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Martínez-Fernández D, Herranz M, Foteinopoulou K, Karayiannis NC, Laso M. Local and Global Order in Dense Packings of Semi-Flexible Polymers of Hard Spheres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030551. [PMID: 36771852 PMCID: PMC9919756 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The local and global order in dense packings of linear, semi-flexible polymers of tangent hard spheres are studied by employing extensive Monte Carlo simulations at increasing volume fractions. The chain stiffness is controlled by a tunable harmonic potential for the bending angle, whose intensity dictates the rigidity of the polymer backbone as a function of the bending constant and equilibrium angle. The studied angles range between acute and obtuse ones, reaching the limit of rod-like polymers. We analyze how the packing density and chain stiffness affect the chains' ability to self-organize at the local and global levels. The former corresponds to crystallinity, as quantified by the Characteristic Crystallographic Element (CCE) norm descriptor, while the latter is computed through the scalar orientational order parameter. In all cases, we identify the critical volume fraction for the phase transition and gauge the established crystal morphologies, developing a complete phase diagram as a function of packing density and equilibrium bending angle. A plethora of structures are obtained, ranging between random hexagonal closed packed morphologies of mixed character and almost perfect face centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystals at the level of monomers, and nematic mesophases, with prolate and oblate mesogens at the level of chains. For rod-like chains, a delay is observed between the establishment of the long-range nematic order and crystallization as a function of the packing density, while for right-angle chains, both transitions are synchronized. A comparison is also provided against the analogous packings of monomeric and fully flexible chains of hard spheres.
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2
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Chen R, Luo C. Stretching effect on intrachain conformational ordering of polymers: A steered molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Yamamoto T. Chiral selecting crystallization of helical polymers: A molecular dynamics simulation for the POM-like bare helix. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:014901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0097112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer crystallization has long been a fascinating problem and is still attracting many researchers. Most of the previous simulations are concentrated on clarifying the universal aspects of polymer crystallization using model linear polymers such as polyethylene. We are recently focusing on a nearly untouched but very interesting problem of chiral selecting crystallization in helical polymers. We previously proposed a stepwise approach using two kinds of helical polymers, simple "bare" helical polymers made of backbone atoms only such as polyoxymethylene (POM) and "general" helical polymers containing complicated side groups such as isotactic polypropylene (iPP). We have already reported on the crystallization in oligomeric POM-like helix but have observed only weak chiral selectivity during crystallization. In the present paper, we investigate the crystallization of sufficiently long POM-like polymer both from the isotropic melt and from the highly stretched melt. We find in both cases that the polymer shows a clear chiral selecting crystallization. Especially the observation of a single crystal growing from the isotropic melt is very illuminating. It shows that the crystal thickness and the crystal chirality is closely correlated; thicker crystals show definite chirality while thinner ones are mostly mixtures of the R- and the L- handed stems. The single crystal is found to have a marked lenticular shape, where the thinner growth front, since being made of the mixture, shows no chiral selectivity. Final chiral crystal is found to be completed through helix reversal processes within thicker regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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4
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Sigalas NI, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN, Lyulin AV. A coarse-grained model for capturing the helical behavior of isotactic polypropylene. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3076-3086. [PMID: 35373807 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the process-property relations of helical polymers using molecular simulations has been an attractive research field over the years. Specifically, isotactic polypropylene still remains a challenge for current computational experimentation, as it exhibits phenomena such as crystallization that emerge on large spatial and temporal scales. Coarse-graining is an efficient technique for approaching such phenomena, although previous coarse-grained models lack in preserving important atomistic and structural details. In this paper we develop a new coarse-grained model, based on the popular MARTINI force field, that is able to reproduce the helical behavior of isotactic polypropylene. To test the model, the predicted statistical and structural properties (characteristic ratio, density, entanglement molecular weight, solubility parameter in the melt) are compared with previous simulation results and available experimental data. For the development of the new coarse-grained force field, a single unperturbed chain Monte Carlo algorithm has been implemented: an efficient algorithm which samples conformations representative of a melt by simulating just a single chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Sigalas
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanos D Anogiannakis
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N Theodorou
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexey V Lyulin
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Center for Computational Energy Research (CCER), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Sattor AK, Pervaje AK, Pasquinelli MA, Khan SA, Santiso EE. Multiscale Constitutive Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibers from Molecular Simulation Data. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K. Sattor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Amulya K. Pervaje
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Melissa A. Pasquinelli
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Saad A. Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Erik E. Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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6
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Quantitative analysis of chiral transitions and its implication for non-classical crystallization in isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Romanos N, Megariotis G, Theodorou DN. Molecular dynamics simulations of stretch‐induced crystallization in layered polyethylene. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Romanos
- School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Athens Greece
| | - Grigorios Megariotis
- School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Athens Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Athens Greece
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8
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Raghuram E, Panwar AS. A molecular dynamics study of epitaxy-induced chain orientation and ordering of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Pal S, Mitra N, Sarkar PK, Prasad D. Stretch‐induced helix to extended coil transition of crystalline α phase isotactic polypropylene: A molecular dynamics study. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Pal
- Department of Civil EngineeringIIT Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | - Nilanjan Mitra
- Department of Civil EngineeringIIT Kharagpur Kharagpur India
- Centre for Theoretical StudiesIIT Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | | | - Dipak Prasad
- Department of Civil EngineeringIIT Kharagpur Kharagpur India
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10
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Luo C. A challenging topic of computer simulations: Polymorphism in polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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11
