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Li J, Hu P, Zeng Z, Jin J, Wu J, Chen X, Liu J, Li Q, Chen M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lin X, Tan X. Phenanthraquinone-Doped Polymethyl Methacrylate Photopolymer for Holographic Recording. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196283. [PMID: 36234816 PMCID: PMC9570821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthraquinone-doped polymethyl methacrylate (PQ/PMMA) photopolymers are considered to be the most promising holographic storage media due to their unique properties, such as high stability, a simple preparation process, low price, and volumetric shrinkage. This paper reviews the development process of PQ/PMMA photopolymers from inception to the present, summarizes the process, and looks at the development potential of PQ/PMMA in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Po Hu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zeyi Zeng
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Junchao Jin
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qingdong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingyong Chen
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zuoyu Zhang
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.T.); Tel.: +86+591-2286-0521 (X.T.)
| | - Xiaodi Tan
- Photonics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.T.); Tel.: +86+591-2286-0521 (X.T.)
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Miloua W, Ortuño M, Navarro-Fuster V, Beléndez A, Pascual I. Adulterant Detection in Peppermint Oil by Means of Holographic Photopolymers Based on Composite Materials with Liquid Crystal. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051061. [PMID: 35267885 PMCID: PMC8914773 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction gratings are recorded in a holographic photopolymer containing nematic liquid crystal and peppermint oil. The presence of the oil modifies the polymerization and the holographic response. The composite containing oil adulterated with triethyl citrate obtains a diffraction efficiency related to the oil’s purity. The results obtained suggest the possibility of developing a holographic chemical analysis method for quality control of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Miloua
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.O.); (V.N.-F.); (A.B.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Ortuño
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.O.); (V.N.-F.); (A.B.); (I.P.)
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Navarro-Fuster
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.O.); (V.N.-F.); (A.B.); (I.P.)
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Augusto Beléndez
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.O.); (V.N.-F.); (A.B.); (I.P.)
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.O.); (V.N.-F.); (A.B.); (I.P.)
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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3
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Ishigami T, Inake Y, Tabe Y, Nonaka Y, Endo K, Nishiyama I. 2D Photopolymerization of Liquid Crystalline Langmuir Monolayers: In Situ Observation by Reflected Polarizing Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8914-8921. [PMID: 32654492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymerization of Langmuir monolayers composed of bifunctional acrylic liquid crystalline (LC) compounds was observed in situ by polarizing optical microscopy. In a dark state, monolayers of the LC compounds formed at an air-water or liquid-liquid interface exhibited liquid-like fluidity and in-plane optical anisotropy because of the coherent molecular tilt from the surface normal. Irradiated by UV light, the in-plane anisotropy and the liquid fluidity gradually disappeared with time, indicating the formation of the polymerized monolayers. Because the constituent molecules possess polymerizable acryloyl groups, under UV light, they are combined by acrylic polymer chains grown on the interface, which decreases the intermolecular distance and disturbs the coherent molecular tilt, resulting in the evanescence of the in-plane optical anisotropy and the fluidity. In contrast to the classical model of radical polymerization, the time taken for the monolayers to be photopolymerized was inversely proportional to the UV intensity, which is ascribed to the ideal two dimensionality of the reaction field. Because the polymerization degree is quantitatively estimated from the in-plane optical anisotropy of the LC monolayers, the process is traced, from moment to moment, by in situ microscopy observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ishigami
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-waseda, Shinjiku, 1690051 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inake
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-waseda, Shinjiku, 1690051 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Tabe
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-waseda, Shinjiku, 1690051 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nonaka
- DIC Corporation, 4472-1 Komuro, Ina, Kita-adachi, 3628577 Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Endo
- DIC Corporation, 4472-1 Komuro, Ina, Kita-adachi, 3628577 Saitama, Japan
| | - Isa Nishiyama
- DIC Corporation, 4472-1 Komuro, Ina, Kita-adachi, 3628577 Saitama, Japan
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4
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Fenoll S, Brocal F, Segura JD, Ortuño M, Beléndez A, Pascual I. Holographic Characteristics of Photopolymers Containing Different Mixtures of Nematic Liquid Crystals. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020325. [PMID: 30960308 PMCID: PMC6419176 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) is used to record holographic diffraction gratings. Several mixtures of nematic liquid crystals (LC) are used as components of the HPDLC to evaluate their influence in static and dynamic basic properties. The diffraction efficiency obtained in the reconstruction of the holograms is evaluated to compare the influence of the different LC. Additionally, the samples are exposed to a variable electric field and the diffracted light intensity as a function of the applied voltage is measured to evaluate the influence of the LC. The results obtained show significant differences depending on the LC incorporated to the photopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fenoll
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Francisco Brocal
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - José David Segura
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Manuel Ortuño
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Augusto Beléndez
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
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5
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Mora MP, Ramírez MG, Brocal F, Ortuño M, Beléndez A, Pascual I. Influence of Tert-Butylthiol and Tetrahydrofuran on the Holographic Characteristics of a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal: A Research Line Toward a Specific Sensor for Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E254. [PMID: 30960238 PMCID: PMC6419087 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tert-Butylthiol (TBT) and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) are odorant substances added to natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas to help their detection by the human smell. In this research, TBT and THT are incorporated into a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal and their influence in the main holographic characteristics of the photopolymer are studied in order to open the way towards the design of a holographic sensor to detect natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Mora
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Manuel G Ramírez
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Francisco Brocal
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Manuel Ortuño
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Augusto Beléndez
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain.
