1
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Walhout PK, He Z, Dutagaci B, Nawrocki G, Feig M. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Rhodamine B Zwitterion Diffusion in Polyelectrolyte Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10256-10272. [PMID: 36440862 PMCID: PMC9813770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes continue to find wide interest and application in science and engineering, including areas such as water purification, drug delivery, and multilayer thin films. We have been interested in the dynamics of small molecules in a variety of polyelectrolyte (PE) environments; in this paper, we report simulations and analysis of the small dye molecule rhodamine B (RB) in several very simple polyelectrolyte solutions. Translational diffusion of the RB zwitterion has been measured in fully atomistic, 2 μs long molecular dynamics simulations in four different polyelectrolyte solutions. Two solutions contain the common polyanion sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), one with a 30-mer chain and the other with 10 trimers. The other two solutions contain the common polycation poly(allyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA), one with two 15-mers and the other with 10 trimers. RB diffusion was also simulated in several polymer-free solutions to verify its known experimental value for the translational diffusion coefficient, DRB, of 4.7 × 10-6 cm2/s at 300 K. RB diffusion was slowed in all four simulated PE solutions, but to varying degrees. DRB values of 3.07 × 10-6 and 3.22 × 10-6 cm2/s were found in PSS 30-mer and PSS trimer solutions, respectively, whereas PDDA 15-mer and trimer solutions yielded values of 2.19 × 10-6 and 3.34 × 10-6 cm2/s. Significant associations between RB and the PEs were analyzed and interpreted via a two-state diffusion model (bound and free diffusion) that describes the data well. Crowder size effects and anomalous diffusion were also analyzed. Finally, RB translation along the polyelectrolytes during association was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe He
- Wheaton College, Chemistry Department, 501 College Ave, Wheaton, IL 60187
| | - Bercem Dutagaci
- Michigan State University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 218, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Grzegorz Nawrocki
- Michigan State University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 218, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Michael Feig
- Michigan State University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 218, East Lansing, MI 48824
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2
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Li J, He R, Yuan H, Fang F, Zhou G, Yang Z. Molecular Insights into the Effect of Asymmetric Anions on Lithium Coordination and Transport Properties in Salt-Doped Poly(ionic liquid) Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyao He
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobing Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Khavani M, Batys P, Lalwani SM, Eneh CI, Leino A, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Effect of Ethanol and Urea as Solvent Additives on PSS–PDADMA Polyelectrolyte Complexation. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3140-3150. [PMID: 35492577 PMCID: PMC9052311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The effect of urea
and ethanol additives on aqueous solutions of
poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(diallyldimethylammonium)
(PDADMA), and their complexation interactions are examined here via
molecular dynamics simulations, interconnected laser Doppler velocimetry,
and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. It is found that
urea and ethanol have significant, yet opposite influences on PSS
and PDADMA solvation and interactions. Notably, ethanol is systematically
depleted from solvating the charge groups but condenses at the hydrophobic
backbone of PSS. As a consequence of the poorer solvation environment
for the ionic groups, ethanol significantly increases the extent of
counterion condensation. On the other hand, urea readily solvates
both polyelectrolytes and replaces water in solvation. For PSS, urea
causes disruption of the hydrogen bonding of the PSS headgroup with
water. In PSS–PDADMA complexation, these differences influence
changes in the binding configurations relative to the case of pure
water. Specifically, added ethanol leads to loosening of the complex
caused by the enhancement of counterion condensation; added urea pushes
polyelectrolyte chains further apart because of the formation of a
persistent solvation shell. In total, we find that the effects of
urea and ethanol rise from changes in the microscopic-level solvation
environment and conformation resulting from solvating water being
replaced by the additive. The differences cannot be explained purely
via considering relative permittivity and continuum level electrostatic
screening. Taken together, the findings could bear significance in
tuning polyelectrolyte materials’ mechanical and swelling characteristics
via solution additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khavani
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Leino
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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4
