1
|
Serna S, Wang T, Torkelson JM. Eliminating the Tg-confinement and fragility-confinement effects in poly(4-methylstyrene) films by incorporation of 3 mol % 2-ethylheyxl acrylate comonomer. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034903. [PMID: 38235797 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoconfined poly(4-methylstyrene) [P(4-MS)] films exhibit reductions in glass transition temperature (Tg) relative to bulk Tg (Tg,bulk). Ellipsometry reveals that 15-nm-thick P(4-MS) films supported on silicon exhibit Tg - Tg,bulk = - 15 °C. P(4-MS) films also exhibit fragility-confinement effects; fragility decreases ∼60% in going from bulk to a 20-nm-thick film. Previous research found that incorporating 2-6 mol % 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) comonomer in styrene-based random copolymers eliminates Tg- and fragility-confinement effects in polystyrene. Here, we demonstrate that incorporating 3 mol % EHA in a 4-MS-based random copolymer, 97/3 P(4-MS/EHA), eliminates the Tg- and fragility-confinement effects. The invariance of fragility with nanoconfinement of 97/3 P(4-MS/EHA) films, hypothesized to originate from the interdigitation of ethylhexyl groups, indicates that the presence of EHA prevents the free surface from perturbing chain packing and the cooperative mobility associated with Tg. This method of eliminating confinement effects is advantageous as it relies on the simplest of polymerization methods and neat copolymer only slightly altered in composition from homopolymer. We also investigated whether we could eliminate the Tg-confinement effect with low levels of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) in 4-MS-based or styrene-based copolymers. Although EHMA is structurally nearly identical to EHA, 4-MS-based and styrene-based copolymers incorporating 4 mol % EHMA exhibit Tg-confinement effects similar to P(4-MS) and polystyrene. These results support the special character of EHA in eliminating confinement effects originating at free surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang T, Hu S, Zhang S, Peera A, Reffner J, Torkelson JM. Eliminating the Tg-Confinement Effect in Polystyrene Films: Extraordinary Impact of a 2 mol % 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Comonomer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Sumeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Sipei Zhang
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania19426, United States
| | - Asghar Peera
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania19426, United States
| | - John Reffner
- The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania19426, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Venkatesh RB, Lee D. Interfacial Friction Controls the Motion of Confined Polymers in the Pores of Nanoparticle Packings. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bharath Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen B, Torkelson JM. Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miyazaki T, Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Aoki H, Yamada NL, Miyata N. Neutron Reflectivity on the Mobile Surface and Immobile Interfacial Layers in the Poly(vinyl acetate) Adsorption Layer on a Si Substrate with Deuterated Toluene Vapor-Induced Swelling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15181-15188. [PMID: 33259712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the polymer chain dynamics in a 2-3 nm thick poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) adsorption layer on a Si substrate with a native oxide layer via neutron reflectometry combined with toluene vapor-induced swelling. We can investigate the polymer chain dynamics difference in the film thickness direction by the difference in the degree of swelling of the polymer layers detected by neutron reflectometry. The mobility of the polymer chains depends on the distance from the substrate. The results elucidated that the interfacial layer with a thickness of approximately 1 nm did not swell at all with toluene vapor, which is a solvent for PVAc. Meanwhile, the surface layer excessively swells with toluene vapor compared to the bulk. This indicates that the polymer chain within the interfacial region is immobilized by the substrate through hydrogen-bonding interaction, but in the surface region, the surface effect overcomes this interfacial interaction. We concluded that the polymer chains in the adsorption layer are either strongly constrained to the substrate, owing to hydrogen bonding, or more mobile than the bulk, owing to the surface effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation, 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-3194, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li SJ, Qian HJ, Lu ZY. A simulation study on the glass transition behavior and relevant segmental dynamics in free-standing polymer nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4476-4485. [PMID: 31111851 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In polymer/nanoparticle composite (PNC) thin films, polymer chains experience strong confinement effects not only at the free surface area but also from nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, the influence of NP-polymer interaction and NP distribution on the polymer segmental dynamics and the glass transition behavior of PNC free-standing films are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that NPs will migrate to the film surface area and form an NP-concentrated layer when NP-polymer interactions are weak, while NPs are well dispersed in the bulk region when NP-polymer interactions are strong. In both cases, we find increases in the glass transition temperature Tg compared with the pure film without NPs, although with a different degree. The weakly interacting system has the same Tg as the pure bulk system without NPs. The