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Erwin AJ, Xu W, He H, Matyjaszewski K, Tsukruk VV. Linear and Star Poly(ionic liquid) Assemblies: Surface Monolayers and Multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3187-3199. [PMID: 28277672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology and organization of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] are explored in conjunction with their molecular architecture, adsorption conditions, and postassembly treatments. The formation of stable PIL Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers at the air-water and air-solid interfaces is demonstrated. The hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N-) is shown to be a critical agent governing the assembly morphology, as observed in the reversible condensation of LB monolayers into dense nanodroplets. The PIL is then incorporated as an unconventional polyelectrolyte component in the layer-by-layer (LbL) films of hydrophobic character. We demonstrate that the interplay of capillary forces, macromolecular mobility, and structural relaxation of the polymer chains influence the dewetting mechanisms in the PIL multilayers, thereby enabling access to a diverse set of highly textured, porous, and interconnected network morphologies for PIL LbL films that would otherwise be absent in conventional LbL films. Their compartmentalized internal structure is relevant to molecular separation membranes, ultrathin hydrophobic coatings, targeted cargo delivery, and highly conductive films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Erwin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Hongkun He
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Xu W, Ledin PA, Shevchenko VV, Tsukruk VV. Architecture, Assembly, and Emerging Applications of Branched Functional Polyelectrolytes and Poly(ionic liquid)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12570-12596. [PMID: 26010902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Branched polyelectrolytes with cylindrical brush, dendritic, hyperbranched, grafted, and star architectures bearing ionizable functional groups possess complex and unique assembly behavior in solution at surfaces and interfaces as compared to their linear counterparts. This review summarizes the recent developments in the introduction of various architectures and understanding of the assembly behavior of branched polyelectrolytes with a focus on functional polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s with responsive properties. The branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s interact electrostatically with small molecules, linear polyelectrolytes, or other branched polyelectrolytes to form assemblies of hybrid nanoparticles, multilayer thin films, responsive microcapsules, and ion-conductive membranes. The branched structures lead to unconventional assemblies and complex hierarchical structures with responsive properties as summarized in this review. Finally, we discuss prospectives for emerging applications of branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s for energy harvesting and storage, controlled delivery, chemical microreactors, adaptive surfaces, and ion-exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Petr A Ledin
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- ‡Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkovskoe shosse 48, Kiev 02160, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Steinschulte AA, Xu W, Draber F, Hebbeker P, Jung A, Bogdanovski D, Schneider S, Tsukruk VV, Plamper FA. Interface-enforced complexation between copolymer blocks. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3559-3565. [PMID: 25807174 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Binary diblock copolymers and corresponding ternary miktoarm stars are studied at oil-water interfaces. All polymers contain oil-soluble poly(propylene oxide) PPO, water-soluble poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) PDMAEMA and/or poly(ethylene oxide) PEO. The features of their Langmuir compression isotherms are well related to the ones of the corresponding homopolymers. Within the Langmuir-trough, PEO-b-PPO acts as the most effective amphiphile compared to the other PPO-containing copolymers. In contrast, the compression isotherms show a complexation of PPO and PDMAEMA for PPO-b-PDMAEMA and the star, reducing their overall amphiphilicity. Such complex formation between the blocks of PPO-b-PDMAEMA is prevented in bulk water but facilitated at the interface. The weakly-interacting blocks of PPO-b-PDMAEMA form a complex due to their enhanced proximity in such confined environments. Scanning force microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations with varying confinement support our results, which are regarded as compliant with the mathematical random walk theorem by Pólya. Finally, the results are expected to be of relevance for e.g. emulsion formulation and macromolecular engineering.