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Pigareva VA, Senchikhin IN, Bolshakova AV, Sybachin AV. Modification of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride with Sodium Polystyrenesulfonate Dramatically Changes the Resistance of Polymer-Based Coatings towards Wash-Off from Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061247. [PMID: 35335577 PMCID: PMC8955630 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer coatings based on polycations represent a perspective class of protective antimicrobial coatings. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and its water-soluble complexes with sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) were studied by means of dynamic light-scattering, laser microelectrophoresis and turbidimetry. It was shown that addition of six mol.% of polyanion to polycation results in formation of interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) that was stable towards phase separation in water-salt media with a concentration of salts (NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4) up to 0.5 M. Most of the polyelectrolyte coatings are made by layer-by-layer deposition. The utilization of water-soluble IPEC for the direct deposition on the surface was studied. The coatings from the PDADMAC and the PSS/PDADMAC complex were formed on the surfaces of hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic polyvinylchloride. It was found that formation IPEC allows one to increase the stability of the coating towards wash-off with water in comparison to individual PDADMAC coating on both types of substrates. The visualization of the coatings was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava A. Pigareva
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Ivan N. Senchikhin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Bolshakova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Sybachin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4959393114
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5
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Ruttinger AW, Clancy P. Molecular modeling of interfacial layer-by-layer assembly towards functionalized capsule materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19915-19928. [PMID: 34781323 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated nanomaterials, such as polymer-coated nanoemulsions, have highly tunable properties leading to versatile applications. A current lack of understanding of the fundamentals governing the choice of "capsule" materials (polyelectrolyte + surfactant) and its ensuing performance effectively precludes their widespread use. Computational methods can start to redress this by discovering molecule-scale attributes that significantly control the design of capsule materials tuned to fit desired properties. We use molecular dynamics (MD) to carry out the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of six unique polyelectrolyte bilayer systems at a surfactant-mediated interface, modeling early-stage capsule synthesis. Monolayer thickness is related to layer density and polyelectrolyte/surfactant interaction energy through polyelectrolyte molecular weight and radius of gyration, respectively, yielding a simple relationship between absorption kinetics and layer structure. For the second monolayer, faster absorption kinetics are observed for pairings of polyelectrolytes with similarly sized functional groups. Surfactants with a more delocalized charge on the head-group catalyze the build-up of ions at the interface, resulting in faster absorption kinetics and greater confinement of the encapsulated material but leading to thicker, less uniform bilayers. These relationships between capsule building block molecules and nanomaterial capsule properties provide a foundation for property prediction and rational design of optimized multi-functional capsule materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Ruttinger
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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6
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Ion-Specific and Solvent Effects on PDADMA–PSS Complexation and Multilayer Formation. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various parameters that influence the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes and multilayers, special emphasis should be placed on ion-specific and solvent effects. In our study, we systematically examined the above-mentioned effects on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMACl)-sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) complexation in solution and at the surface by means of dynamic light scattering, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy measurements. As solvents, we used water and water/ethanol mixture. The obtained results confirm the importance of ion-specific and solvent effects on complexes prepared in solution, as well as on multilayers built up on a silica surface. The experiments in mixed solvent solution showed that at a higher ethanol mole fraction, the decrease in monomer titrant to titrand ratio, at which the increase in the size of complexes is observed, takes place. The difference between chloride and bromide ions was more pronounced at a higher mole fraction of ethanol and in the case of positive complex formation, suggesting that the larger amount of bromide ions could be condensed to the polycation chain. These findings are in accordance with the results we obtained for polyelectrolyte multilayers and could be helpful for designing polyelectrolyte multilayers with tuned properties needed for various applications, primarily in the field of biomedicine.