NP layer formed at the surface area reduces both the mobility of the surface polymer beads and the mobility gradient in the film normal direction (MGFND), therefore resulting in an increase in the Tg which highlights the vital role of the mobile surface layer. In contrast, the NPs in the bulk region enlarge the MGFND. NPs have opposite influences on the polymer bead dynamic anisotropy when they interact weakly or strongly with polymers, weakened for the former and enhanced for the latter. These findings offer a clear picture of the segmental dynamics and glass transition behavior in free-standing PNC films with different NP-polymer interaction strengths. We hope these results will be helpful for the property design of related materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogieglo W, Ghanem B, Ma X, Wessling M, Pinnau I. High-Pressure CO 2 Sorption in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity under Ultrathin Film Confinement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11369-11376. [PMID: 29528618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin microporous polymer films are pertinent to the development and further spread of nanotechnology with very promising potential applications in molecular separations, sensors, catalysis, or batteries. Here, we report high-pressure CO2 sorption in ultrathin films of several chemically different polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), including the prototypical PIM-1. Films with thicknesses down to 7 nm were studied using interference-enhanced in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. It was found that all PIMs swell much more than non-microporous polystyrene and other high-performance glassy polymers reported previously. Furthermore, chemical modifications of the parent PIM-1 strongly affected the swelling magnitude. By investigating the behavior of relative refractive index, nrel, it was possible to study the interplay between micropores filling and matrix expansion. Remarkably, all studied PIMs showed a maximum in nrel at swelling of 2-2.5% indicating a threshold point above which the dissolution in the dense matrix started to dominate over sorption in the micropores. At pressures above 25 bar, all PIMs significantly plasticized in compressed CO2 and for the ones with the highest affinity to the penetrant, a liquidlike mixing typical for rubbery polymers was observed. Reduction of film thickness below 100 nm revealed pronounced nanoconfinement effects and resulted in a large swelling enhancement and a quick loss of the ultrarigid character. On the basis of the partial molar volumes of the dissolved CO2, the effective reduction of the Tg was estimated to be ∼200 °C going from 128 to 7 nm films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ogieglo
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- Functional Polymer Membranes Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Ghanem
- Functional Polymer Membranes Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Functional Polymer Membranes Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Ingo Pinnau
- Functional Polymer Membranes Group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kasavan BL, Baglay RR, Roth CB. Local Glass Transition Temperature
T
g
(
z
) Profile in Polystyrene next to Polybutadiene with and without Plasticization Effects. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mangalara JH, Mackura ME, Marvin MD, Simmons DS. The relationship between dynamic and pseudo-thermodynamic measures of the glass transition temperature in nanostructured materials. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandra Hari Mangalara
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge St, Akron, Ohio, 44325-0301 USA
| | - Mark E. Mackura
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge St, Akron, Ohio, 44325-0301 USA
| | - Michael D. Marvin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge St, Akron, Ohio, 44325-0301 USA
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge St, Akron, Ohio, 44325-0301 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular confinement of solid and gaseous phases of self-standing bulk nanoporous polymers inducing enhanced and unexpected physical properties. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Napolitano S, Glynos E, Tito NB. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:036602. [PMID: 28134134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When cooled or pressurized, polymer melts exhibit a tremendous reduction in molecular mobility. If the process is performed at a constant rate, the structural relaxation time of the liquid eventually exceeds the time allowed for equilibration. This brings the system out of equilibrium, and the liquid is operationally defined as a glass-a solid lacking long-range order. Despite almost 100 years of research on the (liquid/)glass transition, it is not yet clear which molecular mechanisms are responsible for the unique slow-down in molecular dynamics. In this review, we first introduce the reader to experimental methodologies, theories, and simulations of glassy polymer dynamics and vitrification. We then analyse the impact of connectivity, structure, and chain environment on molecular motion at the length scale of a few monomers, as well as how macromolecular architecture affects the glass transition of non-linear polymers. We then discuss a revised picture of nanoconfinement, going beyond a simple picture based on interfacial interactions and surface/volume ratio. Analysis of a large body of experimental evidence, results from molecular simulations, and predictions from theory supports, instead, a more complex framework where other parameters are relevant. We focus discussion specifically on local order, free volume, irreversible chain adsorption, the Debye-Waller factor of confined and confining media, chain rigidity, and the absolute value of the vitrification temperature. We end by highlighting the molecular origin of distributions in relaxation times and glass transition temperatures which exceed, by far, the size of a chain. Fast relaxation modes, almost universally present at the free surface between polymer and air, are also remarked upon. These modes relax at rates far larger than those characteristic of glassy dynamics in bulk. We speculate on how these may be a signature of unique relaxation processes occurring in confined or heterogeneous polymeric systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hetayothin B, Cabaniss RA, Blum FD. Does Plasticizer Penetrate Tightly Bound Polymer in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonta Hetayothin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los
Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | | | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim HC, Choi YH, Bu W, Meron M, Lin B, Won YY. Increased humidity can soften glassy Langmuir polymer films by two mechanisms: plasticization of the polymer material, and suppression of the evaporation cooling effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10663-10675. [PMID: 28398439 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the relative humidity decreases the surface pressure of a glassy Langmuir polymer film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chang Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Wei Bu
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Mati Meron
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Binhua Lin
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - You-Yeon Won
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geng K, Tsui OKC. Effects of Polymer Tacticity and Molecular Weight on the Glass Transition Temperature of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films on Silica. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Geng
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen L, Torkelson JM. Tuning the Tg-confinement effect in thin polymer films via minute levels of residual surfactant which “cap” the free surface. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Koski J, Hagberg B, Riggleman RA. Attraction of Nanoparticles to Tilt Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Koski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brett Hagberg
- Materials Science and Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan AW, Torkelson JM. Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanotubes in AAO templates: Designing nanotube thickness and characterizing the T-confinement effect by DSC. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Mortazavian H, Fennell CJ, Blum FD. Structure of the Interfacial Region in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Christopher J. Fennell
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim HC, Lee H, Khetan J, Won YY. Surface Mechanical and Rheological Behaviors of Biocompatible Poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) and Poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid-ran-ε-caprolactone)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGACL-PEG) Block Copolymers at the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13821-13833. [PMID: 26633595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air-water interfacial monolayers of poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) exhibit an exponential increase in surface pressure under high monolayer compression. In order to understand the molecular origin of this behavior, a combined experimental and theoretical investigation (including surface pressure-area isotherm, X-ray reflectivity (XR) and interfacial rheological measurements, and a self-consistent field (SCF) theoretical analysis) was performed on air-water monolayers formed by a PLGA-PEG diblock copolymer and also by a nonglassy analogue of this diblock copolymer, poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid-ran-caprolactone)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGACL-PEG). The combined results of this study show that the two mechanisms, i.e., the glass transition of the collapsed PLGA film and the lateral repulsion of the PEG brush chains that occur simultaneously under lateral compression of the monolayer, are both responsible for the observed PLGA-PEG isotherm behavior. Upon cessation of compression, the high surface pressure of the PLGA-PEG monolayer typically relaxes over time with a stretched exponential decay, suggesting that in this diblock copolymer situation, the hydrophobic domain formed by the PLGA blocks undergoes glass transition in the high lateral compression state, analogously to the PLGA homopolymer monolayer. In the high PEG grafting density regime, the contribution of the PEG brush chains to the high monolayer surface pressure is significantly lower than what is predicted by the SCF model because of the many-body attraction among PEG segments (referred to in the literature as the "n-cluster" effects). The end-grafted PEG chains were found to be protein resistant even under the influence of the "n-cluster" effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chang Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jawahar Khetan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - You-Yeon Won
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen F, Peng D, Ogata Y, Tanaka K, Yang Z, Fujii Y, Yamada NL, Lam CH, Tsui OKC. Confinement Effect on the Effective Viscosity of Plasticized Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - D. Peng
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Y. Ogata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Z. Yang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Y. Fujii
- National Institute
for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N. L. Yamada
