1
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Ji S, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Lin J. Self‐assembled nanostructures of diblock copolymer films under homopolymer topcoats. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Runrong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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2
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Takano K, Nyu T, Maekawa T, Seki T, Nakatani R, Komamura T, Hayakawa T, Hayashi T. Real-time and in situ observation of structural evolution of giant block copolymer thin film under solvent vapor annealing by atomic force microscopy. RSC Adv 2019; 10:70-75. [PMID: 35492547 PMCID: PMC9047986 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An instrumentation technique for real-time, in situ and real space observation of microphase separation was proposed for ultra-high molecular weight block copolymer thin films (1010 kg mol-1, domain spacing of 180 nm) under high solvent vapor swelling conditions. This is made possible by a combination of a homebuilt chamber which is capable of supplying sufficient amount of vapor, and force-distance curve measurements which gives real-time swollen film thickness and allow active feedback for controlling the degree of swelling. We succeeded in monitoring the domain coarsening of perpendicular lamellar structures in polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films for eight hours via tapping mode imaging. During the annealing process, the thickness reached a maximum of 8.5 times that of the original film. The series of temporal real space topographic images obtained via this method allowed us to study, for the first time, the growth exponent of the correlation length under solvent vapor annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takano
- JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation 8 Chidori-cho, Naka-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 231-0815 Japan
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Nyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Maekawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Takashi Seki
- JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation 8 Chidori-cho, Naka-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 231-0815 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakatani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Takahiro Komamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- JST-PRESTO 4-1-8 Hon-cho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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3
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Mu D, Li JQ, Feng SY. One-dimensional Confinement Effect on the Self-assembly of Symmetric H-shaped Copolymers in a Thin Film. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13610. [PMID: 29051545 PMCID: PMC5648831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of a reformed symmetric H-shaped copolymer with four hydrophilic branches and one hydrophobic stem was systematically investigated. The existence of vacancies is vital to regulate the sizes of self-assembled cylinders to be able to form a hexagonal arrangement. With the introduction of horizontal-orientated confinement, a micellar structure is formed through a coalescence mechanism. The short acting distance and large influencing area of the confinement produces numerous small-sized micelles. Additionally, the cycled “contraction-expansion” change helps achieve hexagonal arrangement. In contrast, the introduction of lateral-oriented confinement with long acting distance and small influencing area cannot change the cylindrical structure. Under the fission mechanism, in which the larger cylinder splits into smaller ones, it is quite efficient to generate hierarchical-sized cylinders from larger-sized cylinders in the middle region and smaller-sized cylinders near both walls. The results indicate the possibility of regulating the characteristics of a nanomaterial by tuning the molecular structure of the copolymer and the parameters of the introduced confinement, which are closely related to the self-assembly structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mu
- Institute of Research on the Structure and Property of Matter, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Jian-Quan Li
- Opto-electronic Engineering College, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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4
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Wang D, Russell TP. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Polymer Structure and Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Block copolymer thin films: Characterizing nanostructure evolution with in situ X-ray and neutron scattering. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Su YJ, Huang JH. Self-assembly behavior of rod-coil-rod triblock copolymers within a planar slit. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Jin XS, Pang YY, Ji SX. From self-assembled monolayers to chemically patterned brushes: Controlling the orientation of block copolymer domains in films by substrate modification. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Pereira Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Biological
and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Abstract
The perspective of adding stimuli-response to isoporous membranes stimulates the development of separation devices with pores, which would open or close under control of environment chemical composition, temperature or exposure to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Madhavan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE)
- 23955-6900 Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Sutisna
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)
- 23955-6900 Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Sougrat
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
- 23955-6900 Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - S. P. Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE)
- 23955-6900 Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
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10