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7
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Li L, Cao Q, Liu H, Qiao X, Gu Z, Yu Y, Zuo C. Understanding interactions between poly(styrene‐
co
‐sodium styrene sulfonate) and
single‐walled
carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province) Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiqing Gu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Chuncheng Zuo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
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8
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Ghasemi M, Friedowitz S, Larson RG. Analysis of Partitioning of Salt through Doping of Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sean Friedowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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PDADMAC/PSS Oligoelectrolyte Multilayers: Internal Structure and Hydration Properties at Early Growth Stages from Atomistic Simulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081848. [PMID: 32316422 PMCID: PMC7222011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the internal structure and hydration properties of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) oligoelectrolyte multilayers at early stages of their layer-by-layer growth process. Our study is based on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with atomistic resolution that we presented recently [Sánchez et al., Soft Matter2019, 15, 9437], in which we produced the first four deposition cycles of a multilayer obtained by alternate exposure of a flat silica substrate to aqueous electrolyte solutions of such polymers at 0.1M of NaCl. In contrast to any previous work, here we perform a local structural analysis that allows us to determine the dependence of the multilayer properties on the distance to the substrate. We prove that the large accumulation of water and ions next to the substrate observed in previous overall measurements actually decreases the degree of intrinsic charge compensation, but this remains as the main mechanism within the interface region. We show that the range of influence of the substrate reaches approximately 3 nm, whereas the structure of the outer region is rather independent from the position. This detailed characterization is essential for the development of accurate mesoscale models able to reach length and time scales of technological interest.
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10
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Batys P, Morga M, Bonarek P, Sammalkorpi M. pH-Induced Changes in Polypeptide Conformation: Force-Field Comparison with Experimental Validation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2961-2972. [PMID: 32182068 PMCID: PMC7590956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, circular dichroism, laser Doppler velocimetry, and dynamic light-scattering techniques have been used to investigate pH-induced changes in the secondary structure, charge, and conformation of poly l-lysine (PLL) and poly l-glutamic acid (PGA). The employed combination of the experimental methods reveals for both PLL and PGA a narrow pH range at which they are charged enough to form stable colloidal suspensions, maintaining their α-helix content above 60%; an elevated charge state of the peptides required for colloidal stability promotes the peptide solvation as a random coil. To obtain a more microscopic view on the conformations and to verify the modeling performance, peptide secondary structure and conformations rising in MD simulations are also examined using three different force fields, i.e., OPLS-AA, CHARMM27, and AMBER99SB*-ILDNP. Ramachandran plots reveal that in the examined setup the α-helix content is systematically overestimated in CHARMM27, while OPLS-AA overestimates the β-sheet fraction at lower ionization degrees. At high ionization degrees, the OPLS-AA force-field-predicted secondary structure fractions match the experimentally measured distribution most closely. However, the pH-induced changes in PLL and PGA secondary structure are reasonably captured only by the AMBER99SB*-ILDNP force field, with the exception of the fully charged PGA in which the α-helix content is overestimated. The comparison to simulations results shows that the examined force fields involve significant deviations in their predictions for charged homopolypeptides. The detailed mapping of secondary structure dependency on pH for the polypeptides, especially finding the stable colloidal α-helical regime for both examined peptides, has significant potential for practical applications of the charged homopolypeptides. The findings raise attention especially to the pH fine tuning as an underappreciated control factor in surface modification and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Morga
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Department
of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and
Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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11
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Sánchez PA, Vögele M, Smiatek J, Qiao B, Sega M, Holm C. Atomistic simulation of PDADMAC/PSS oligoelectrolyte multilayers: overall comparison of tri- and tetra-layer systems. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9437-9451. [PMID: 31720676 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of atomistically resolved oligoelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, we study in detail the first four layer-by-layer deposition cycles of an oligoelectrolyte multilayer made of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) (PDADMAC/PSS). The multilayers are grown on a silica substrate in 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte solutions and the swollen structures are then subsequently exposed to varying added salt concentration. We investigated the microscopic properties of the films, analyzing in detail the differences between three- and four-layer systems. Our simulations provide insights into the early stages of growth of a multilayer, which are particularly challenging for experimental observations. We found rather strong complexation of the oligoelectrolytes, with fuzzy layering of the film structure. The main charge compensation mechanism is for all cases intrinsic, whereas extrinsic compensation is relatively enhanced for the layer of the last deposition cycle. In addition, we quantified other fundamental observables of these systems, such as the film thickness, water uptake, and overcharge fractions for each deposition layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Sánchez
- Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin av., Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation. and Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Vögele
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcello Sega
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Sill A, Nestler P, Azinfar A, Helm CA. Tailorable Polyanion Diffusion Coefficient in LbL Films: The Role of Polycation Molecular Weight and Polymer Conformation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Sill
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amir Azinfar
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane A. Helm
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Batys P, Kivistö S, Lalwani SM, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Comparing water-mediated hydrogen-bonding in different polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7823-7831. [PMID: 31524209 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the polyelectrolyte-specific influence of hydration and temperature on water diffusion in hydrated polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). Two model PECs were compared: poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The findings show that the strength of the hydrogen bonding i.e. polyelectrolyte water interaction has enormous influence on the water mobility, which has implications for PEC structure and properties. A 10-fold difference in the average water diffusion coefficient between PAH-PSS and PDADMA-PAA PECs at the same hydration level is observed. The vast majority of the water molecules hydrating the PDADMA-PAA PECs, for hydrations in the range of 26-38 wt%, are effectively immobilized, whereas for PAH-PSS PECs the amount of immobilized water decreases with hydration. This points to the polyelectrolyte-specific character of the PE-water hydrogen bonding relationship with temperature. PAA-water hydrogen bonds are found to be significantly less sensitive to temperature than for PSS-water. The polyelectrolyte-water interactions, investigated via radial distribution function, hydrogen bond distance and angle distributions, are connected with resulting structure of the PECs. The PDADMA-PAA and PAH-PSS PECs are prepared experimentally and the states of water at different hydration levels is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experiments confirm the differences between PDADMA-PAA and PAH-PSS PECs observed in the theoretical modelling. The results suggest that the initial predictions of the PEC's bonding with water can be based on simple molecular-level considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Diddens D, Baschnagel J, Johner A. Microscopic Structure of Compacted Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:123-127. [PMID: 35619419 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We utilize atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study local structural changes inside a polyelectrolyte complex consisting of poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) upon densification, in analogy to ultracentrifugation in experiments. In particular, we focus on the water content and on the reinforcement of the PSS-PDADMA network for various external accelerations. We demonstrate that apart from the formation of mesoscopic pores observed experimentally also the microscopic structure and the local relaxation processes likely affect the unique rheological properties of compacted polyelectrolyte complexes, as densification increases both the number of PSS-PDADMA coordinations and the intermixing of PSS and PDADMA. These processes slow down local rearrangements, thus further stabilizing the compacted state. We find that the concept of binary PSS-PDADMA salt bonds-relevant for theoretical models-is not strictly valid in the dense limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diddo Diddens
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
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15
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Batys P, Zhang Y, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Hydration and Temperature Response of Water Mobility in Poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Complexes. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8268-8277. [PMID: 30416210 PMCID: PMC6221370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been exploited to investigate the influence of temperature and hydration on the water distribution and mobility in poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) complexes. The findings show that the vast majority of the water molecules hydrating the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with 18-30 wt % hydration are effectively immobilized due to the strong interactions between the PE charge groups and water. Temperature and hydration were found to decrease similarly the fraction of strongly bound water. Additionally, at low hydration or at low temperatures, water motions become dominantly local vibrations and rotations instead of translational motion; translation dominance is recovered in a similar fashion by increase of both temperature and hydration. DSC experiments corroborate the simulation findings by showing that nonfreezing, bound water dominates in hydrated PECs at comparable hydrations. Our results raise attention to water as an equal variable to temperature in the design and engineering of stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte materials and provide mechanistic explanation for the similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yanpu Zhang
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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16
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Zhang R, Duan X, Ding M, Shi T. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Salt Diffusion in Polyelectrolyte Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6656-6665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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17