- Neutron
Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - C.-H. Lam
- Department
of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - O. K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia W, Hsu DD, Keten S. Molecular Weight Effects on the Glass Transition and Confinement Behavior of Polymer Thin Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1422-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - David D. Hsu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng X, Putz KW, Wood CD, Brinson LC. Characterization of Local Elastic Modulus in Confined Polymer Films via AFM Indentation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:391-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Karl W. Putz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Charles D. Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - L. Catherine Brinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Efremov MY. Effect of free surface roughness on the apparent glass transition temperature in thin polymer films measured by ellipsometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:123901. [PMID: 25554303 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ellipsometry is one of the standard methods for observation of glass transition in thin polymer films. This work proposes that sensitivity of the method to surface morphology can complicate manifestation of the transition in a few nm thick samples. Two possible mechanisms of free surface roughening in the vicinity of glass transition are discussed: roughening due to lateral heterogeneity and roughening associated with thermal capillary waves. Both mechanisms imply an onset of surface roughness in the glass transition temperature range, which affects the experimental data in a way that shifts apparent glass transition temperature. Effective medium approximation models are used to introduce surface roughness into optical calculations. The results of the optical modeling for a 5 nm thick polystyrene film on silicon are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Efremov
- Materials Science Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Methacrylate-based polymer films useful in lithographic applications exhibit different glass transition temperature-confinement effects at high and low molecular weight. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Chen J, Xu J, Wang X, Zhou D, Sun P, Xue G. Thickness Dependence of Glass Transitions Measured by AC-Chip Calorimetry in Films with Controlled Interface. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401257y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Pingchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructures, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Evans CM, Deng H, Jager WF, Torkelson JM. Fragility is a Key Parameter in Determining the Magnitude of Tg-Confinement Effects in Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401017n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolter F. Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628
BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shavit A, Riggleman RA. Influence of Backbone Rigidity on Nanoscale Confinement Effects in Model Glass-Forming Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400210w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shavit
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao S, Koh YP, Simon SL. Calorimetric Glass Transition of Single Polystyrene Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Yung P. Koh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin Y, Tan Y, Qiu B, Shangguan Y, Harkin-Jones E, Zheng Q. Influence of Annealing on Chain Entanglement and Molecular Dynamics in Weak Dynamic Asymmetry Polymer Blends. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:697-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3098507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqiang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biwei Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Shangguan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eileen Harkin-Jones
- Polymers Research Cluster, School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Betancourt BAP, Douglas JF, Starr FW. Fragility and cooperative motion in a glass-forming polymer-nanoparticle composite. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:241-254. [PMID: 25328534 PMCID: PMC4201060 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm26800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-nanoparticle composites play a vital role in ongoing materials development. The behavior of the glass transition of these materials is important for their processing and applications, and also represents a problem of fundamental physical interest. Changes of the polymer glass transition temperature Tg due to nanoparticles have been fairly well catalogued, but the breadth of the transition and how rapidly transport properties vary with temperature T - termed the fragility m of glass-formation - is comparatively poorly understood. In the present work, we calculate both Tg and m of a model polymer nanocomposite by molecular dynamics simulations. We systematically consider how Tg and m vary both for the material as a whole, as well as locally, for a range of nanoparticle (NP) concentrations and two polymer-NP interactions. We find large positive and negative changes in Tg and m that can be interpreted in terms of the Adam-Gibbs model of glass-formation, where the scale of the cooperative motion is identified with the scale of string-like cooperative motion. This provides a molecular perpective of fragility changes due to the addition of NPs and for glass formation more generally. We also contrast the behavior along isobaric and isochoric approaches to Tg , since these differing paths can be important to compare experiments (isobaric) and simulations (very often isochoric). Our findings have practical implications for understanding the properties of nanocomposites and fundamental significance for understanding the properties glass-forming materials more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
