1
|
Chen J, Liang H, Chen H, Shen S, Yao H, Qin R, Ge Y, Huang T, Lv X. Mechanistic Study on the Influence of Wax on Hydrate Formation Process. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31173-31184. [PMID: 39035950 PMCID: PMC11256077 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
To manage the interactions between wax and hydrate formation, a comprehensive understanding of the system's thermodynamics and flow characteristics is essential. Wax and hydrates coexist under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, mutually influencing each other both thermodynamically and kinetically. This study focused on two main aspects: how wax affects the rate of hydrate formation in the oil-water system and how hydrate formation influences the thermodynamics of wax crystal precipitation. The presence of wax decreased the rate of hydrate formation, especially at higher wax contents. In systems with high wax content, over 70% of wax precipitated before hydrate formation, leading to less precipitation within the hydrate formation temperature range. With low water content, there were more nucleation sites for wax crystals in the oil phase, resulting in a greater difference in precipitation rates among different wax contents. For water content greater than 10%, the differences in precipitation rates were less significant, indicating a diminished effect of water content on wax crystal precipitation rates. Hydrates' hydrophilic nature had a limited impact on wax crystal nucleation and growth. Generally, wax crystals precipitate before hydrate formation, necessitating control measures for wax deposition during production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Huiyong Liang
- Ningbo
Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Haihong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Shi Shen
- Ningbo
Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Haiyuan Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Yang Ge
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China
- China
National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Co. LTD, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Ningbo
Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao S, Yue Y, Wang X, Feng J. Microstructure evolution during cooling and reheating of the physical gel composed of SEBS copolymer and crystallizable paraffin. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Dorsman IR, Chan DHH, Cunningham VJ, Brown SL, Williams CN, Varlas S, Armes SP. Synthesis of crystallizable poly(behenyl methacrylate)-based block and statistical copolymers and their performance as wax crystal modifiers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behenyl methacrylate-based diblock and statistical copolymers are evaluated as additives for the crystal habit modification of a model wax (n-octacosane) in n-dodecane. The statistical copolymers more strongly influence the wax crystal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella R. Dorsman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven L. Brown
- Scott Bader Company Ltd, Wollaston, Wellingborough NN29 7RL, UK
| | | | - Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashmawy AM, Yao B, Mohamed MG, Elnaggar ESM, El-Bahy SM, Hamam MF. Allyl ester-based liquid crystal flow improvers for waxy crude oils. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1981367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M. Ashmawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bo Yao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, PR China
| | - Manal G. Mohamed
- Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salah M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterization of the wax precipitation in Iranian crude oil based on wax appearance temperature (WAT): The influence of ultrasonic waves. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Application of novel hydrophobically modified polybetaines based on alkylaminocrotonates and methacrylic acid as pour point depressants and ASP flooding agent. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Li N, Mao G, Wu W, Liu Y. Effect evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate/nano-montmorillonite pour-point depressant on improving the flow properties of model oil. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Ivchenko PV, Nifant’ev IE. Polymer Depressor Additives: Synthesis, Microstructure, Efficiency. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Li N, Mao G, Shi X, Tian S, Liu Y. Advances in the research of polymeric pour point depressant for waxy crude oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1385484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - GuoLiang Mao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - XianZhi Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - ShiWei Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei B, Li H, Xue Y. A facile approach to synthesize a “star-like” material based on β-cyclodextrin for enhancing the flowability of paraffinic oils. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1176446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Jung T, Kim JN, Kang SP. Influence of polymeric additives on paraffin wax crystallization in model oils. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Binks BP, Fletcher PDI, Roberts NA, Dunkerley J, Greenfield H, Mastrangelo A, Trickett K. How polymer additives reduce the pour point of hydrocarbon solvents containing wax crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4107-17. [PMID: 25564408 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated how four different pour point depressant (PPD) polymers affect the pour point transition in mixtures of a single pure wax in a solvent. We used either n-eicosane (C20), CH3(CH2)18CH3, n-tetracosane (C24), CH3(CH2)22CH3 or n-hexatriacontane (C36), CH3(CH2)34CH3 as the wax component with either n-heptane or toluene as the solvent component. For all wax-solvent combinations, the measured variation of wax solubility with temperature is well predicted by ideal solution theory. The variation of pour point temperature as a function of the overall wax concentration is quantitatively modelled using the idea that, for each overall wax concentration, the pour point occurs at a temperature at which a critical volume fraction ϕ* of wax crystals has precipitated. Close to the pour point temperature, extraction and examination of the wax crystals show they consist of polydisperse, irregularly-shaped platelets with axial ratios (h/d, where h is the plate thickness and d is the plate long dimension) in the range 0.005-0.05. It is found that the measured