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Lee I, Lee J, Lee D, Kim S, Kim SK, Bae I. Synergistic Molecular Alignment and Dipole Polarization in Stretched Nafion/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blend Membranes for High Proton Conduction in PEMFCs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39096244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The nanostructure of Nafion and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend membranes is successfully aligned through a mechanical uniaxial stretching method. The phase-separated morphology of Nafion molecules distinctly forms hydrophilic proton channels with increased connectivity, resulting in enhanced proton conductivity. Additionally, the crystalline phase of PVDF molecules undergoes a successful transformation from the α- to β-phase during membrane stretching, demonstrating an alignment of fluorine and hydrogen atoms with a TTTT(trans) structure. The aligned nanostructure of the blend film, combined with the dipole polarization of the β-phase PVDF, synergistically enhances the proton conduction through the membrane for operating proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The controlled structures of the blend membranes are thoroughly investigated using atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Furthermore, the improved in-plane proton conductivity facilitates increased proton conduction at the interface between the membrane and catalyst layer in the membrane-electrode assembly, ultimately enhancing the power generation of PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksu Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Jaekeun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seungbin Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seong K Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Insung Bae
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
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2
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Zelovich T, Dekel DR, Tuckerman ME. Electrostatic Potential of Functional Cations as a Predictor of Hydroxide Diffusion Pathways in Nanoconfined Environments of Anion Exchange Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:408-415. [PMID: 38179916 PMCID: PMC10801687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanoconfined anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a vital role in emerging electrochemical technologies. The ability to control dominant hydroxide diffusion pathways is an important goal in the design of nanoconfined AEMs. Such control can shorten hydroxide transport pathways between electrodes, reduce transport resistance, and enhance device performance. In this work, we propose an electrostatic potential (ESP) approach to explore the effect of the polymer electrolyte cation spacing on hydroxide diffusion pathways from a molecular perspective. By exploring cation ESP energy surfaces and validating outcomes through prior ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of nanoconfined AEMs, we find that we can achieve control over preferred hydroxide diffusion pathways by adjusting the cation spacing. The results presented in this work provide a unique and straightforward approach to predict preferential hydroxide diffusion pathways, enabling efficient design of highly conductive nanoconfined AEM materials for electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zelovich
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion
− Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
& Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mark E. Tuckerman
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York 10003, United States
- Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New
York University (NYU), New York, New York 10012, United States
- NYU-ECNU
Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Rd. North, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Primachenko ON, Kulvelis YV, Marinenko EA, Gofman IV, Lebedev VT, Kononova SV, Kuklin AI, Ivankov OI, Soloviov DV, Chenneviere A. Orientational uniaxial stretching of proton conducting perfluorinated membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N. Primachenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kulvelis
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
| | - Elena A. Marinenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Iosif V. Gofman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasily T. Lebedev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Kononova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kuklin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Russia
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
| | - Dmytro V. Soloviov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
| | - Alexis Chenneviere
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin UMR12 CEA‐CNRS CEA Saclay Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
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Odess A, Cohen M, Li J, Dantus M, Zussman E, Freger V. Electrospun Ion-Conducting Composite Membrane with Buckling-Induced Anisotropic Through-Plane Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35700-35708. [PMID: 34292704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cell (FC) is an attractive green alternative for today's fuel combustion systems. In common FCs, a polymer electrolyte membrane selectively conducts protons but blocks the passage of electrons and fuel. Nafion, the current benchmark membrane material, has a superior conductivity owing to unique morphology comprising randomly oriented elongated ionic nanochannels within its Teflon-like matrix. Channel orientation enhances Nafion conductivity, yet there has been no facile method to induce a stable alignment in the desired through-plane (TP) direction. Here, we report an approach based on dual electrospun Nafion-PVDF nanofiber composites that yields a stable TP alignment. It utilizes extreme thinness and strong inherent orientation within electrospun nanofibers, which is readily converted to TP alignment by plunging an electrospun nanofiber mat into a thin slit, resulting in nanofiber buckling and subsequent consolidation. Using TEM and SAXS, we demonstrate a pronounced and sustained TP ion channel orientation in prepared membranes, yielding a highly anisotropic swelling and conductivity exceeding that of bulk Nafion when normalized to Nafion content. The analysis also highlights the importance of PVDF as a stabilizing component, preserving orientation upon annealing, while a similarly prepared pure Nafion membrane loses anisotropy. The approach holds potential to advance the FC technology by overcoming current limitations of ionomeric membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Odess