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6
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Additives Type Schiff's Base as Modifiers of the Optical Response in Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9070298. [PMID: 30970976 PMCID: PMC6432470 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schiff's bases with specific π-electron system have been synthesized and used as additives in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. It was observed that these substances modify different parameters such as current intensity, voltage, and diffracted light intensity. In addition, the maximum diffraction efficiency obtained in the reconstruction of the holograms is related to the additive molecule. We propose a relationship between this behavior and the molecular structure of these substances.
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7
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Tomita Y, Hata E, Momose K, Takayama S, Liu X, Chikama K, Klepp J, Pruner C, Fally M. Photopolymerizable nanocomposite photonic materials and their holographic applications in light and neutron optics. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:S1-S31. [PMID: 27594769 PMCID: PMC4986931 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1143534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of recent investigations of photopolymerizable nanocomposite photonic materials in which, thanks to their high degree of material selectivity, recorded volume gratings possess high refractive index modulation amplitude and high mechanical/thermal stability at the same time, providing versatile applications in light and neutron optics. We discuss the mechanism of grating formation in holographically exposed nanocomposite materials, based on a model of the photopolymerization-driven mutual diffusion of monomer and nanoparticles. Experimental inspection of the recorded grating's morphology by various physicochemical and optical methods is described. We then outline the holographic recording properties of volume gratings recorded in photopolymerizable nanocomposite materials consisting of inorganic/organic nanoparticles and monomers having various photopolymerization mechanisms. Finally, we show two examples of our holographic applications, holographic digital data storage and slow-neutron beam control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Tomita
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Hata
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Battery Materials Division, Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp., Hyuga, Japan
| | - Keisuke Momose
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takayama
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Katsumi Chikama
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Jürgen Klepp
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pruner
- Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Fally
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Spatial Frequency Responses of Anisotropic Refractive Index Gratings Formed in Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030188. [PMID: 28773314 PMCID: PMC5456659 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on an experimental investigation of spatial frequency responses of anisotropic transmission refractive index gratings formed in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs). We studied two different types of HPDLC materials employing two different monomer systems: one with acrylate monomer capable of radical mediated chain-growth polymerizations and the other with thiol-ene monomer capable of step-growth polymerizations. It was found that the photopolymerization kinetics of the two HPDLC materials could be well explained by the autocatalytic model. We also measured grating-spacing dependences of anisotropic refractive index gratings at a recording wavelength of 532 nm. It was found that the HPDLC material with the thiol-ene monomer gave higher spatial frequency responses than that with the acrylate monomer. Statistical thermodynamic simulation suggested that such a spatial frequency dependence was attributed primarily to a difference in the size of formed liquid crystal droplets due to different photopolymerization mechanisms.
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9
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Ni M, Peng H, Liao Y, Yang Z, Xue Z, Xie X. 3D Image Storage in Photopolymer/ZnS Nanocomposites Tailored by “Photoinitibitor”. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Guangzhou
Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511458, China
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10
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Miki M, Ohira R, Tomita Y. Optical Properties of Electrically Tunable Two-Dimensional Photonic Lattice Structures Formed in a Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film: Analysis and Experiment. MATERIALS 2014; 7:3677-3698. [PMID: 28788643 PMCID: PMC5453218 DOI: 10.3390/ma7053677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on theoretical and experimental investigations of optical wave propagations in two-dimensional photonic lattice structures formed in a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) film. In the theoretical analysis we employed the 2×2 matrix formulation and the statistical thermodynamics model to analyze the formation of anisotropic photonic lattice structures by holographic polymerization. The influence of multiple reflections inside an HPDLC film on the formed refractive index distribution was taken into account in the analysis. In the experiment we fabricated two-dimensional photonic lattice structures in an HPDLC film under three-beam interference holographic polymerization and performed optical measurements of spectral transmittances and wavelength dispersion. We also demonstrated the electrical control capability of the fabricated photonic lattice structure and its dependence on incident wave polarization. These measured results were compared with the calculated ones by means of photonic band and beam propagation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Miki
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryuichiro Ohira
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Tomita
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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11
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Experimental Conditions to Obtain Photopolymerization Induced Phase Separation Process in Liquid Crystal-Photopolymer Composite Materials under Laser Exposure. INT J POLYM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/386736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the experimental conditions necessary to obtain a photopolymerization induced phase separation process inside liquid crystal-photopolymer composite materials. Composites stored for 24 hours perform poorly in hologram recording but a good result is obtained if they are used recently prepared. We use a procedure combining heat and sonication to disarrange the liquid crystal structures formed during storage of the composite. We also propose incoherent light treatment after recording the hologram in order to evaluate if the phase separation evolved correctly during hologram recording.
