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Talukdar D, Gole B. Foldamer-Based Mechanoresponsive Materials: Molecular Nanoarchitectonics to Advanced Functions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18791-18805. [PMID: 39051976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecules that respond to external stimuli such as light, heat, chemical signals, and mechanical force have garnered significant interest due to their tunable functions, variable optical properties, and mechanical responses. Particularly, mechanoresponsive materials featuring molecules that respond to mechanical stress or show force-induced optical changes have been intriguing due to their extraordinary functions. Despite the promising potential of many such materials reported in the past, practical applications have remained limited, primarily because their functions often depend on irreversible covalent bond rupture. Foldamers, oligomers that fold into well-defined secondary structures, offer an alternative class of mechanoactive motifs. These molecules can reversibly sustain mechanical stress and efficiently dissipate energy by transitioning between folded and unfolded states. This review focuses on the emerging properties of foldamer-based mechanoresponsive materials. We begin by highlighting the mechanical responses of foldamers in their molecular form, which have been primarily investigated using single-molecule force spectroscopy and other analytical methods. Following this, we provide a detailed survey of the current trends in foldamer-appended polymers, emphasizing their emerging mechanical and mechanochromic properties. Subsequently, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art advancements in foldamer-appended polymers, showcasing significant reports in this field. This review covers some of the most recent advances in this direction and draws a perspective for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Talukdar
- Biomimetic Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Bappaditya Gole
- Biomimetic Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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2
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Qin J, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang N, Xu W, Cheng L, Yu W, Yan X, Gao L, Zheng B, Wu B. Anion-Coordination Foldamer-Based Polymer Network: from Molecular Spring to Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400989. [PMID: 38623921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Foldamer is a scaled-down version of coil spring, which can absorb and release energy by conformational change. Here, polymer networks with high density of molecular springs were developed by employing anion-coordination-based foldamers as the monomer. The coiling of the foldamer is controlled by oligo(urea) ligands coordinating to chloride ions; subsequently, the folding and unfolding of foldamer conformations endow the polymer network with excellent energy dissipation and toughness. The mechanical performance of the corresponding polymer networks shows a dramatic increase from P-L2UCl (non-folding), to P-L4UCl (a full turn), and then to P-L6UCl (1.5 turns), in terms of strength (2.62 MPa; 14.26 MPa; 22.93 MPa), elongation at break (70 %; 325 %; 352 %), Young's modulus (2.69 MPa; 63.61 MPa; 141.50 MPa), and toughness (1.12 MJ/m3; 21.39 MJ/m3; 49.62 MJ/m3), respectively, which is also better than those without anion centers and the non-foldamer based counterparts. Moreover, P-L6UCl shows enhanced strength and toughness than most of the molecular-spring based polymer networks. Thus, an effective strategy for designing high-performance anion-coordination-based materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou J, Sathe D, Ciccotelli A, Wang J. Synthesis and mechanochemical inertness of a Zn (
II
) bidipyrrin double helix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
| | - Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
| | - Andrew Ciccotelli
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
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4
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Miller KA, Dodo OJ, Devkota GP, Kirinda VC, Bradford KGE, Sparks J, Hartley CS, Konkolewicz D. Aromatic Foldamers as Molecular Springs in Network Polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5590-5593. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks crosslinked with spring-like ortho-phenylene (oP) foldamers were developed. NMR analysis indicated the oP crosslinkers were well-folded. Polymer networks with oP-based crosslinkers showed enhanced energy dissipation and elasticity compared...
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5
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Liu CZ, Yan M, Wang H, Zhang DW, Li ZT. Making Molecular and Macromolecular Helical Tubes: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5165-5176. [PMID: 31458731 PMCID: PMC6641876 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic foldamers possess well-defined cavity that can be stabilized by discrete intramolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding, solvophobicity, electrostatic repulsion, or coordination. Long foldamers can form dynamic deep helical tubular architectures that are not only structurally attractive but also useful hosts for guest encapsulation, chirality induction, delivery, and catalysis. This kind of helical tubular structures can be formed by single molecules or macromolecules or by connecting short-folded or helical segments through noncovalent or covalent forces. This perspective summarizes the recent advances on the construction of helical tubes and their properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhi Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, andCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy
Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, andCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy
Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, andCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy
Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, andCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy
Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- E-mail: (D.-W.Z.)
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, andCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy
Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- E-mail: (Z.-T.L.)