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Matan Cohen
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jian Li
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Mauricio Dantus
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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6
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Yoshida-Hirahara M, Takahashi S, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Synthesis and investigation of sulfonated poly( p-phenylene)-based ionomers with precisely controlled ion exchange capacity for use as polymer electrolyte membranes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12810-12822. [PMID: 35492080 PMCID: PMC9051222 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve precise control of sulfonated polymer structures, a series of poly(p-phenylene)-based ionomers with well-controlled ion exchange capacities (IECs) were synthesised via a three-step technique: (1) preceding sulfonation of the monomer with a protecting group, (2) nickel(0) catalysed coupling polymerisation, and (3) cleavage of the protecting group of the polymers. 2,2-Dimethylpropyl-4-[4-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]benzenesulfonate (NS-DPBP) was synthesised as the preceding sulfonated monomer by treatment with chlorosulfuric acid and neopentyl alcohol. NS-DPBP was readily soluble in various organic solvents and stable during the nickel(0) catalysed coupling reaction. Sulfonated poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) (S-PPBP) homopolymer and seven types of random copolymers (S-PPBP-co-PPBP) with different IECs were obtained by varying the stoichiometry of NS-DPBP. The IECs and weight average molecular weights (Mws) of ionomers were in the range of 0.41–2.84 meq. g−1 and 143 000–465 000 g mol−1, respectively. The water uptake, proton conductivities, and water diffusion properties of ionomers exhibited a strong IEC dependence. Upon increasing the IEC of S-PPBP-co-PPBPs from 0.86 to 2.40 meq. g−1, the conductivities increased from 6.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 to 1.8 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 90% RH. S-PPBP and S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) with IEC values >2.40 meq. g−1 exhibited fast water diffusion (1.6 × 10−11 to 8.0 × 10−10 m2 s−1), and were comparable to commercial perfluorosulfuric acid polymers. When fully hydrated, the maximum power density and the limiting current density of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared with S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) were 712 mW cm−2 and 1840 mA cm−2, respectively. Poly(p-phenylene)-based sulfonated polymers with well-controlled IECs were synthesized via a three-step procedure including preceding sulfonation of precursor monomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miru Yoshida-Hirahara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250.,Research and Development Bureau, Saitama University Shimo-Okubo 255 Sakura-ku Saitama-shi 338-8570 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
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7
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Shi S, Liu Z, Lin Q, Chen X, Kusoglu A. Role of ionic interactions in the deformation and fracture behavior of perfluorosulfonic-acid membranes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1653-1667. [PMID: 31965137 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stability of ion-conductive membranes, such as perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes, as a solid-electrolyte separator in energy devices is strongly linked to their mechanical properties, the characterization of which presents challenges, especially in the presence of ionic interactions. Ionomer membranes' elastic properties are affected by cations; however, their influence on deformation at small and large strains is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we report the stress-strain response and fracture behavior of Nafion membranes exchanged with various cations examined in three deformation regimes. In the small-strain regime, the Young's modulus is strongly dependent on cation size, due to the reduced mobility and local stiffening of polymer chains. The Young's modulus, yield limit and strain-hardening modulus all increase with monovalent cation size in the order H+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+, but with varying dependence. In the failure regime, however, the break strain and fracture energy of the membrane decrease in the presence of larger cations, which promote deformation instability while decreasing plastic dissipation energy during crack propagation, thereby leading to more brittle fracture. These results not only demonstrate the trade-off between strength and fracture toughness, but also reveal how it is altered by the ionic interactions, which also dictate the inverse relationship between stretchability and stiffness. Moreover, the measured stress-strain data are reproduced by the constitutive relations to extract parameters that are correlated to the fracture energy through craze instability. Such relationships provide insight into how parameters extracted from tensile testing can be used to assess membrane stability and the role of ionic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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8
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Daripa S, Khawas K, Das S, Dey RK, Kuila BK. Aligned Proton‐Conducting Graphene Sheets via Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly and Their Application for Highly Transparent Moisture‐Sensing Conductive Coating. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumili Daripa
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
| | - Koomkoom Khawas
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi Jharkhand - 835205 India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
| | - Ratan Kumar Dey
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi Jharkhand - 835205 India
| | - Biplab Kumar Kuila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
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9