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12
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Abstract
For photopolymers the compound concentrations and final thickness of the sample should be known in order to model hologram formation and introduce the reaction-diffusion kinetics of the monomer-polymer system. In principle the cell thickness can be controlled by bead spacers between the two pieces of ITO glass. In this paper we report a study of the influence of thickness on the holographic properties of this type of materials. To fit the physical and optical thickness of the samples we used the rigorous coupled wave analysis assuming an exponential decay in the refractive index modulation.
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13
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Photocure kinetics and control of LC microdroplets for acrylate-based polymer dispersed liquid crystal with different methacrylate contents. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Overmodulation Control in the Optimization of a H-PDLC Device with Ethyl Eosin as Dye. INT J POLYM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/357963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of a H-PDLC device is improved by means of a two-step method. First, component optimization—initiator system, crosslinker, and cosolvent—enables the diffraction efficiency of the hologram to be maximized. Second, the use of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in combination with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone prevents the overmodulation in photopolymers containing ethyl eosin.
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15
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PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION KINETICS AND PHOTO-RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS OF VINYL-MONOMERS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Kinetics of the grating formation in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: NMR measurement of diffusion coefficients. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Liu J, Fang H, Chien C. Solvent‐tunable colors in imprinted helical structures on polymer template via multiple UV‐induced polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui‐Hsiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Chieh Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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18
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Production of Porous Polymeric Films with Unimodal or Bimodal Pore-Size Distributions via Depressurization- and Photopolymerization-Induced Bubble Nucleation in Low-Viscosity UV-Curable Monomer/High-Pressure CO2Solutions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Hsiao VK, White TJ, Cartwright AN, Prasad PN, Guymon CA. Influence of non-reactive solvent on optical performance, photopolymerization kinetics and morphology of nanoporous polymer gratings. Eur Polym J 2010; 46:937-943. [PMID: 25544779 PMCID: PMC4276335 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A study of nanoporous polymer gratings, with controllable nanostructured porosity, as a function of grating performance, photopolymerization kinetics and morphology is presented. Modifying the standard holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) system, by including a non-reactive solvent, results in a layered, nanoporous morphology and produces reflective optical elements with excellent optical performance of broadband reflection. The addition of the non-reactive solvent in the pre-polymer mixture results in a morphology typified by void/polymer layer-by-layer structures if sufficient optical energy is used during the holographic writing process. The duration and intensity of optical exposure necessary to form well-aligned nanoporous structures can only be obtained in the modified system by (a) illumination under longer time of holographic interference patterning (30 min) or (b) illumination under very short time of holographic interference patterning (30 s) and followed by post-curing using homogeneous optical exposure for 60 min. Comparatively, a typical H-PDLC is formed in less than 1 min. To further understand the differences in the formation of these two analogous materials, the temporal dynamics of the photoinitiation and polymerization (propagation) kinetics were examined. It is shown herein that the writing exposure gives a cross-linked polymer network that is denser in the bright regions. With 60% (or even 45%) acrylate conversion, almost no free monomer would be left after the writing. Continued exposure serves primarily to add cross-links. This has the tendency to collapse the network, especially the less dense portions, which in effect get glued down to the more dense parts. To the extent that the solvent increases the mobility of the polymer network, this process will be aided. Equally important, the size of the periodic nanopores can be varied from 10 to 50 nm by controlling either the LC concentration in the pre-polymer mixture or by controlling the time of the homogeneous post-cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent K.S. Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Timothy J. White
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52446, United States
| | - Alexander N. Cartwright
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52446, United States
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Wang Q, Hiroshima H, Atobe H. A Dynamic System to evaluate the UV Shrinkage Characteristics of UV Photopolymers used for Nanoimprint. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2010. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.23.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iwata T, Suzuki K, Amaya N, Higuchi H, Masunaga H, Sasaki S, Kikuchi H. Control of Cross-Linking Polymerization Kinetics and Polymer Aggregated Structure in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystalline Blue Phases. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802464w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iwata
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Amaya
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higuchi
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sono Sasaki
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kikuchi
- NOF Corporation, 5-10 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Morphology development in photopolymerization-induced phase separated mixtures of UV-curable thiol-ene adhesive and low molecular weight solvents. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kinetics of photopolymerization-induced phase separation and morphology development in mixtures of a nematic liquid crystal and multifunctional acrylate. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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