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Zhang X, Rao Q, Qiu Z, Lin Y, Zhang L, Hu Q, Chen T, Ma Z, Gao H, Luo D, Zhao J, Ouyang D, Zhang ZJ, Li Q. Using Acetone/Water Binary Solvent to Enhance the Stability and Bioavailability of Spray Dried Enzalutamide/HPMC-AS Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1160-1171. [PMID: 33049259 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a facile approach, by adjusting the solvent ratio of water/acetone binary mixture, to alter the intermolecular interactions between Enzalutamide (ENZ) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) for spray drying process, which can be readily implemented to produce spray-dried dispersions (SDD) with enhanced stability and bioavailability. The prepared SDD of ENZ/HPMC-AS were examined systematically in terms of particle size, morphology, dissolution, solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Our results show that the introduction of water (up to 30% volume fraction) can effectively reduce the hydrodynamic diameter of HPMC-AS from approximately 220 nm to 160 nm (a reduction of c.a. 20%), which increases the miscibility of the drug and polymer, delaying or inhibiting the crystallization of ENZ during the spray drying process, resulting in a homogeneous amorphous phase. The benefits of using acetone/water binary mixture were subsequently evidenced by an increased specific surface area, improved dissolution profile and relative bioavailability, enhanced stability, and elevated drug release rate. This fundamental finding underpins the great potential of using binary mixture for spray drying process to process active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are otherwise challenging to handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Rao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hanlu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Dandong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qingguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Polymeric Nanocarriers. BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO NANOSCALE PARTICLES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12461-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bartenstein JE, Liu X, Lange K, Claesson PM, Briscoe WH. Polymersomes at the solid-liquid interface: Dynamic morphological transformation and lubrication. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 512:260-271. [PMID: 29073467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymersomes are hollow spheres self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers of certain molecular architecture. Whilst they have been widely studied for biomedical applications, relatively few studies have reported their interfacial properties. In particular, lubrication by polymersomes has not been previously reported. Here, interfacial properties of polymersomes self-assembled from poly(butadiene)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PBD-PEO; molecular weight 10,400 g mol-1) have been studied at both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Their morphology at silica and mica surfaces was imaged with quantitative nanomechanical property mapping atomic force microscopy (QNM AFM), and friction and surface forces they mediate under confinement between two surfaces were studied using colloidal probe AFM (CP-AFM). We find that the polymersomes remained intact but adopted flattened conformation once adsorbed to mica, with a relatively low coverage. However, on silica these polymersomes were unstable, rupturing to form donut shaped residues or patchy bilayers. On a silica surface hydrophobized with a 19 nm polystyrene (PS) film, the polymer vesicles formed a more stable layer with a higher surface coverage as compared to the hydrophilic surface, and the interfacial structure also evolved over time. Moreover, friction was greatly reduced on hydrophobized silica surfaces in the presence of polymersomes, suggesting their potential as effective aqueous lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Bartenstein
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas Väg 51, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Lange
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Per M Claesson
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas Väg 51, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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Habel J, Ogbonna A, Larsen N, Schulte L, Almdal K, Hélix-Nielsen C. How molecular internal-geometric parameters affect PB-PEO polymersome size in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Habel
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anayo Ogbonna
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nanna Larsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter; Ole Maaløes Vej 5 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars Schulte
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
- Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Maribor; Smetanova Ulica 17 2000 Maribor Slovenia
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Habel J, Ogbonna A, Larsen N, Cherré S, Kynde S, Midtgaard SR, Kinoshita K, Krabbe S, Jensen GV, Hansen JS, Almdal K, Hèlix-Nielsen C. Selecting analytical tools for characterization of polymersomes in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present 17 techniques to analyze polymersomes, in terms of their size, bilayer properties, elastic properties or surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Habel
- Technical University of Denmark
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S
| | | | - Nanna Larsen