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Engelke S, Marbella LE, Trease NM, De Volder M, Grey CP. Three-dimensional pulsed field gradient NMR measurements of self-diffusion in anisotropic materials for energy storage applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4538-4546. [PMID: 30735217 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic battery electrodes that allow enhanced diffusion through the thickness of the electrode can be engineered to improve the rate performance, but direct measurement of 3D diffusion in this pore structure is extremely challenging. To address this, we used 1H and 7Li pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR to measure anisotropic diffusion in a model porous silicon substrate. We show that NMR spectroscopy can resolve solvent molecules and ions (here, in H2O, DMSO, and the battery electrolyte LIPF6:DC:EMC) in and outside of the pores of the Si substrate, allowing the diffusion coefficients of the ion/molecules in the two components to be individually determined. Exchange between ions/molecules inside and outside of the pores is observed with 1H 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY). The pore dimensions can extracted from the diffusivity of the in-pore component and the results are in reasonable agreement with the pore dimensions measured with electron microscopy. Better agreement is obtained for pore diameters; for pore length measurements, exchange between the in-pore and ex-pore solvents should be accounted for. These results suggest that PFG-NMR can serve as a non-destructive characterisation method for both in situ and ex situ analyses of materials ranging from complex battery and supercapacitor electrodes to catalyst supports and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Engelke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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10
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Sorte EG, Paren BA, Rodriguez CG, Fujimoto C, Poirier C, Abbott LJ, Lynd NA, Winey KI, Frischknecht AL, Alam TM. Impact of Hydration and Sulfonation on the Morphology and Ionic Conductivity of Sulfonated Poly(phenylene) Proton Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christina G. Rodriguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Überrück T, Neudert O, Kreuer KD, Blümich B, Granwehr J, Stapf S, Han S. Effect of nitroxide spin probes on the transport properties of Nafion membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26660-26674. [PMID: 30320331 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nafion is the most common material used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells. Yet, details of the transport pathways for protons and water in the inner membrane are still under debate. Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP) has proven to be a useful tool for probing hydration dynamics and interactions within 5-8 Å of protein and soft material surfaces. Recently it was suggested that ODNP can also be applied to analyze surface water dynamics along Nafion's inner membrane. Here we interrogate the viability of this method for Nafion by carrying out a series of measurements relying on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and diffusometry experiments with and without ODNP hyperpolarization, accompanied by other complementary characterization methods including small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of hydration, and proton conductivity by AC impedance spectroscopy. Our comprehensive study shows that commonly used paramagnetic spin probes-here, stable nitroxide radicals-for ODNP, as well as their diamagnetic analogues, reduce the inner membrane surface hydrophilicity, depending on the location and concentration of the spin probe. This heavily reduces the hydration of Nafion, hence increases the tortuosity of the inner membrane morphology and/or increases the activiation barrier for water transport, and consequently impedes water diffusion, transport, and proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Überrück
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Neudert
- Dept. Technical Physics II/Polymer Physics, University of Technology Ilmenau, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany and GMBU e.V., Erich-Neuß-Weg 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Josef Granwehr
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Stapf
- Dept. Technical Physics II/Polymer Physics, University of Technology Ilmenau, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Songi Han
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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12
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Fang F, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhang C, Min L, Wang Y. Electrophoretic fabrication of proton exchange membranes in fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Mathesan S, Tripathy M, Srivastava A, Ghosh P. Non-affine deformation of free volume during strain dependent diffusion in polymer thin films. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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So S, Cha MS, Jo SW, Kim TH, Lee JY, Hong YT. Hydrophilic Channel Alignment of Perfluoronated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19689-19696. [PMID: 29851455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is known that uniaxially drawn perfluoronated sulfonic-acid ionomers (PFSAs) show diffusion anisotropy because of the aligned water channels along the deformation direction. We apply the uniaxially stretched membranes to vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) to suppress the permeation of active species, vanadium ions through the transverse directions. The aligned water channels render much lower vanadium permeability, resulting in higher Coulombic efficiency (>98%) and longer self-discharge time (>250 h). Similar to vanadium ions, proton conduction through the membranes also decreases as the stretching ratio increases, but the thinned membranes show the enhanced voltage and energy efficiencies over the range of current density, 50-100 mA/cm2. Hydrophilic channel alignment of PFSAs is also beneficial for long-term cycling of VRFBs in terms of capacity retention and cell performances. This simple pretreatment of membranes offers an effective and facile way to overcome high vanadium permeability of PFSAs for VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyong So
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Min Suc Cha
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Jo
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Jang Yong Lee
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Young Taik Hong
- Membrane Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
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15