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Sun YS, Chen YC, Liou JY, Su FJ. Film Instability of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Thin Films Driven by Solvent Annealing and Drying. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-You Liou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Fan Jun Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
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11
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Cheng G, Perahia D. Dewetting and microphase separation in symmetric polystyrene‐
block
‐polyisoprene diblock copolymer ultrathin films. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Chemistry Department Clemson University SC 29634 USA
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Chemistry Department Clemson University SC 29634 USA
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12
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Kipnusu WK, Elmahdy MM, Mapesa EU, Zhang J, Böhlmann W, Smilgies DM, Papadakis CM, Kremer F. Structure and Dynamics of Asymmetric Poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer under 1D and 2D Nanoconfinement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12328-12338. [PMID: 25660102 DOI: 10.1021/am506848s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of 1- and 2-dimensional (2D) confinement on the structure and dynamics of poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) P(S-b-I) diblock copolymer is investigated by a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS), and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). 1D confinement is achieved by spin coating the P(S-b-I) to form nanometric thin films on silicon substrates, while in the 2D confinement, the copolymer is infiltrated into cylindrical anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores. After dissolving the AAO matrix having mean pore diameter of 150 nm, the SEM images of the exposed P(S-b-I) show straight nanorods. For the thin films, GISAXS and AFM reveal hexagonally packed cylinders of PS in a PI matrix. Three dielectrically active relaxation modes assigned to the two segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks and the normal mode of the latter are studied selectively by BDS. The dynamic glass transition, related to the segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks, is independent of the dimensionality and the finite sizes (down to 18 nm) of confinement, but the normal mode is influenced by both factors with 2D geometrical constraints exerting greater impact. This reflects the considerable difference in the length scales on which the two kinds of fluctuations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliffe K Kipnusu
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahdy M Elmahdy
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ‡Department of Physics, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel U Mapesa
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Winfried Böhlmann
- §Institute for Experimental Physics II, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- ∥Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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14
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Gu X, Gunkel I, Hexemer A, Gu W, Russell TP. An in situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering study of block copolymer thin films during solvent vapor annealing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:273-281. [PMID: 24282077 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on thin films of block copolymers during annealing in neutral solvent vapors are reported. By removing the solvent in a controlled manner, the period of the microphase separated morphology is found to increase with increasing block copolymer concentration in a power law manner with an exponent ∼ 2/3. By venting the systems at different rates during the solvent removal process, kinetically arresting the system, the period of the microphase separated morphology in the dried film can be varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Gu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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15
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Evaporation-induced morphology pattern of triblock copolymer A5B10C5 in thin film: A multibody DPD simulation study. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Local environment influence on the optical properties of block copolymers containing an epoxy-based azo-prepolymer. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Sinturel C, Vayer M, Morris M, Hillmyer MA. Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Sinturel
- Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, 1 B
rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Marylène Vayer
- Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, 1 B
rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Michael Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant
St. SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- LE STUDIUM Institute for Advanced Studies, 3D avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex
2, France
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18
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Zhang P, Wang Z, Huang H, He T. Direct Observation of the Relief Structure Formation in the Nearly Symmetric Poly(styrene)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) Diblock Copolymer Thin Film. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate
School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Polymer
Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate
School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate
School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
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19
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Surface relief terraces and self-assembled nanostructures in thin block copolymer films with solvent annealing. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Singh G, Yager KG, Smilgies DM, Kulkarni MM, Bucknall DG, Karim A. Tuning Molecular Relaxation for Vertical Orientation in Cylindrical Block Copolymer Films via Sharp Dynamic Zone Annealing. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973,
United States
| | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High
Energy Synchrotron
Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
| | - Manish M. Kulkarni
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - David G. Bucknall
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
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21
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Zhang P, Huang H, Yan D, He T. In situ study of the breakout crystallization in the poly(butadiene)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) thin film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6419-6427. [PMID: 22424394 DOI: 10.1021/la300439h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite its wide occurrence in soft confined block co-polymers, breakout crystallization remains poorly understood and is difficult to control. In this work, thin films of cylinder-forming poly(butadiene)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PB-b-PCL) diblock co-polymers, with PCL being the minority block, have been chosen as the study subject. We demonstrate a new route to study the breakout crystallization by obtaining the microphase separation structure within terraced lamellae first and then in situ tracking down the lamellar coalescence, resulting from the development of the crystal growth front. We find that the crystal growth front has sucked materials from the surrounding amorphous lamellae, which lead to the decrease of the lamellar zones and coalescence of the microphase separation structure. Dividing the breakout crystallization into parallel breakout and vertical breakout, we illustrate that it is the crystallization-driven molecular diffusion that make the molecules overcome the topography constraint and grow into large-scale spherulite. Moreover, the results show that the polymer microphase separation structure has a significant influence on the crystal nucleation and greatly retarded the crystal growth rate. With a well-designed microphase separation structure within terraces and an easily tunable atomic force microscopy in situ imaging technique, an intensive study of the breakout crystallization and concomitant microdomain coalescence has been offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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22
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Park S, Tsarkova L, Hiltl S, Roitsch S, Mayer J, Böker A. Guiding Block Copolymers into Sequenced Patterns via Inverted Terrace Formation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202616w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Park
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e. V.,
Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e. V.,
Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hiltl
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e. V.,
Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Roitsch
- Gemeinschaftslabor für
Elektronenmikroskopie, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Gemeinschaftslabor für
Elektronenmikroskopie, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e. V.,
Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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23
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McGraw JD, Rowe IDW, Matsen MW, Dalnoki-Veress K. Dynamics of interacting edge defects in copolymer lamellae. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2011; 34:1-7. [PMID: 22183640 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is known that terraces at the air-polymer interface of lamella-forming diblock copolymers do not make discontinuous jumps in height. Despite the underlying discretized structure, the height profiles are smoothly varying. The width of a transition region of a terrace edge in isolation is typically several hundreds of nanometres, resulting from a balance between surface tension, chain stretching penalties, and the enthalpy of mixing. What is less well known in these systems is what happens when two transition regions interact with one another. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of the interactions between copolymer lamellar edges. We find that the data can be well described by a model that assumes a repulsion between adjacent edges. While the model is simplistic, and does not include molecular level details, its agreement with the data suggests that some of the the underlying assumptions provide insight into the complex interplay between defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McGraw
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, ON, Hamilton, Canada
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24
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Lauter V, Müller-Buschbaum P, Lauter H, Petry W. Morphology of thin nanocomposite films of asymmetric diblock copolymer and magnetite nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:254215. [PMID: 21654048 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/25/254215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thin self-assembled nanocomposite films of an asymmetric diblock copolymer and nanoparticles are fabricated. The morphologies of the films of the diblock copolymer poly(styrene-block-n-butyl methacrylate), P(Sd-b-BMA), with different volume fractions of large magnetite Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles are studied before and after annealing. Neutron reflectometry reveals remarkable evidence that confining asymmetric copolymer to a limit of two layers forces the film, after the annealing, to form a mixed cylindrical-lamellar two-layer structure. This complex morphology is very stable and is preserved after the incorporation of nanoparticles up to 10% volume fraction. The other striking result is that the monodispersed nanoparticles with affinity to the polystyrene (PS) domain and with a size of 10 nm, which is close to the size of the PS chains, are assembled by the diblock copolymer matrix, so the distribution of the nanoparticles is reduced solely to the PS domain of the film. Our studies demonstrate that for asymmetric block copolymers in thin film geometry the self-assembly is strongly influenced by the interfacial and surface energies of the blocks and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lauter
- Spallation Neutron Source, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6475, USA.