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6
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Montero de Espinosa L, Meesorn W, Moatsou D, Weder C. Bioinspired Polymer Systems with Stimuli-Responsive Mechanical Properties. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12851-12892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Levy A, Gaver E, Wang F, Galant O, Diesendruck CE. The effect of intramolecular cross links on the mechanochemical fragmentation of polymers in solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10132-10135. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic studies show that intramolecular cross-link stabilization of polymers towards mechanochemistry in solution is more significant at higher degrees of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Levy
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Elad Gaver
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Feng Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Or Galant
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
- Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Centre
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8
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Li C. Pillararene-based supramolecular polymers: from molecular recognition to polymeric aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12420-33. [PMID: 25033095 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes (P[n]As) and their derivatives, consisting of (substituted) hydroquinone units linked by methylene bridges at para-positions, are new type of cyclophane hosts developed in 2008. Their intrinsic characteristics and properties, such as facile preparation and flexible modification, symmetrical and columnar architectures, very rigid and π-rich cavities, as well as intriguing and peculiar guest complexation capability, make them ideal building blocks for the fabrication of polymeric supramolecules. This Feature Article provides an overview of the construction of pillararene-based supramolecular polymers and covers recent research endeavors of the marriage between pillararene-based host-guest pairs and polymeric aggregates. These polymers are classified into two major classes according to the different types of guest species: (1) supramolecular polymers relying on pillararene-based cationic guest recognition; (2) supramolecular polymers relying on pillararene-based neutral guest recognition. The host-guest motifs, building strategies, topological architectures, stimuli-responsiveness and functionalities are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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9
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Wang S, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lin Y, Weng L, Han K, Li J, Jia X, Li C. The marriage of endo-cavity and exo-wall complexation provides a facile strategy for supramolecular polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3434-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08820d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The marriage of exo-wall interactions and endo-cavity inclusion provides a new strategy for the construction of supramolecular polymers from unfunctionalized neutral receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenxia Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Yuejian Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Linhong Weng
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Kang Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
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10
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Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Glasses, Melts, and Elastomers. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Hydrogen-Bonding-Driven Aromatic Foldamers: Their Structural and Functional Evolution. CHEM REC 2014; 15:233-51. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Monemian S, Jang KS, Ghassemi H, Korley LTJ. Probing the Interplay of Ultraviolet Cross-Linking and Noncovalent Interactions in Supramolecular Elastomers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedali Monemian
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Keon-Soo Jang
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Hossein Ghassemi
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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13
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Zhang DW, Zhao X, Li ZT. Aromatic amide and hydrazide foldamer-based responsive host-guest systems. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1961-70. [PMID: 24673152 DOI: 10.1021/ar5000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: In host-guest chemistry, a larger host molecule selectively and noncovalently binds to a smaller guest molecule or ion. Early studies of host-guest chemistry focused on the recognition of spherical metal or ammonium ions by macrocyclic hosts, such as cyclic crown ethers. In these systems, preorganization enables their binding sites to cooperatively contact and attract a guest. Although some open-chain crown ether analogues possess similar, but generally lower, binding affinities, the design of acyclic molecular recognition hosts has remained challenging. One of the most successful examples was rigid molecular tweezers, acyclic covalently bonded preorganized host molecules with open cavities that bind tightly as they stiffen. Depending on the length of the atomic backbones, hydrogen bonding-driven aromatic amide foldamers can form open or closed cavities. Through rational design of the backbones and the introduction of added functional groups, researchers can regulate the shape and size of the cavity. The directionality of hydrogen bonding and the inherent rigidity of aromatic amide units allow researchers to predict both the shape and size of the cavity of an aromatic amide foldamer. Therefore, researchers can then design guest molecules with structure that matches the cavity shape, size, and binding sites of the foldamer host. In addition, because hydrogen bonds are dynamic, researchers can design structures that can adapt to outside stimuli to produce responsive supramolecular architectures. In this Account, we discuss how aromatic amide and hydrazide foldamers induced by hydrogen bonding can produce responsive host-guest systems, based on research by our group and others. First we highlight the helical chirality induced as binding occurs in solution, which includes the induction of helicity by chiral guests in oligomeric and polymeric foldamers, the formation of diastereomeric complexes between chiral foldamer hosts and guests, and the induction of helical chirality by chiral guests into inherently flexible backbones. In addition, molecular or ion-pair guests can produce supramolecular helical chirality in the organogel state. Such structures exhibit remarkable time-dependence and a "Sergeants and Soldiers" effect that are not observed for other two-component organogels that have been reported. We further illustrate that the reversible folding behavior of an aromatic amide foldamer segment can modulate the switching behavior of donor-acceptor interaction-based [2]rotaxanes. Finally we show that a folded oligomer can induce folding in one or two attached intrinsically flexible oligomers, an example of a solvent-responsive intramolecular host-guest system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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15