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Krishnamoorthy AN, Zeman J, Holm C, Smiatek J. Preferential solvation and ion association properties in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:31312-31322. [PMID: 27824183 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05909k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the solvation and the association properties of ion pairs in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution by atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The ion pair is composed of two lithium and a single sulfonated diphenyl sulfone ion whose properties are studied under the influence of different DMSO concentrations. For increasing mole fractions of DMSO, we observe a non-ideal behavior of the solution as indicated by the derivatives of the chemical activity. Our findings are complemented by dielectric spectra, which also verify a complex DMSO-water mixing behavior. In agreement with these results, further simulation outcomes reveal an aqueous homoselective solvation of the ion species which fosters the occurrence of pronounced ion association constants at higher DMSO mole fractions. The consequences of this finding are demonstrated by lower ionic conductivities for increasing concentrations of DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Zeman
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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De S, Ostendorf A, Schönhoff M, Cramer C. Ion Conduction and Its Activation in Hydrated Solid Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E550. [PMID: 30965857 PMCID: PMC6418868 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, temperature-dependent conductivities at constant water content for a series of solid polyelectrolyte complexes with varying mixing ratios of anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) are presented. For water absorption, the samples are first equilibrated at an ambient temperature and at fixed relative humidity (RH). During the conductivity measurements, the so achieved water content of the samples is kept constant. At all of the hydration levels, the dc conductivities of the hydrated polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) display Arrhenius behavior with activation enthalpies that are significantly lower than those of dry complexes. The activation enthalpy decreases linearly with water content. The lower activation enthalpies in case of hydrated as compared to dried complexes are attributed to a lowering of the energy barriers for ion motion. Finally, it is shown that the temperature-dependent conductivity spectra at constant water content obey the time-temperature superposition principle. Additionally, temperature-dependent conductivities at constant water content are compared to data sets determined in a separate study with constant RH at all of the temperatures. For the latter case, the influence of the type of alkali ion is also considered. Using the broad variety of data sets, the influences of water content and temperature on the conductivity mechanism can be separated from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik De
- NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Annika Ostendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Cramer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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19
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Xu X, Kanduč M, Wu J, Dzubiella J. Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:034901. [PMID: 27448900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pair association between two polyelectrolytes (PEs) of the same size but opposite charge is systematically studied in terms of the potential of mean force (PMF) along their center-of-mass reaction coordinate via coarse-grained, implicit-solvent, explicit-salt computer simulations. The focus is set on the onset and the intermediate transient stages of complexation. At conditions above the counterion-condensation threshold, the PE association process exhibits a distinct sliding-rod-like behavior where the polymer chains approach each other by first stretching out at a critical distance close to their contour length, then "shaking hand" and sliding along each other in a parallel fashion, before eventually folding into a neutral complex. The essential part of the PMF for highly charged PEs can be very well described by a simple theory based on sliding charged "Debye-Hückel" rods with renormalized charges in addition to an explicit entropy contribution owing to the release of condensed counterions. Interestingly, at the onset of complex formation, the mean force between the PE chains is found to be discontinuous, reflecting a bimodal structural behavior that arises from the coexistence of interconnected-rod and isolated-coil states. These two microstates of the PE complex are balanced by subtle counterion release effects and separated by a free-energy barrier due to unfavorable stretching entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matej Kanduč
- Institut für Weiche Materie und Funktionale Materialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Monteillet H, Kleijn JM, Sprakel J, Leermakers FAM. Complex coacervates formed across liquid interfaces: A self-consistent field analysis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:17-30. [PMID: 27530711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Scheutjens-Fleer self-consistent field (SF-SCF) theory is used to study complexation between two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes across an interface formed by two solvents, here called oil and water. The focus is on the composition and the lateral stability of such interfacial coacervate. One polyelectrolyte is chosen to be oil soluble and the other one prefers water, whereas the counter and salt ions are taken to distribute ideally over all phases. There exists an electrostatic associative driving force for the formation of the coacervate phase which increases with decreasing ionic strength and may be assisted by some specific affinity between the associating units and an effective poor solvency for the coacervate. As with respect to the lateral stability an unusual wetting scenario, called pseudo-partial wetting, presents itself, which results from interactions on two