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Xu W, Ledin PA, Iatridi Z, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Multiresponsive Star-Graft Quarterpolymer Monolayers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Petr A. Ledin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Zacharoula Iatridi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical
Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical
Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Iatridi Z, Lencina MMS, Tsitsilianis C. PNIPAM-based heteroarm star-graft quarterpolymers: synthesis, characterization and pH-dependent thermoresponsiveness in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of PSn(P2VP-b-PAA-g-PNIPAM)n heteroarm star-graft quarterpolymers, the thermoresponsiveness of which is strongly dependent on pH ionic strength, and their macromolecular features, e.g. arm number and grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharoula Iatridi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
| | | | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences ICE/HT-FORTH
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Choi I, Kulkarni DD, Xu W, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Star polymer unimicelles on graphene oxide flakes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9761-9769. [PMID: 23883114 DOI: 10.1021/la401597p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the interfacial assembly of amphiphilic heteroarm star copolymers (PSnP2VPn and PSn(P2VP-b-PtBA)n (n = 28 arms)) on graphene oxide flakes at the air-water interface. Adsorption, spreading, and ordering of star polymer micelles on the surface of the basal plane and edge of monolayer graphene oxide sheets were investigated on a Langmuir trough. This interface-mediated assembly resulted in micelle-decorated graphene oxide sheets with uniform spacing and organized morphology. We found that the surface activity of solvated graphene oxide sheets enables star polymer surfactants to subsequently adsorb on the presuspended graphene oxide sheets, thereby producing a bilayer complex. The positively charged heterocyclic pyridine-containing star polymers exhibited strong affinity onto the basal plane and edge of graphene oxide, leading to a well-organized and long-range ordered discrete micelle assembly. The preferred binding can be related to the increased conformational entropy due to the reduction of interarm repulsion. The extent of coverage was tuned by controlling assembly parameters such as concentration and solvent polarity. The polymer micelles on the basal plane remained incompressible under lateral compression in contrast to ones on the water surface due to strongly repulsive confined arms on the polar surface of graphene oxide and a preventive barrier in the form of the sheet edges. The densely packed biphasic tile-like morphology was evident, suggesting the high interfacial stability and mechanically stiff nature of graphene oxide sheets decorated with star polymer micelles. This noncovalent assembly represents a facile route for the control and fabrication of graphene oxide-inclusive ultrathin hybrid films applicable for layered nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikjun Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Sheiko SS, Zhou J, Arnold J, Neugebauer D, Matyjaszewski K, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV, Carrillo JMY, Dobrynin AV, Rubinstein M. Perfect mixing of immiscible macromolecules at fluid interfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:735-740. [PMID: 23708330 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of mixing chemically incompatible substances--in particular macromolecules and colloidal particles--is a canonical problem limiting advances in fields ranging from health care to materials engineering. Although the self-assembly of chemically different moieties has been demonstrated in coordination complexes, supramolecular structures, and colloidal lattices among other systems, the mechanisms of mixing largely rely on specific interfacing of chemically, physically or geometrically complementary objects. Here, by taking advantage of the steric repulsion between brush-like polymers tethered to surface-active species, we obtained long-range arrays of perfectly mixed macromolecules with a variety of polymer architectures and a wide range of chemistries without the need of encoding specific complementarity. The net repulsion arises from the significant increase in the conformational entropy of the brush-like polymers with increasing distance between adjacent macromolecules at fluid interfaces. This entropic-templating assembly strategy enables long-range patterning of thin films on sub-100 nm length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
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Choi I, Malak ST, Xu W, Heller WT, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Multicompartmental Microcapsules from Star Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikjun Choi
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sidney T. Malak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - William T. Heller
- Biology & Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece, and Institute
of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT)
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Kodiyath R, Choi I, Patterson B, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Interfacial behavior of pH responsive ampholytic heteroarm star block terpolymers. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li H, Li Z, Wu L, Liu F, Zhou J, Luan M, Yu M, Wei L. Water-soluble starlike poly(acrylic acid) graft polymer: preparation and application as templates for silver nanoclusters. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Suntivich R, Choi I, Gupta MK, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Gold nanoparticles grown on star-shaped block copolymer monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10730-10738. [PMID: 21790125 DOI: 10.1021/la2022566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the growth of gold nanoparticles in polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP) star-shaped block copolymer monolayers. These amphiphilic PS(n)P2VP(n) heteroarm star copolymers differ in molecular weight (149,000 and 529,000 Da) and the number of arms (9 and 28). Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition was utilized to control the spatial arrangement of P2VP arms and their ability to reduce gold nanoparticles. The PS(n)P2VP(n) monolayer acted as a template for gold nanoparticle growth because of the monolayer's high micellar stability at the liquid-solid interface, uniform domain morphology, and ability to adsorb Au ions from the water subphase. UV-vis spectra and AFM and TEM images confirmed the formation of individual gold nanoparticles with an average size of 6 ± 1 nm in the P2VP-rich outer phase. This facile strategy is critical to the formation of ultrathin polymer-gold nanocomposite layers over large surface areas with confined, one-sided positioning of gold nanoparticles in an outer P2VP phase at polymer-silicon interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanon Suntivich
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, USA
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Linardatos G, Tsoukleri G, Parthenios J, Galiotis C, Monticelli O, Russo S, Tsitsilianis C. Nanostructured Heteroarm Star Block Terpolymers via an Extension of the “In-Out” Polymerization Route. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 32:371-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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