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Wu CF, Li ZM, Xu XN, Zhao ZX, Zhao X, Wang RX, Li ZT. Folding-Induced Folding: The Assembly of Aromatic Amide and 1,2,3-Triazole Hybrid Helices. Chemistry 2014; 20:1418-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Deng H, Li J, Zheng K, Jia X, Li C. A Neutral Supramolecular Hyperbranched Polymer Fabricated from an AB2
-Type Copillar[5]arene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1856-62. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Laboratory for Microstructures; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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17
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Peleg O, Savin T, Kolmakov GV, Salib IG, Balazs AC, Kröger M, Vogel V. Fibers with integrated mechanochemical switches: minimalistic design principles derived from fibronectin. Biophys J 2013. [PMID: 23199919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by molecular mechanisms that cells exploit to sense mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals, chemists dream of designing mechanochemical switches integrated into materials. Using the adhesion protein fibronectin, whose multiple repeats essentially display distinct molecular recognition motifs, we derived a computational model to explain how minimalistic designs of repeats translate into the mechanical characteristics of their fibrillar assemblies. The hierarchy of repeat-unfolding within fibrils is controlled not only by their relative mechanical stabilities, as found for single molecules, but also by the strength of cryptic interactions between adjacent molecules that become activated by stretching. The force-induced exposure of cryptic sites furthermore regulates the nonlinearity of stress-strain curves, the strain at which such fibers break, and the refolding kinetics and fraction of misfolded repeats. Gaining such computational insights at the mesoscale is important because translating protein-based concepts into novel polymer designs has proven difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Peleg
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Zhang DW, Zhao X, Hou JL, Li ZT. Aromatic Amide Foldamers: Structures, Properties, and Functions. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5271-316. [PMID: 22871167 DOI: 10.1021/cr300116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai
200032, China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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19
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Zhang KD, Zhao X, Wang GT, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lu HJ, Jiang XK, Li ZT. Foldamers in pseudo[2]rotaxanes and [2]rotaxanes: tuning the switching kinetics and metastability. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Ariga K, Mori T, Hill JP. Mechanical control of nanomaterials and nanosystems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:158-76. [PMID: 21953700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In situations of power outage or shortage, such as periods just following a seismic disaster, the only reliable power source available is the most fundamental of forces i.e., manual mechanical stimuli. Although there are many macroscopic mechanical tools, mechanical control of nanomaterials and nanosystems has not been an easy subject to develop even by using advanced nanotechnological concepts. However, this challenge has now become a hot topic and many new ideas and strategies have been proposed recently. This report summarizes recent research examples of mechanical control of nanomaterials and nanosystems. Creation of macroscopic mechanical outputs by efficient accumulation of molecular-level phenomena is first briefly introduced. We will then introduce the main subject: control of molecular systems by macroscopic mechanical stimuli. The research described is categorized according to the respective areas of mechanical control of molecular structure, molecular orientation, molecular interaction including cleavage and healing, and biological and micron-level phenomena. Finally, we will introduce two more advanced approaches, namely, mechanical strategies for microdevice fabrication and mechanical control of molecular machines. As mechanical forces are much more reliable and widely applicable than other stimuli, we believe that development of mechanically responsive nanomaterials and nanosystems will make a significant contribution to fundamental improvements in our lifestyles and help to maintain and stabilize our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research, Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba, Japan.
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Salib IG, Kolmakov GV, Bucior BJ, Peleg O, Kröger M, Savin T, Vogel V, Matyjaszewski K, Balazs AC. Using mesoscopic models to design strong and tough biomimetic polymer networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13796-13805. [PMID: 21977962 DOI: 10.1021/la202760z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using computational modeling, we investigate the mechanical properties of polymeric materials composed of coiled chains, or "globules", which encompass a folded secondary structure and are cross-linked by labile bonds to form a macroscopic network. In the presence of an applied force, the globules can unfold into linear chains and thereby dissipate energy as the network is deformed; the latter attribute can contribute to the toughness of the material. Our goal is to determine how to tailor the labile intra- and intermolecular bonds within the network to produce material exhibiting both toughness and strength. Herein, we use the lattice spring model (LSM) to simulate the globules and the cross-linked network. We also utilize our modified Hierarchical Bell model (MHBM) to simulate the rupture and reforming of N parallel bonds. By applying a tensile deformation, we demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the system are sensitive to the values of N(in) and N(out), the respective values of N for the intra- and intermolecular bonds. We find that the strength of the material is mainly controlled by the value of N(out), with the higher value of N(out) providing a stronger material. We also find that, if N(in) is smaller than N(out), the globules can unfold under the tensile load before the sample fractures and, in this manner, can increase the ductility of the sample. Our results provide effective strategies for exploiting relatively weak, labile interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding or the thiol/disulfide exchange reaction) in both the intra- and intermolecular bonds to tailor the macroscopic performance of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Salib
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Zhang KD, Zhao X, Wang GT, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lu HJ, Jiang XK, Li ZT. Foldamer-Tuned Switching Kinetics and Metastability of [2]Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Roy A, Prabhakaran P, Baruah PK, Sanjayan GJ. Diversifying the structural architecture of synthetic oligomers: the hetero foldamer approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11593-611. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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