to control the morphologies of polymer films during solvent-induced crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shaiju
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
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Rizzo P, Cozzolino A, Albunia AR, Giuffrè AM, Sicari V, Di Maio L, Daniel C, Venditto V, Galimberti M, Mensitieri G, Guerra G. Packaging technology for improving shelf-life of fruits based on a nanoporous-crystalline polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- NanoActive Film s.r.l; Fisciano Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Antonietta Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Alexandra R. Albunia
- NanoActive Film s.r.l; Fisciano Italy
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Strasse 25; Linz 4021 Austria
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- Department of Agraria; University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria; Salita Melissari Reggio Calabria 89124 Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sicari
- Department of Agraria; University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria; Salita Melissari Reggio Calabria 89124 Italy
| | - Luciano Di Maio
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano SA 84084 Italy
| | - Christophe Daniel
- NanoActive Film s.r.l; Fisciano Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Vincenzo Venditto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- NanoActive Film s.r.l; Fisciano Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7; Milan 20131 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering; University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80; Naples 80125 Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- NanoActive Film s.r.l; Fisciano Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit; University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
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Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Yang J, Wang D. Investigation on the overlapping bands of syndiotactic polystyrene by using 2D-IR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rizzo P, Lepera E, Guerra G. Enantiomeric guests with the same signs of chiral optical responses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8185-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chiral response of non-racemic molecules, being guests of s-PS co-crystalline films, does not depend on their R or S molecular chirality but essentially only on the polymer host supramolecular chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eugenia Lepera
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università della Calabria
- Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Rizzo P, Ianniello G, Albunia AR, Acocella MR, Guerra G. Disordered Nanoporous Crystalline Modifications of Syndiotactic Polystyrene. J SOLUTION CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-013-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Albunia AR, Rizzo P, Guerra G. Control of guest transport in polymer films by structure and orientation of nanoporous-crystalline phases. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Rizzo P, Albunia AR, Guerra G. Syndiotactic Polystyrene Films with Different Uniplanar Orientations: Additional Information on Crystal Phase Transitions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Albunia AR, Rizzo P, Coppola M, De Pascale M, Guerra G. Azobenzene isomerization in polymer co-crystalline phases. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Guerra G, Daniel C, Rizzo P, Tarallo O. Advanced materials based on polymer cocrystalline forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Albunia AR, Rizzo P, Guerra G. Two Different Uniplanar–Axial Orientations of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200806x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Albunia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Rizzo P, Albunia AR. Syndiotactic Polystyrene Films: Orientation and Structural Changes Upon Biaxial Drawing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Albunia AR, Oliva P, Grassi A. Interactions of Volatile Organic Compounds with Syndiotactic Polystyrene Crystalline Nanocavities. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:443-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Albunia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, INSTM and NANOMATES Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Mellilo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Patrizia Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica, INSTM and NANOMATES Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Mellilo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, INSTM and NANOMATES Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Mellilo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Rizzo P, Beltrani M, Guerra G. Induced vibrational circular dichroism and polymorphism of syndiotactic polystyrene. Chirality 2010; 22 Suppl 1:E67-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Christophe Daniel
- Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Molecular sensing by nanoporous crystalline polymers. SENSORS 2009; 9:9816-57. [PMID: 22303150 PMCID: PMC3267198 DOI: 10.3390/s91209816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical sensors are generally based on the integration of suitable sensitive layers and transducing mechanisms. Although inorganic porous materials can be effective, there is significant interest in the use of polymeric materials because of their easy fabrication process, lower costs and mechanical flexibility. However, porous polymeric absorbents are generally amorphous and hence present poor molecular selectivity and undesired changes of mechanical properties as a consequence of large analyte uptake. In this contribution the structure, properties and some possible applications of sensing polymeric films based on nanoporous crystalline phases, which exhibit all identical nanopores, will be reviewed. The main advantages of crystalline nanoporous polymeric materials with respect to their amorphous counterparts are, besides a higher selectivity, the ability to maintain their physical state as well as geometry, even after large guest uptake (up to 10-15 wt%), and the possibility to control guest diffusivity by controlling the orientation of the host polymeric crystalline phase. The final section of the review also describes the ability of suitable polymeric films to act as chirality sensors, i.e., to sense and memorize the presence of non-racemic volatile organic compounds.
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Torres FJ, Civalleri B, Meyer A, Musto P, Albunia AR, Rizzo P, Guerra G. Normal Vibrational Analysis of the Syndiotactic Polystyrene s(2/1)2 Helix. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5059-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809043w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Torres
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Civalleri
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessio Meyer
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alexandra R. Albunia
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers (ICTP), National Research Council of Italy, via Campi Flegrei, 34, Olivetti Building, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Torres FJ, Civalleri B, Pisani C, Musto P, Albunia AR, Guerra G. Normal Vibrational Analysis of a trans-Planar Syndiotactic Polystyrene Chain. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6327-35. [PMID: 17518497 DOI: 10.1021/jp072257q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The full vibrational spectra of alpha and beta crystalline phases of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), that is, phases presenting the trans-planar conformation, have been experimentally determined and compared with that calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory for an infinite trans-planar chain. The normal vibrational analysis of most representative modes of the periodic model allowed us to give a general description of each one, which was further confirmed by the direct inspection of mode animations. An assignment of the different modes was performed in terms of frequency, relative intensity, and direction of the transition-moment vector of the observed IR peaks as well as Raman vibrational frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Torres
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italia
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Galdi N, Albunia AR, Oliva L, Guerra G. Selective Molecular−Complex Phase Formation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with a Styrene Dimer. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062169o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Galdi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | | | - Leone Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Albunia AR, Musto P, Guerra G. FTIR spectra of pure helical crystalline phases of syndiotactic polystyrene. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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