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Yu Q, Liang Y, Cheng J, Chen S, Zhang A, Miao M, Zhang D. Synthesis of a Degradable High-Performance Epoxy-Ended Hyperbranched Polyester. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1350-1359. [PMID: 31457508 PMCID: PMC6640995 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Degradation and recycling of cured thermosetting epoxy resins are major challenges to the industry. Here, a low-viscosity, degradable epoxy-ended hyperbranched polyester (DEHP) is synthesized by a reaction between epichlorohydrin and a carboxyl-ended hyperbranched polyester (DCHP) obtained from an esterification between citric acid and maleic anhydride. The chemical structures of DCHP and DEHP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR. DEHP has a positive effect on reinforcing and toughening of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). With an increase in the content and molecular weight of DEHP, the mechanical performances of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites, including the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, increase first and then decrease. The improvements on the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths were 34.2-43.4%, 35.6-48.1%, and 117.9-137.8%, respectively. Moreover, the DEHP also promotes degradation of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites. The degree of degradation of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites increases with an increase of the DEHP content and molecular weight. The composites containing 12 wt % DEHP can be degraded completely in only about 2 h at about 90 °C, compared with the degradation degree (35%) of cured DGEBA, indicating good degradation and recycling properties of the DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic
Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yeyun Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic
Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Key
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic
Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Key
Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic
Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Menghe Miao
- CSIRO
Manufacturing, P.O. Box 21, Belmont, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic
Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- E-mail:
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Goldansaz H, Voleppe Q, Piogé S, Fustin CA, Gohy JF, Brassinne J, Auhl D, van Ruymbeke E. Controlling the melt rheology of linear entangled metallo-supramolecular polymers. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:762-774. [PMID: 25492131 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study in the melt the linear viscoelastic properties of supramolecular assemblies obtained by adding different amounts of nickel ions to linear entangled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) building blocks end-functionalized by a terpyridine group. We first show that the elasticity of these supramolecular assemblies is mainly governed by the entanglement dynamics of the building blocks, while the supramolecular interactions delay or suppress their relaxation. By adjusting the amount of metal ions, the relaxation time as well as the level of the low-frequency plateau of these supramolecular assemblies can be controlled. In particular, the addition of metal ions above the 1:2 metal ion/terpyridine stoichiometric ratio allows secondary supramolecular interactions to appear, which are able to link the linear supramolecular assemblies and thus, lead to the reversible gelation of the system. By comparing the rheological behavior of different linear PEO samples, bearing or not functionalized chain-ends, we show that these extra supramolecular bonds are partially due to the association between the excess of metal ions and the oxygen atoms of the PEO chains. We also investigate the possible role played by the terpyridine groups in the formation of these secondary supramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Goldansaz
- Bio and Soft Matter, IMCN, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
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van Ruymbeke E, Lee H, Chang T, Nikopoulou A, Hadjichristidis N, Snijkers F, Vlassopoulos D. Molecular rheology of branched polymers: decoding and exploring the role of architectural dispersity through a synergy of anionic synthesis, interaction chromatography, rheometry and modeling. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4762-4777. [PMID: 24705637 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An emerging challenge in polymer physics is the quantitative understanding of the influence of a macromolecular architecture (i.e., branching) on the rheological response of entangled complex polymers. Recent investigations of the rheology of well-defined architecturally complex polymers have determined the composition in the molecular structure and identified the role of side-products in the measured samples. The combination of different characterization techniques, experimental and/or theoretical, represents the current state-of-the-art. Here we review this interdisciplinary approach to molecular rheology of complex polymers, and show the importance of confronting these different tools for ensuring an accurate characterization of a given polymeric sample. We use statistical tools in order to relate the information available from the synthesis protocols of a sample and its experimental molar mass distribution (typically obtained from size exclusion chromatography), and hence obtain precise information about its structural composition, i.e. enhance the existing sensitivity limit. We critically discuss the use of linear rheology as a reliable quantitative characterization tool, along with the recently developed temperature gradient interaction chromatography. The latter, which has emerged as an indispensable characterization tool for branched architectures, offers unprecedented sensitivity in detecting the presence of different molecular structures in a sample. Combining these techniques is imperative in order to quantify the molecular composition of a polymer and its consequences on the macroscopic properties. We validate this approach by means of a new model asymmetric comb polymer which was synthesized anionically. It was thoroughly characterized and its rheology was carefully analyzed. The main result is that the rheological signal reveals fine molecular details, which must be taken into account to fully elucidate the viscoelastic response of entangled branched polymers. It is important to appreciate that, even optimal model systems, i.e., those synthesized with high-vacuum anionic methods, need thorough characterization via a combination of techniques. Besides helping to improve synthetic techniques, this methodology will be significant in fine-tuning mesoscopic tube-based models and addressing outstanding issues such as the quantitative description of the constraint release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Ruymbeke
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute on Condensed Matter and Nano-science, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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Composition and rheology of polyamide-6 obtained by using bi- and tri-functional coupling agents. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chen S, Zhang D, Jiang S, Jia D. Preparation of hyperbranched epoxy resin containing nitrogen heterocycle and its toughened and reinforced composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hillegers LT, Kapnistos M, Nijenhuis A, Slot JJM, Steeman PAM. Monte Carlo Simulation of Randomly Branched Step-Growth Polymers: Generation and Analysis of Representative Molecular Ensembles. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Žagar E, Žigon M. Aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid—Determination of structure, solution and bulk properties. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang D, Wang J, Li T, Zhang A, Jia D. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Low-Viscosity Unsaturated Hyperbranched Polyester Resin. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang D, Jia D, Chen** Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(trimellitic anhydride diethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.501627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan, China
- b College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Demin Jia
- b College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukun Chen**
- b College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Parzuchowski PG, Grabowska M, Jaroch M, Kusznerczuk M. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyesters from glycerol-based AB2monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang D, Jia D, Chen S. Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(trimellitic anhydride ethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and characterization of low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched polyester epoxy resin. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chikh L, Tessier M, Fradet A. Polydispersity of Hyperbranched Polyesters Based on 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic Acid: SEC/MALDI−TOF MS and 13C NMR/Kinetic-Recursive Probability Analysis. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chikh
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Courrier 184, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Paris, France
| | - Martine Tessier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Courrier 184, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fradet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Courrier 184, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Paris, France
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Fradet A, Tessier M. First Shell Substitution Effects in Hyperbranched Polymers: Kinetic−Recursive Probability Analysis. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070815t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fradet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Courrier 184, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7610, Paris, France
| | - Martine Tessier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Courrier 184, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7610, Paris, France
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