different length scales. On the segmental length the screening of oil-water contacts promotes the wetting by the coacervate: a pre-wetting jump-like transition takes place off-coexistence from a microscopically thin to a mesoscopically thin film. Usually this implies complete wetting. However, the mesoscopically thin film is exposed to long-ranged attractive electrostatic interactions and therefore cannot grow to macroscopic dimensions upon approach towards coexistence. Hence the system remains partial wet. The bulk correlation length controls the thickness of the mesoscopically thin film and as a result the wetting transition occurs extremely close to the bulk critical point. We therefore expect that a thick coacervate film typically is laterally inhomogeneous: there are drops on top of a mesoscopically thin coacervate film. This conclusion qualitatively explains the experimental observation that such a coacervate film scatters visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Monteillet
- Wageningen University, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - J M Kleijn
- Wageningen University, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - J Sprakel
- Wageningen University, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - F A M Leermakers
- Wageningen University, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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21
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Antila HS, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Role of Salt and Water in the Plasticization of PDAC/PSS Polyelectrolyte Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2016; 121:322-333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hanne S. Antila
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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22
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Salehi A, Larson RG. A Molecular Thermodynamic Model of Complexation in Mixtures of Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes with Explicit Account of Charge Association/Dissociation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salehi
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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23
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Vögele M, Holm C, Smiatek J. Coarse-grained simulations of polyelectrolyte complexes: MARTINI models for poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium). J Chem Phys 2016; 143:243151. [PMID: 26723636 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present simulations of aqueous polyelectrolyte complexes with new MARTINI models for the charged polymers poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium). Our coarse-grained polyelectrolyte models allow us to study large length and long time scales with regard to chemical details and thermodynamic properties. The results are compared to the outcomes of previous atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and verify that electrostatic properties are reproduced by our MARTINI coarse-grained approach with reasonable accuracy. Structural similarity between the atomistic and the coarse-grained results is indicated by a comparison between the pair radial distribution functions and the cumulative number of surrounding particles. Our coarse-grained models are able to quantitatively reproduce previous findings like the correct charge compensation mechanism and a reduced dielectric constant of water. These results can be interpreted as the underlying reason for the stability of polyelectrolyte multilayers and complexes and validate the robustness of the proposed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vögele
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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24
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Hahn MB, Solomun T, Wellhausen R, Hermann S, Seitz H, Meyer S, Kunte HJ, Zeman J, Uhlig F, Smiatek J, Sturm H. Influence of the Compatible Solute Ectoine on the Local Water Structure: Implications for the Binding of the Protein G5P to DNA. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15212-20. [PMID: 26555929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms accumulate molar concentrations of compatible solutes like ectoine to prevent proteins from denaturation. Direct structural or spectroscopic information on the mechanism and about the hydration shell around ectoine are scarce. We combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confocal Raman spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the local hydration shell around ectoine and its influence on the binding of a gene-5-protein (G5P) to a single-stranded DNA (dT25). Due to the very high hygroscopicity of ectoine, it was possible to analyze the highly stable hydration shell by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Corresponding molecular dynamics simulation results revealed a significant change of the water dielectric constant in the presence of a high molar ectoine concentration as compared to pure water. The SPR data showed that the amount of protein bound to DNA decreases in the presence of ectoine, and hence, the protein-DNA dissociation constant increases in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the Raman spectra in terms of the amide I region revealed large changes in the protein secondary structure. Our results indicate that ectoine strongly affects the molecular recognition between the protein and the oligonucleotide, which has important consequences for osmotic regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benjamin Hahn
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , D-12205 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Free University Berlin , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tihomir Solomun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wellhausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytic and Bioprocesses , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytic and Bioprocesses , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harald Seitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytic and Bioprocesses , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Susann Meyer