| | - Francis W Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nguyen HK, Labardi M, Lucchesi M, Rolla P, Prevosto D. Plasticization in Ultrathin Polymer Films: The Role of Supporting Substrate and Annealing. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico
Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Lucchesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico
Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Rolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico
Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Evans CM, Narayanan S, Jiang Z, Torkelson JM. Modulus, confinement, and temperature effects on surface capillary wave dynamics in bilayer polymer films near the glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:038302. [PMID: 22861904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.038302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report relaxation times (τ) for surface capillary waves on 27-127 nm polystyrene (PS) top layers in bilayer films using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. At ∼10 °C above the PS glass transition temperature (T(g)), τ tracks with underlayer modulus, being significantly smaller on softer substrates at low in-plane scattering wave vector. Relative to capillary wave theory, we also report stiffening behavior upon nanoconfinement of the PS layers. At PS T(g)+40 °C, both effects become negligible. We demonstrate how neighboring polymer domains impact dynamics over substantial length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nguyen HK, Labardi M, Capaccioli S, Lucchesi M, Rolla P, Prevosto D. Interfacial and Annealing Effects on Primary α-Relaxation of Ultrathin Polymer Films Investigated at Nanoscale. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202757q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Lucchesi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Rolla
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gray LAG, Yoon SW, Pahner WA, Davidheiser JE, Roth CB. Importance of Quench Conditions on the Subsequent Physical Aging Rate of Glassy Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202493n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. G. Gray
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Suk W. Yoon
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William A. Pahner
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films Via Dewetting. GLASS TRANSITION, DYNAMICS AND HETEROGENEITY OF POLYMER THIN FILMS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
36
|
Torres JM, Wang C, Coughlin EB, Bishop JP, Register RA, Riggleman RA, Stafford CM, Vogt BD. Influence of Chain Stiffness on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Torres
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85284, United States
| | - Chengqing Wang
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - John P. Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Preparation and glass transition of crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate) thin shells on the surface of a calcium carbonate core. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
38
|
Nguyen HK, Prevosto D, Labardi M, Capaccioli S, Lucchesi M, Rolla P. Effect of Confinement on Structural Relaxation in Ultrathin Polymer Films Investigated by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Lucchesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Rolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eslami H, Müller-Plathe F. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Water Influence on Local Structure of Nanoconfined Polyamide-6,6. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9720-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204423z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr
75168, Iran
- Eduard-Zintl Institut für
Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse
20, D-64287, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl Institut für
Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse
20, D-64287, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eslami H, Karimi-Varzaneh HA, Müller-Plathe F. Coarse-Grained Computer Simulation of Nanoconfined Polyamide-6,6. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102320v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eslami
- Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr 75168, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Karimi-Varzaneh
- Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sasaki T, Kuroda R, Teramoto M, Yonezawa S, Tsuji H, Sakurai K, Irie S. Glass transition properties of PMMA thin shells deposited on rodlike calcium carbonate particles. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
42
|
Masser KA, Zhao H, Painter PC, Runt J. Local Relaxation Behavior and Dynamic Fragility in Hydrogen Bonded Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Masser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Paul C. Painter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pye JE, Rohald KA, Baker EA, Roth CB. Physical Aging in Ultrathin Polystyrene Films: Evidence of a Gradient in Dynamics at the Free Surface and Its Connection to the Glass Transition Temperature Reductions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101412r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Pye
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Kate A. Rohald
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reiter G, Napolitano S. Possible origin of thickness-dependent deviations from bulk properties of thin polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|