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25
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Gallyamov MO. Scanning Force Microscopy as Applied to Conformational Studies in Macromolecular Research. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1210-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Surface behavior of a model surfactant: A theoretical simulation study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 348:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kriksin YA, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Effect of the supporting pattern on the orientation of hexagonal morphology in thin films of diblock copolymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marencic AP, Register RA. Controlling Order in Block Copolymer Thin Films for Nanopatterning Applications. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2010; 1:277-97. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An attractive “unconventional” lithographic technique to pattern periodic, sub-100 nm features uses self-assembled block copolymer thin films as etch masks. Unfortunately, as-cast films lack the orientational and positional order of the microphase-separated domains that are necessary for many desired applications. Reviewed herein are techniques developed to guide the self-assembly process in thin films, which permit varying degrees of control over the patterns formed by the microdomains. Techniques that can control the out-of-plane order of the microdomains are first summarized. Then, techniques that control the lateral ordering are reviewed, beginning with those that generate large defect-free grains, then those that impart orientational order to the microdomains, and finally those that can control both the orientation and position of individual microdomains. Each technique is summarized with experimental examples and discussions regarding the mechanism of the guided self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Marencic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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Tsarkova L, Sevink GJA, Krausch G. Nanopattern Evolution in Block Copolymer Films: Experiment, Simulations and Challenges. COMPLEX MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS I 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Yuan SL, Zhang XQ, Chan KY. Effects of shear and charge on the microphase formation of P123 polymer in the SBA-15 synthesis investigated by mesoscale simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2034-45. [PMID: 19161270 DOI: 10.1021/la8035133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscale simulation was performed to investigate the dynamical structural behavior of the pluronic P123 block copolymer in the synthesis of mesoporous SBA-15. Shear is introduced to represent stirring in the actual experiment, and a weak charge is included to simulate the acidic conditions in the synthesis. Under shear, with the increase in weak charge in the PEO [poly(ethylene oxide)] block, the template forms more ordered hexagonal phases, and the pore sizes of the cylindrical hydrophobic PPO [poly(propylene oxide)] blocks decrease. The structural factor shows three types of water molecules in the mesoscale aggregates, including bulk water in the solution, bound water around the hydrophilic PEO corona, and trapped water in the hydrophobic PPO core. When 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene (TMB) is added to the system as a swelling agent, expanded hexagonal phases are formed, and the density mapping of TMB shows that the TMB molecules are mainly located in the hydrophobic PPO cores. In configurations with spherical micelles, although bimodally dispersed spheres are observed, the face-centered cubic (fcc) packing of the micelles hardly changes with the addition of TMB. In agreement with experimental results, the simulations show that the shear and the weak charge are essential to the formation of hexagonal templates in the copolymer. Mesoscopic simulations complement experimental investigations on the morphology changes of amphiphilic polymer in template syntheses and can provide important guidance for further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Zhang X, Berry BC, Yager KG, Kim S, Jones RL, Satija S, Pickel DL, Douglas JF, Karim A. Surface morphology diagram for cylinder-forming block copolymer thin films. ACS NANO 2008; 2:2331-2341. [PMID: 19206400 DOI: 10.1021/nn800643x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the ordering temperature (T) and film thickness (h(f)) on the surface morphology of flow-coated block copolymer (BCP) films of asymmetric poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate). Morphology transitions observed on the ordered film surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) are associated with a perpendicular to a parallel cylinder BCP microphase orientation transition with respect to the substrate with increasing h(f). "Hybrid" surface patterns for intermediate h(f) between these limiting morphologies are correspondingly interpreted by a coexistence of these two BCP microphase orientations so that two "transitional" h(f) exist for each T. This explanation of our surface patterns is supported by both neutron reflectivity and rotational SANS measurements. The transitional h(f) values as a function of T define upper and lower surface morphology transition lines, h(fu) (T) and h(fl) (T), respectively, and a surface morphology diagram that should be useful in materials fabrication. Surprisingly, the BCP film surface morphology depends on the method of film formation (flow-coated versus spun-cast films) so that nonequilibrium effects are evidently operative. This morphological variability is attributed primarily to the trapping of residual solvent (toluene) within the film (quantified by neutron reflectivity) due to film vitrification while drying. This effect has significant implications for controlling film structure in nanomanufacturing applications based on BCP templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Niihara KI, Sugimori H, Matsuwaki U, Hirato F, Morita H, Doi M, Masunaga H, Sasaki S, Jinnai H. A Transition from Cylindrical to Spherical Morphology in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801892p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Niihara
