1
|
Gayen AK, Singla R, Ramakrishnan S. Hyperbranched polymers: growing richer in flavours with time. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1534-1545. [PMID: 38252017 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05506j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been studied for over three decades now; yet several interesting aspects continue to draw the attention of researchers worldwide. This is because of the simplicity of synthesis, their unique globular structure, and the numerous peripherally located functional groups that can be utilised to impart a variety of attributes, such as core-shell amphiphilicity, Janus amphiphilicity, clickable polymeric scaffolds, multifunctional crosslinkers, etc. Several reviews have been written on HBPs with a focus on synthetic strategies, structural diversity, and their potential applications; in this short feature article, we have taken an alternate approach to highlight some of the unique structural features of HBPs and their influence on the properties of HBPs. We also discuss their versatility and adaptability for the generation of several interesting functional polymeric systems. In the latter half, we focus on the utilisation of HBPs as multifunctional scaffolds, that rely on the numerous peripheral terminal groups. We conclude by drawing a structuro-functional analogy between the range of peripherally functionalised HBPs and other analogous, but more complex, polymeric systems. We believe that this review will serve as a visual sounding board that would encourage the development of several other applications for this class of unique polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Gayen
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Runa Singla
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Shi SY, He YG, Chen WW, Liu N, Zhu YY, Ding YS, Yin J, Wu ZQ. Polypeptide-b-Poly(Phenyl Isocyanide) Hybrid Rod-Rod Copolymers: One-Pot Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Cell Imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1511-20. [PMID: 26096462 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid rod-rod diblock copolymers, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-poly(4-cyano-benzoic acid 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexyl ester) (PBLG-PPI), with determined chirality are facilely synthesized through sequential copolymerization of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) and phenyl isocyanide monomers bearing chiral menthyl pendants using a Ni(cod)(bpy) complex as the catalyst in one-pot. Circular dichroism and absorption spectra reveal that each block of the block copolymers possesses a stable helical conformation with controlled helicity in solution due to the induction of chiral pendants. The two diastereomeric polymers self-assemble into helical nanofibrils with opposite handedness due to the different chiral induction of the L- and D-menthyl pendants, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Deprotection of the benzyl groups of the PBLG segment affords biocompatible amphiphilic diblock copolymers, poly(L-glutamic acid)-poly(4-cyano-benzoic acid 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexyl ester) (PLGA-PPI), that can self-assemble into well-defined micelles by cosolvent induced aggregation. Very interestingly, a chiral rhodamine chromophores RhB(D) can be selectively encapsulated into the chiral polymeric micelles, which is efficiently internalized into living cells when directly monitored with a confocal microscope. This contribution will be useful for developing novel rod-rod biocompatible hybrid block copolymers with a controlled helicity, and may also provide unique chiral materials for potential bio-medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Shi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ya-Guang He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei, 230009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanchez-Sanchez A, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Pomposo JA. Metallo-Folded Single-Chain Nanoparticles with Catalytic Selectivity. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:439-443. [PMID: 35590778 DOI: 10.1021/mz5001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the substrate specificity and catalytic activity of enzymes is of great interest for different fields (e.g., chemistry, biology, nanomedicine). Enhanced reaction rates using artificial, enzyme-mimic catalysts based on a variety of molecular structures and nanoentities (e.g., macrocyclic compounds, star and helical polymers, dendrimers) have been previously reported. However, examples of enzyme-sized soft entities displaying substrate specificity are certainly scarce. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of single-chain nanoparticles based on metallo-folded polymer chains containing complexed Cu(II) ions showing catalytic specificity during the oxidative coupling of mixtures of chemically related terminal acetylene substrates. This work paves the way for the easy and efficient construction of other Pd-, Ni-, Co-, Fe-, Mn-, or Mo-containing soft nanoentities approaching the substrate specificity of natural enzymes for a variety of organic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanchez-Sanchez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20800 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Delgado-Pérez T, Bouchet LM, de la Guardia M, Galian RE, Pérez-Prieto J. Sensing Chiral Drugs by Using CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles Capped withN-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Methyl Ester. Chemistry 2013; 19:11068-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Schulte B, Dannenberg CA, Keul H, Möller M. Formation of linear and cyclic polyoxetanes in the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3-allyloxymethyl-3-ethyloxetane and subsequent postpolymerization modification of poly(3-allyloxymethyl-3-ethyloxetane). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Schüll C, Nuhn L, Mangold C, Christ E, Zentel R, Frey H. Linear-Hyperbranched Graft-Copolymers via Grafting-to Strategy Based on Hyperbranched Dendron Analogues and Reactive Ester Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300972v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schüll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Staudingerweg 9,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Mangold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Staudingerweg 9,
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Christ
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kirkorian K, Ellis A, Twyman LJ. Catalytic hyperbranched polymers as enzyme mimics; exploiting the principles of encapsulation and supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6138-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|