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Single-chain folding of a quenched isotactic polypropylene chain through united atom molecular dynamics simulations. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Yamamoto T. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Stretch-Induced Crystallization in Polyethylene: Emergence of Fiber Structure and Molecular Network. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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13
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Casalegno M, Nicolini T, Famulari A, Raos G, Po R, Meille SV. Atomistic modelling of entropy driven phase transitions between different crystal modifications in polymers: the case of poly(3-alkylthiophenes). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28984-28989. [PMID: 30457608 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism and related solid-state phase transitions affect the structure and morphology and hence the properties of materials, but they are not-so-well understood. Atomistic computational methods can provide molecular-level insights, but they have rarely proven successful for transitions between polymorphic forms of crystalline polymers. In this work, we report atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs), widely used organic semiconductors to explore the experimentally observed, entropy-driven transition from form II to more common form I type polymorphs, or, more precisely, to form I mesophases. The transition is followed continuously, also considering X-ray diffraction evidence, for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), evidencing three main steps: (i) loss of side chain interdigitation, (ii) partial disruption of the original stacking order and (iii) reorganization of polymer chains into new, tighter, main-chain stacks and new layers with characteristic form I periodicities, substantially larger than those in the original form II. The described approach, likely applicable to other important transitions in polymers, provides previously inaccessible insight into the structural organization and disorder features of form I structures of P3ATs, not only in their development from form II structures but also from melts or solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosè Casalegno
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano (MI), Italy.
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14
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Tzounis PN, Argyropoulou DV, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN. Tacticity Effect on the Conformational Properties of Polypropylene and Poly(ethylene–propylene) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dora V. Argyropoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos D. Anogiannakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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15
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Cui K, Ma Z, Tian N, Su F, Liu D, Li L. Multiscale and Multistep Ordering of Flow-Induced Nucleation of Polymers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1840-1886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cui
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road,
Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Tian
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology,
School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi
West Road, District Beilin, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and
Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan
Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621999, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Tzounis PN, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN. General Methodology for Estimating the Stiffness of Polymer Chains from Their Chemical Constitution: A Single Unperturbed Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanos D. Anogiannakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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17
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Strength of Alkane–Fluid Attraction Determines the Interfacial Orientation of Liquid Alkanes and Their Crystallization through Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mechanisms. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Romanos NA, Theodorou DN. Melting Point and Solid–Liquid Coexistence Properties of α1 Isotactic Polypropylene as Functions of Its Molar Mass: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Romanos
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece
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19
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Chen Q, Sirota EB, Zhang M, Chung TCM, Milner ST. Free Surfaces Overcome Superheating in Simulated Melting of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric B. Sirota
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08809, United States
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20
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Qiu BW, Chen F, Shangguan YG, Lin Y, Zheng Q. Effects of composition on microstructure and crystallization behavior for impact polypropylene copolymer investigated by restructuring the complex core-shell dispersed particles in ternary blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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22
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Yamamoto T. Molecular Dynamics of Crystallization in a Helical Polymer Isotactic Polypropylene from the Oriented Amorphous State. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Yamaguchi, Japan
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23
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Ji X, He X, Jiang S. Melting processes of oligomeric α and β isotactic polypropylene crystals at ultrafast heating rates. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054901. [PMID: 24511973 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The melting behaviors of α (stable) and β (metastable) isotactic polypropylene (iPP) crystals at ultrafast heating rates are simulated with atomistic molecular dynamics method. Quantitative information about the melting processes of α- and β-iPP crystals at atomistic level is achieved. The result shows that the melting process starts from the interfaces of lamellar crystal through random dislocation of iPP chains along the perpendicular direction of lamellar crystal structure. In the melting process, the lamellar crystal gradually expands but the corresponding thickness decreases. The analysis shows that the system expansion lags behind the crystallinity decreasing and the lagging extents for α- and β-iPP are significantly different. The apparent melting points of α- and β-iPP crystals rise with the increase of the heating rate and lamellar crystal thickness. The apparent melting point of α-iPP crystal is always higher than that of β-iPP at differently heating rates. Applying the Gibbs-Thomson rule and the scaling property of the melting kinetics, the equilibrium melting points of perfect α- and β-iPP crystals are finally predicted and it shows a good agreement with experimental result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehao He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- School of Material, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Larin SV, Falkovich SG, Nazarychev VM, Gurtovenko AA, Lyulin AV, Lyulin SV. Molecular-dynamics simulation of polyimide matrix pre-crystallization near the surface of a single-walled carbon nanotube. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45010d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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25
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Abstract
A review of recent multiscale modelling of flow-induced crystallisation in polymers with a particular emphasis on newly emerging techniques to connect modelling and simulation techniques at different levels of coarse-graining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Graham
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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26
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Pedersen UR, Hudson TS, Harrowell P. Crystallization of the Lewis–Wahnströmortho-terphenyl model. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:114501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3559153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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27
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Yamamoto T. Molecular Dynamics of Reversible and Irreversible Melting in Chain-Folded Crystals of Short Polyethylene-like Polymer. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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