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Hidekazu Sugimori
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Ukyo Matsuwaki
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Fumio Hirato
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Sono Sasaki
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Nanosimulation Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; and Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute, SPring
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Wang R, Chen YL, Hu J, Xue G. Depletion-induced surface alignment of asymmetric diblock copolymer in selective solvents. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:044907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2957746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Horvat A, Sevink GJA, Zvelindovsky AV, Krekhov A, Tsarkova L. Specific features of defect structure and dynamics in the cylinder phase of block copolymers. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1143-1152. [PMID: 19206332 DOI: 10.1021/nn800181m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of defects in thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers upon long-term thermal or solvent annealing. In particular, we consider in detail the peculiarities of both classical and specific topological defects, and conclude that there is a strong "defect structure-chain mobility" relationship in block copolymers. In the systems studied, representative defect configurations provide connectivity of the minority phase in the form of dislocations with a closed cylinder end or classical disclinations with incorporated alternative, nonbulk structures with planar symmetry. In solvent-annealed films with enhanced chain mobility, the neck defects (bridges between parallel cylinders) were observed. This type of nonsingular defect has not been identified in block copolymer systems before. We argue that topological arguments and 2D defect representation, sufficient for lamellar systems, are not sufficient to determine the stability and mobility of defects in the cylindrical phase. In-situ scanning force microscopy measurements are compared with the simulations based on the dynamic self-consistent mean field theory. The close match between experimental measurements and simulation results suggests that the lateral defect motion is diffusion-driven. In addition, 3D simulations demonstrated that the bottom (wetting) layer is only weakly involved into the structure ordering at the free surface. Finally, the morphological evolution is considered with the focus on the motion and interaction of the representative defect configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Horvat
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universitat Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Daoulas KC, Müller M, Stoykovich MP, Kang H, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Directed copolymer assembly on chemical substrate patterns: a phenomenological and single-chain-in-mean-field simulations study of the influence of roughness in the substrate pattern. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1284-1295. [PMID: 18067336 DOI: 10.1021/la702482z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The directed assembly of lamella-forming copolymer systems on substrates chemically patterned with rough stripes has been studied using a Helfrich-type, phenomenological theory and Single-Chain-in-Mean-Field (SCMF) simulations. The stripe period matches that of the lamellar spacing in the bulk. The effect of the line edge roughness (LER) of the substrate pattern on the microphase-separated morphology was investigated considering two generic types of substrate LER with a single characteristic wavelength imposed on the edges of the stripes: undulation and peristaltic LER. In both cases, the domain interfaces are pinned to the rough stripe boundary at the substrate and, thus, are deformed. We study how this deformation decays as a function of the distance from the substrate. The simple theory and the SCMF simulations demonstrate that one of the basic factors determining the decay of the roughness transferred into the self-assembled morphology is the characteristic LER wavelength of the substrate pattern; i.e., the distance over which the roughness propagates away from the substrate increases with wavelength. However, both approaches reveal that, for a quantitative understanding of the consequences of substrate LER, it is important to consider the interplay of the pattern wavelength with the other characteristic length scales of the system, such as the film thickness and the bulk lamellar spacing. For instance, in thin films, the induced deformation of the lamellar interface decays slower with distance from the patterned surface than in thicker films. It is shown that the phenomenological theory can capture many of the same qualitative results as the SCMF simulations for copolymer assembly on substrate patterns with LER, but, at the same time, is limited by an incomplete description of the constraints on the polymer chain conformations imposed by the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Ch Daoulas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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