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Jia L, Li L, Guo ZH, Sun H, Huang H, Sun F, Wang ZL, Pu X. Giant Iontronic Flexoelectricity in Soft Hydrogels Induced by Tunable Biomimetic Ion Polarization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403830. [PMID: 38848548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Flexoelectricity features the strain gradient-induced mechanoelectric conversion using materials not limited by their crystalline symmetry, but state-of-the-art flexoelectric materials exhibit very small flexoelectric coefficients and are too brittle to withstand large deformations. Here, inspired by the ion polarization in living organisms, this paper reports the giant iontronic flexoelectricity of soft hydrogels where the ion polarization is attributed to the different transfer rates of cations and anions under bending deformations. The flexoelectricity is found to be easily regulated by the types of anion-cation pairs and polymer networks in the hydrogel. A polyacrylamide hydrogel with 1 m NaCl achieves a record-high flexoelectric coefficient of ≈1160 µC m-1, which can even be improved to ≈2340 µC m-1 by synergizing with the effects of ion pairs and extra polycation chains. Furthermore, the hydrogel as flexoelectric materials can withstand larger bending deformations to obtain higher polarization charges owing to its intrinsic low modulus and high elasticity. A soft flexoelectric sensor is then demonstrated for object recognition by robotic hands. The findings greatly broaden the flexoelectricity to soft, biomimetic, and biocompatible materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Jia
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key, Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Longwei Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key, Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi Hao Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key, Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Huang
- The College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fuchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key, Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510555, China
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiong Pu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key, Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Liu H, Ji X, Guo Z, Wei X, Fan J, Shi P, Pu X, Gong F, Xu L. A high-current hydrogel generator with engineered mechanoionic asymmetry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1494. [PMID: 38374305 PMCID: PMC10876576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical energy conversion is a potential solution for the power supply of miniaturized wearable and implantable systems; yet it remains challenging due to limited current output when exploiting low-frequency motions with soft devices. We report a design of a hydrogel generator with mechanoionic current generation amplified by orders of magnitudes with engineered structural and chemical asymmetry. Under compressive loading, relief structures in the hydrogel intensify net ion fluxes induced by deformation gradient, which synergize with asymmetric ion adsorption characteristics of the electrodes and distinct diffusivity of cations and anions in the hydrogel matrix. This engineered mechanoionic process can yield 4 mA (5.5 A m-2) of peak current under cyclic compression of 80 kPa applied at 0.1 Hz, with the transferred charge reaching up to 916 mC m-2 per cycle. The high current output of this miniaturized hydrogel generator is beneficial for the powering of wearable devices, as exemplified by a controlled drug-releasing system for wound healing. The demonstrated mechanisms for amplifying mechanoionic effect will enable further designs for a variety of self-powered biomedical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianglin Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinchen Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Lu X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Teng K, Chen Y, Shi J, Wang D, Wang L, You S, Feng Z, An Q. Piezoionic High Performance Hydrogel Generator and Active Protein Absorber via Microscopic Porosity and Phase Blending. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307875. [PMID: 37983590 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Generating electricity in hydrogel is very important but remains difficult. Hydrogel with electricity generation capability is more capable in bio-relevant tasks such as tissue engineering, artificial skin, or medical treatment, because electricity is indispensable in regulating physiological activities. Here, a porous and phase blending hydrogel structure for effective piezoionic electricity generation is developed. Dynamic electric field is generated taking advantage of the difference in streaming speeds of sodium and chloride in the material. Microscopic porosity and hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase blending are the two key factors for prominent piezoionic performance. Voltages as high as 600 mV are first realized in hydrogels in response to medical ultrasound stimulation. The hydrogel structure is also subjective to effective substance exchange and can actively enrich proteins from surroundings under mechanical stimuli. Preliminary applications in neural stimulation, constructing complex spatial-temporal chemical and electric field distribution patterns, mimetic tactile sensor, sample pretreatment in fast detection, and enzyme immobilization are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiajun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaixuan Teng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunfan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Danlei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shaohua You
- Department of Pain, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zeguo Feng
- Department of Pain, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi An
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Al-Amodi A, Hill RJ. Streaming Potentials of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13370-13381. [PMID: 36279307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The streaming potentials of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel films are measured and theoretically interpreted by systematically varying the HA concentration and the streaming electrolyte pH and ionic strength. While Donnan potentials are expected to vanish with sufficient added salt, apparent ζ-potentials from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski interpretation remain of the order -20 mV. To theoretically interpret these data, we derived an electrokinetic model (valid in the Debye-Hückel regime) that accounts for ionic and hydrodynamic permeability of the gels. The films could then be ascribed an effective acid dissociation constant pKa ≈ 4.2, specific HA charge ≈-0.1e mmol g-1, and Brinkman/hydrodynamic permeability l2 ∼ l02S1/3, where l0 is the Brinkman length for HA solutions in the as-prepared reference state and S is the hydrogel swelling ratio. At an ionic strength of 10 mmol L-1, for example, the HA surface potentials are only ψD/2 ≈ -8 mV, where ψD is the Donnan potential, considerably lower than ζ-potentials furnished by the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski interpretation. This insight significantly changes how the films are expected to interact with other surfaces and colloids via Derjaguin-Landau-Vervey-Overbeek-type forces. Our analysis furnishes formulas for the swelling ratio S and hydrodynamic permeability l2, expressed explicitly as simple power-law functions of the as-prepared HA concentration cha (wt %), consistent with independent assessments of the HA solution permeability and polyelectrolyte-hydrogel swelling theory. These may prove valuable for extrapolating the results to other combinations of ionic strength, pH, and HA and cross-linking concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al-Amodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Reghan J Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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5