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , D-12205 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam , D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Kunte
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeman
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart , D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart , D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart , D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , D-12205 Berlin, Germany.,Technical University Berlin , D-10587 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Zhang Y, Yildirim E, Antila HS, Valenzuela LD, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. The influence of ionic strength and mixing ratio on the colloidal stability of PDAC/PSS polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7392-401. [PMID: 26268471 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) form by mixing polycation and polyanion solutions together, and have been explored for a variety of applications. One challenge for PEC processing and application is that under certain conditions the as-formed PECs aggregate and precipitate out of suspension over the course of minutes to days. This aggregation is governed by several factors such as electrostatic repulsion, van der Waals attractions, and hydrophobic interactions. In this work, we explore the boundary between colloidally stable and unstable complexes as it is influenced by polycation/polyanion mixing ratio and ionic strength. The polymers examined are poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Physical properties such as turbidity, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential are investigated upon complex formation. We also perform detailed molecular dynamics simulations to examine the structure and effective charge distribution of the PECs at varying mixing ratios and salt concentrations to support the experimental findings. The results suggest that the colloidally stable/unstable boundary possibly marks the screening effects from added salt, resulting in weakly charged complexes that aggregate. At higher salt concentrations, the complexes initially form and then gradually dissolve into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpu Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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26
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Yildirim E, Zhang Y, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Thermal Transitions in Polyelectrolyte Assemblies Occur via a Dehydration Mechanism. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1017-1021. [PMID: 35596439 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrated polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes and multilayers undergo a well-defined thermal transition that bears resemblance to a glass transition. By combining molecular simulations and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDAC) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) multilayers, we establish for the first time that dehydration drives the thermally induced change in plasticization of the complex and in the diffusion behavior of its components. DSC experiments show that the thermal transition appears when the assemblies are hydrated in water but not in the presence of alcohols, which supports that water is required for this transition. These findings connect PE complexes more generally to thermoresponsive polymers and liquid crystal phases, which bear phase transitions driven by the (de)hydration of functional groups, thus forming a fundamental link toward an integrated understanding of the thermal response of molecular materials in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Yildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yanpu Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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27
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Smiatek J. Osmolyte Effects: Impact on the Aqueous Solution around Charged and Neutral Spheres. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:771-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institut für
Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Micciulla S, Dodoo S, Chevigny C, Laschewsky A, von Klitzing R. Short versus long chain polyelectrolyte multilayers: a direct comparison of self-assembly and structural properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21988-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the layer-by-layer growth of short chain (∼30 repeat units per chain) polyelectrolyte multilayers and comparison with classical long chain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Micciulla
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Dodoo
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chloé Chevigny
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung
- , Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Zan X, Hoagland DA, Wang T, Su Z. Ion Dispositions in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - David A. Hoagland
- Polymer Science
and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
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30
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Soltwedel O, Nestler P, Neumann HG, Paßvogel M, Köhler R, Helm CA. Influence of Polycation (PDADMAC) Weight on Vertical Diffusion within Polyelectrolyte Multilayers during Film Formation and Postpreparation Treatment. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301605x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Soltwedel
- Institut für
Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.
6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Institut für
Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.
6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Neumann
- Institut für
Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.
6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malte Paßvogel
- Institut für
Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.
6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Stranski-Laboratorium, TU Berlin, Strasse
des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin,
Germany, and Institut für Weiche Materie und funktionale Materialien, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane A. Helm
- Institut für
Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Felix-Hausdorff-Str.