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen Biocenter
- 2200 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Solène Cherré
- Technical University of Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Søren Kynde
- University of Copenhagen
- Niels Bohr Institute
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | | - Koji Kinoshita
- University of Southern Denmark
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- 5230 Odense
- Denmark
| | - Simon Krabbe
- University of Copenhagen
- Department of Biology
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Technical University of Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Claus Hèlix-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S
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You Q, Chang H, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang P. Polystyrene-b-poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) Monomethyl Ether Methacrylate)-b-polystyrene Triblock Copolymers as Potential Carriers for Hydrophobic Drugs. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen Q, Vancso GJ. pH dependent elasticity of polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) vesicle shell membranes by atomic force microscopy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1704-9. [PMID: 21994204 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We assess the elastic properties of PS-b-PAA vesicle membranes under different pH values by AFM force measurements. We find that based on the shell deformation theory, the values of the estimated apparent Young's modulus of the vesicle membranes decrease as the pH of the solution increases. The onset of the decrease of E coincides with the surface pK(a) determined from ζ-potential measurements. This decrease of E at higher pH is attributed to electrostatic repulsion between the deprotonated PAA chains resulting in the thinning of the vesicle membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Shi L, Fleming CJ, Riechers SL, Yin NN, Luo J, Lam KS, Liu GY. High-Resolution Imaging of Dendrimers Used in Drug Delivery via Scanning Probe Microscopy. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2011:254095. [PMID: 21773043 PMCID: PMC3134836 DOI: 10.1155/2011/254095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers and telodendrimer micelles represent two new classes of vehicles for drug delivery that have attracted much attention recently. Their structural characterization at the molecular and submolecular level remains a challenge due to the difficulties in reaching high resolution when imaging small particles in their native media. This investigation offers a new approach towards this challenge, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). By using new sample preparation protocols, this work demonstrates that (a) intramolecular features such as drug molecules and dendrimer termini can be resolved; and (b) telodendrimer micelles can be immobilized on the surface without compromising structural integrity, and as such, high resolution AFM imaging may be performed to attain 3D information. This high-resolution structural information should enhance our knowledge of the nanocarrier structure and nanocarrier-drug interaction and, therefore, facilitate design and optimization of the efficiency in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Shawn L. Riechers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nai-Ning Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Moore L, LeJeune ZM, Luces CA, Gates AT, Li M, El-Zahab B, Garno JC, Warner IM. Lysine-based zwitterionic molecular micelle for simultaneous separation of acidic and basic proteins using open tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3997-4005. [PMID: 20420412 PMCID: PMC2902365 DOI: 10.1021/ac902723n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a zwitterionic molecular micelle, poly-epsilon-sodium-undecanoyl lysinate (poly-epsilon-SUK), was synthesized and employed as a coating in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for protein separation. The zwitterionic poly-epsilon-SUK containing both carboxylic acid and amine groups can be either protonated or deprotonated depending on the pH of the background electrolyte; therefore, either an overall positively or negatively charged coating can be achieved. This zwitterionic coating allows protein separations in either normal or reverse polarity mode depending on the pH of the background electrolyte. The protein mixtures contained four basic proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, and ribonuclease A) and six acidic proteins (myoglobin, deoxyribonuclease I, beta-lactoglobulin A, beta-lactoglobulin B, alpha-lactalbumin, and albumin). Protein separations were optimized specifically for acidic (reverse mode) and basic (normal mode) pH values. Varying the polymer thickness by changing the polymer and salt concentration had a great influence on protein resolution, while nearly all peaks were also baseline resolved in both modes using the optimized poly-epsilon-SUK coating concentration of 0.4% (w/v). Proteins in human sera were separated under optimized acidic and basic conditions in order to demonstrate the general utility of this coating. Nanoscale characterizations of the poly-epsilon-SUK micellar coatings on silicon surfaces were accomplished using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to gain insight into the morphology and thickness of the zwitterionic coating. The thickness of the polymer coating ranged from 0.9 to 2.4 nm based on local measurements using nanoshaving, an AFM-based method of nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Zorabel M. LeJeune