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Chortos A. High current hydrogels: Biocompatible electromechanical energy sources. Cell 2022; 185:2653-2654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Dobashi Y, Yao D, Petel Y, Nguyen TN, Sarwar MS, Thabet Y, Ng CLW, Scabeni Glitz E, Nguyen GTM, Plesse C, Vidal F, Michal CA, Madden JDW. Piezoionic mechanoreceptors: Force-induced current generation in hydrogels. Science 2022; 376:502-507. [PMID: 35482868 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human somatosensory network relies on ionic currents to sense, transmit, and process tactile information. We investigate hydrogels that similarly transduce pressure into ionic currents, forming a piezoionic skin. As in rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors, piezoionic currents can vary widely in duration, from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds. These currents are shown to elicit direct neuromodulation and muscle excitation, suggesting a path toward bionic sensory interfaces. The signal magnitude and duration depend on cationic and anionic mobility differences. Patterned hydrogel films with gradients of fixed charge provide voltage offsets akin to cell potentials. The combined effects enable the creation of self-powered and ultrasoft piezoionic mechanoreceptors that generate a charge density four to six orders of magnitude higher than those of triboelectric and piezoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Dobashi
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dickson Yao
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yael Petel
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tan Ngoc Nguyen
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mirza Saquib Sarwar
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yacine Thabet
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cliff L W Ng
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ettore Scabeni Glitz
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giao Tran Minh Nguyen
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CY Advanced Studies, LPPI, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Plesse
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CY Advanced Studies, LPPI, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Vidal
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CY Advanced Studies, LPPI, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Carl A Michal
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John D W Madden
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Barragán V, Villaluenga J, Izquierdo-Gil M, Kristiansen K. On the electrokinetic characterization of charged polymeric membranes by transversal streaming potential. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Ramirez RER, Orth ES, Pires C, Zawadzki SF, de Freitas RA. DODAB-DOPE liposome surface coating using in-situ acrylic acid polymerization. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Lee KH, Zhang YZ, Jiang Q, Kim H, Alkenawi AA, Alshareef HN. Ultrasound-Driven Two-Dimensional Ti 3C 2T x MXene Hydrogel Generator. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3199-3207. [PMID: 32078295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a source of ambient energy that is rarely exploited. In this work, a tissue-mimicking MXene-hydrogel (M-gel) implantable generator has been designed to convert ultrasound power into electric energy. Unlike the present harvesting methods for implantable ultrasound energy harvesters, our M-gel generator is based on an electroacoustic phenomenon known as the streaming vibration potential. Moreover, the output power of the M-gel generator can be improved by coupling with triboelectrification. We demonstrate the potential of this generator for powering implantable devices through quick charging of electric gadgets, buried beneath a centimeter thick piece of beef. The performance is attractive, especially given the extremely simple structure of the generator, consisting of nothing more than encapsulated M-gel. The generator can harvest energy from various ultrasound sources, from ultrasound tips in the lab to the probes used in hospitals and households for imaging and physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hyuck Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkader A Alkenawi
- College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Bassil M, El Haj Moussa G, El Tahchi M. Templating polyacrylamide hydrogel for interconnected microstructure and improved performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bassil
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
| | - Georges El Haj Moussa
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles, 570 Westwood plaza 90095 CA
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11
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Bocourt M, Bada N, Acosta N, Bucio E, Peniche C. Synthesis and characterization of novel pH-sensitive chitosan-poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bocourt
- Centro de Biomateriales; Universidad de La Habana; Ave. Universidad s/n entre G y Ronda 10400 Havana Cuba
| | - Nancy Bada
- Centro de Biomateriales; Universidad de La Habana; Ave. Universidad s/n entre G y Ronda 10400 Havana Cuba
| | - Niuris Acosta
- Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales/Dpto Química Física II, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica; Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Carlos Peniche
- Centro de Biomateriales; Universidad de La Habana; Ave. Universidad s/n entre G y Ronda 10400 Havana Cuba
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12
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Nistor MT, Chiriac AP, Nita LE, Vasile C. Characterization of the semi-interpenetrated network based on collagen and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-diethylene glycol diacrylate). Int J Pharm 2013; 452:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Prudnikova K, Utz M. Electromechanical Equilibrium Properties of Poly(acrylic acid/acrylamide) Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2024683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Prudnikova
- Center
for Microsystems for the Life Sciences, ‡Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and ⊥Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcel Utz
- Center
for Microsystems for the Life Sciences, ‡Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and ⊥Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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