ϕ* values corresponding to the pour point transitions are weakly correlated with the wax crystal axial ratios (h/d) for all wax-solvent-PPD polymer combinations. These results indicate that the pour point transition occurs at a volume fraction larger than the value at which the volumes of rotation of the platelet crystals overlap, i.e., 2.5(h/d) < ϕ* < 11(h/d). PPD polymers work, in part, by increasing the wax crystal axial ratio (h/d), thereby increasing ϕ* and reducing the pour point temperature. Since the PPD's ability to modify the wax crystal shape relies on its adsorption to the crystal-solution surface, it is anticipated and observed experimentally that optimum PPD efficacy is correlated with the difference between the wax and the polymer solubility boundary temperatures. This finding and the mechanistic insight gained here provide the basis for a simple and rapid screening test to identify candidate species likely to be effective PPDs for particular wax systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Binks
- Surfactant & Colloid Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang F, Zhao Y, Sjöblom J, Li C, Paso KG. Polymeric Wax Inhibitors and Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils: A Critical Review. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.901917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- a College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering , China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Yansong Zhao
- b Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Johan Sjöblom
- b Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Chuanxian Li
- b Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kristofer G. Paso
- b Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Sabagh AM, El-Hamouly SH, Khidr TT, El-Ghazawy RA, Higazy SA. Preparation the Esters of Oleic Acid-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer and Their Evaluation as Flow Improvers for Waxy Crude Oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.739857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Fang L, Zhang X, Ma J, Zhang B. Investigation into a Pour Point Depressant for Shengli Crude Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Botao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071,
People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Norah Maithufi M, Joubert DJ, Klumperman B. Synthesis and evaluation of comb-type copolymers prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization as possible cold flow improvers in GTL diesel fuels. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Simeone L, Mangiapia G, Irace C, Di Pascale A, Colonna A, Ortona O, De Napoli L, Montesarchio D, Paduano L. Nucleolipid nanovectors as molecular carriers for potential applications in drug delivery. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:3075-86. [PMID: 21897988 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel thymidine- or uridine-based nucleolipids, containing one hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) chain and one or two oleic acid residues (called ToThy, HoThy and DoHu), have been synthesized with the aim to develop bio-compatible nanocarriers for drug delivery and/or produce pro-drugs. Microstructural characterization of their aggregates has been determined in pure water and in pseudo-physiological conditions through DLS and SANS experiments. In all cases stable vesicles, with mean hydrodynamic radii ranging between 120 nm and 250 nm have been revealed. Biological validation of the nucleolipidic nanocarriers was ensured by evaluation of their toxicological profiles, performed by administration of the nanoaggregates to a panel of different cell lines. ToThy exhibited a weak cytotoxicity and, at high concentration, some ability to interfere with cell viability and/or proliferation. In contrast, DoHu and HoThy exhibited no toxicological relevance, behaving similarly to POPC-based liposomes, widely used for systemic drug delivery. Taken together, these results show nucleolipid-based nanocarriers as finely tunable, multi-functional self-assembling materials of interest for the in vivo transport of biomolecules or drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simeone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radulescu A, Schwahn D, Stellbrink J, Monkenbusch M, Fetters LJ, Richter D. Microstructure and morphology of self-assembling multiblock poly(ethylene-1-butene)-n copolymers in solution studied by wide-Q small-angle neutron scattering and microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang J, Zhang M, Wan J, Li W. Theoretical Study of the Prohibited Mechanism for Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate Co-polymers to the Wax Crystal Growth. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:36-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp073052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frielinghaus H. Small-angle scattering model for multilamellar vesicles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:051603. [PMID: 18233665 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A small-angle neutron-x-ray-light-scattering model for multilamellar vesicles is developed on the basis of a simple geometry. N spherical shells with radii of an arithmetic series are allowed for displacements DeltaR which are limited by DeltaR<R/N due to sterical reasons, with R being the radius of the vesicle. The model shows many properties over a large Q range which include a Guinier region, a first power law, a correlation peak, and a second power law connected to the surface properties of the bilayer. The first power law is related to the compactness of the vesicle and lies between Q(-2) for surfaces and Q(-4) for compact volumes (Porod law). The exact exponent is related to the number of shells N. The correlation peak has a maximum sharpness for rather small displacements DeltaR, but no second order peak is predicted. Only for rather large displacements the correlation peak widens up and shifts to smaller scattering angles. Then the important bilayer spacing is larger. The predictive power of the model lies in the connection of the compactness with N and in the maximum correlation peak sharpness. This model considers many length scales at a time while existing theories focus on length scales of the bilayer spacing and the bilayer itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Radulescu A, Fetters LJ, Richter D. Polymer-Driven Wax Crystal Control Using Partially Crystalline Polymeric Materials. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2007_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|