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Candace A. Luces
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Arther T. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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SYNTHESIS OF PSt-<I>b</I>-PAA-<I>b</I>-PSt AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS VIA RAFT POLYMERIZATION AND THEIR SELF-ASSEMBLY IN IONIC LIQUID [BMIM][PF<SUB>6</SUB>]. ACTA POLYM SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2010.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Bhatt VS, Sun G, Wang PG, Palmer AF. Site-selective glycosylation of hemoglobin on Cys beta93. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2221-30. [PMID: 18925771 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) with high oxygen affinity as a potential Hb-based oxygen carrier. Site-selective glycosylation of bovine Hb was achieved by conjugating a lactose derivative to Cys 93 on the beta subunit of Hb. LC-MS analysis indicates that the reaction was quantitative, with no unmodified Hb present in the reaction product. The glycosylation site was identified by chymotrypsin digestion of the glycosylated bovine Hb followed with LC-MS/MS and from the X-ray crystal structure of the glycosylated Hb. The chemical conjugation of the lactose derivative at Cys beta93 yields an oxygen carrier with a high oxygen affinity (P(50) of 4.94 mmHg) and low cooperativity coefficient (n) of 1.20. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AFFFF) coupled with multiangle static light scattering (MASLS) was used to measure the absolute molecular weight of the glycosylated Hb. AFFFF-MASLS analysis indicates that glycosylation of Hb significantly altered the alpha(2)beta(2)-alphabeta equilibrium compared to native Hb. Subsequent X-ray analysis of the glycosylated Hb crystal showed that the covalently linked lactose derivative is sandwiched between the beta(1) and alpha(2) (and hence by symmetry the beta(2) and alpha(1)) subunits of the tetramer, and the interaction between the saccharide and amino acid residues located at the interface is apparently stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions. The resultant structural analysis of the glycosylated Hb helps to explain the shift in the alpha(2)beta(2)-alphabeta equilibrium in terms of the hydrogen bonding interactions at the beta(1)alpha(2)/beta(2)alpha(1) interface. Taken together, all of these results indicate that it is feasible to site-specifically glycosylate Hb. This work has great potential in developing an oxygen carrier with defined chemistry that can target oxygen delivery to low pO(2) tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Hofs B, Brzozowska A, de Keizer A, Norde W, Cohen Stuart M. Reduction of protein adsorption to a solid surface by a coating composed of polymeric micelles with a glass-like core. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 325:309-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Aperture, symmetry, isotropy, and compactness analysis and their correlation in spaghetti-like nanostructure dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Dhanikula RS, Hildgen P. Conformation and distribution of groups on the surface of amphiphilic polyether-co-polyester dendrimers: Effect of molecular architecture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 311:52-8. [PMID: 17391687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polyester-co-polyether (PEPE) dendrimers synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were examined to understand the influence of alterations in the architecture of dendrimers on their conformation at interfaces and distribution of various groups on their surface. Effect of changes in the number of branching points, type of terminal functional groups and generation of dendrimer was primarily evaluated. Dendrimers were deposited on mica by spin coating at 0.1 mg/mL. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed for the visualization of dendrimer topographies while, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), AFM phase and force imaging were used as the tools for characterization of their surfaces. Individual dendrimer molecules could be imaged by AFM, which showed that they are round or oval in topography. Dendrimers were also flattened on mica but the extent of flattening differed with the chemical structure; for instance, third generation dendrimers were more flattened than second generation dendrimers whereas, dendrimers with higher number of branches had greater height above the mica surface. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups present towards the aerial interface existed in distinct zones rather than being distributed randomly, except in dendrimer with higher number of branches. The percentage of various hydrophobic groups on the surface of dendrimer was enhanced by increase in the number of branches but, was lowered by the presence of hydroxyl groups as the pendant terminal groups. Furthermore, the core of dendrimers was not always located towards the centre, its position was found to be altered by the number of branching points, type of terminal functional groups and the generation of dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh Dhanikula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Pavillon Jean-Coutu, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Zhang Y, Guo S, Lu C, Liu L, Li Z, Gu J. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) triblock copolymers: Synthesis and self-assembly in aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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