6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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31
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Qiao BF, Sega M, Holm C. Properties of water in the interfacial region of a polyelectrolyte bilayer adsorbed onto a substrate studied by computer simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11425-32. [PMID: 22801605 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the static and dynamic properties of water near a poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PSS/PDADMA) bilayer adsorbed onto a substrate by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Qualitative changes in the dynamics of water in the proximity of the adsorbed bilayer are observed - such as in the lateral diffusion, residence time and hydrogen-bonding lifetime - as compared with water in the presence of the bare substrate. Static properties of water are similarly influenced, and a high polarization of water molecules is found to be present surprisingly far from the adsorbed bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Fu Qiao
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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32
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Cini N, Tulun T, Blanck C, Toniazzo V, Ruch D, Decher G, Ball V. Slow complexation dynamics between linear short polyphosphates and polyallylamines: analogies with "layer-by-layer" deposits. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3048-56. [PMID: 22277928 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte "complexes" have been studied for almost a century and find more and more applications in cosmetics and DNA transfection. Most of the available studies focused on the thermodynamic aspects of the "complex" formation, mainly to determine phase diagrams and the influence of diverse physicochemical aspects on the formation of "complexes", but conversely less effort has been given to the kinetics of such processes. We describe herein the "complexation" kinetics of a short linear sodium polyphosphate (PSP) with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) in the presence of 10 mM, 0.15 M and 1 M NaCl. We find, by using a combination of physicochemical techniques, that mixtures containing a 1 to 1 molar ratio of phosphate and amino groups allow the formation of "complexes" having a few 100 nm in diameter which progressively grow to particles up to 1.5 microns in hydrodynamic diameter, the growth process being accompanied by some progressive sedimentation. During this slow aggregation kinetics, the polyelectrolytes undergo a release of counterions and the zeta potential changes from a positive value to a negative one of -20 mV which is close to the zeta potential of (PSP-PAH)(n) films deposited under identical physicochemical conditions. Even though the complexes have a negative electrophoretic mobility, they contain an equimolar amount of amino and phosphate groups. This allows us to make some assumption about the structure of such "complexes" and to compare them with other published structures. We will also compare them with the aggregates found during the "layer-by-layer" deposition of the same species under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Cini
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Istanbul, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Han L, Mao Z, Wuliyasu H, Wu J, Gong X, Yang Y, Gao C. Modulating the structure and properties of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) multilayers with concentrated salt solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:193-9. [PMID: 22118499 DOI: 10.1021/la2040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) multilayers were treated with 1-5 M NaCl solutions, resulting in continuous changes in the physicochemical properties of the multilayers. Significant mass loss was observed when the salt concentration was higher than 2 M and reached as high as 72% in a 5 M NaCl solution. The disassembly occurred initially in the superficial layers and then developed in the bulk multilayers. For the multilayers with PDADMAC as the outmost layer, the molar ratio of PSS/PDADMAC was increased and the surface chemistry was changed from PDADMAC domination below 2 M NaCl to PSS domination above 3 M NaCl. Owing to the higher concentrations of uncompensated for polyelectrolytes at both lower and higher salt concentrations, the swelling ratio of the multilayers was decreased until reaching 3 M NaCl and then was increased significantly again. The salt-treated PSS/PDADMAC thin films are expected to show different behaviors in terms of the physical adsorption of various functional substances, cell adhesion and proliferation, and chemical reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Qiao B, Cerdà JJ, Holm C. Atomistic Study of Surface Effects on Polyelectrolyte Adsorption: Case Study of a Poly(styrenesulfonate) Monolayer. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1026109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baofu Qiao
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juan J. Cerdà
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Multiscale Approaches and Perspectives to Modeling Aqueous Electrolytes and Polyelectrolytes. MULTISCALE MOLECULAR METHODS IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011; 307:251-94. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Qiao B, Sega M, Holm C. An atomistic study of a poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) bilayer: the role of surface properties and charge reversal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16336-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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