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Vishnyakov A, Mao R, Lee MT, Neimark AV. Coarse-grained model of nanoscale segregation, water diffusion, and proton transport in Nafion membranes. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024108. [PMID: 29331134 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a coarse-grained model of the acid form of Nafion membrane that explicitly includes proton transport. This model is based on a soft-core bead representation of the polymer implemented into the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation framework. The proton is introduced as a separate charged bead that forms dissociable Morse bonds with water beads. Morse bond formation and breakup artificially mimics the Grotthuss hopping mechanism of proton transport. The proposed DPD model is parameterized to account for the specifics of the conformations and flexibility of the Nafion backbone and sidechains; it treats electrostatic interactions in the smeared charge approximation. The simulation results qualitatively, and in many respects quantitatively, predict the specifics of nanoscale segregation in the hydrated Nafion membrane into hydrophobic and hydrophilic subphases, water diffusion, and proton mobility. As the hydration level increases, the hydrophilic subphase exhibits a percolation transition from a collection of isolated water clusters to a 3D network of pores filled with water embedded in the hydrophobic matrix. The segregated morphology is characterized in terms of the pore size distribution with the average size growing with hydration from ∼1 to ∼4 nm. Comparison of the predicted water diffusivity with the experimental data taken from different sources shows good agreement at high and moderate hydration and substantial deviation at low hydration, around and below the percolation threshold. This discrepancy is attributed to the dynamic percolation effects of formation and rupture of merging bridges between the water clusters, which become progressively important at low hydration, when the coarse-grained model is unable to mimic the fine structure of water network that includes singe molecule bridges. Selected simulations of water diffusion are performed for the alkali metal substituted membrane which demonstrate the effects of the counter-ions on membrane self-assembly and transport. The hydration dependence of the proton diffusivity reproduces semi-qualitatively the trend of the diverse experimental data, showing a sharp decrease around the percolation threshold. Overall, the proposed model opens up an opportunity to study self-assembly and water and proton transport in polyelectrolytes using computationally efficient DPD simulations, and, with further refinement, it may become a practical tool for theory informed design and optimization of perm-selective and ion-conducting membranes with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Vishnyakov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Runfang Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Ming-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
| | - Alexander V Neimark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8058, USA
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16
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Exploring the effect of pendent side chain length on the structural and mechanical properties of hydrated perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membranes by molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Carter NA, Grove TZ. Protein Self-Assemblies That Can Generate, Hold, and Discharge Electric Potential in Response to Changes in Relative Humidity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7144-7151. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovations Institute, and The Virginia Tech Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tijana Z. Grove
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovations Institute, and The Virginia Tech Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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18
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Kristensen MB, Catalano J, Haldrup S, Bělský P, Tomáš M, Bentien A. Tuning the ion channel network of perfluorosulfonated membranes via a facile sacrificial porogen approach. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Gloukhovski R, Freger V, Tsur Y. Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Composite membranes based on porous support membranes filled with a proton-conducting polymer appear to be a promising approach to develop novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs). It allows optimization of the properties of the filler and the matrix separately, e.g. for maximal conductivity of the former and maximal physical strength of the latter. In addition, the confinement itself can alter the properties of the filling ionomer, e.g. toward higher conductivity and selectivity due to alignment and restricted swelling. This article reviews the literature on PEMs prepared by filling of submicron and nanometric size pores with Nafion and other proton-conductive polymers. PEMs based on alternating perfluorinated and non-perfluorinated polymer systems and incorporation of fillers are briefly discussed too, as they share some structure/transport relationships with the pore-filling PEMs. We also review here the background knowledge on structural and transport properties of Nafion and proton-conducting polymers in general, as well as experimental methods concerned with preparation and characterization of pore-filling membranes. Such information will be useful for preparing next-generation composite membranes, which will allow maximal utilization of beneficial characteristics of polymeric proton conductors and understanding the complicated structure/transport relationships in the pore-filling composite PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gloukhovski
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Yoed Tsur
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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20
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Berrod Q, Hanot S, Guillermo A, Mossa S, Lyonnard S. Water sub-diffusion in membranes for fuel cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8326. [PMID: 28827621 PMCID: PMC5567110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of water confined in soft ionic nano-assemblies, an issue critical for a general understanding of the multi-scale structure-function interplay in advanced materials. We focus in particular on hydrated perfluoro-sulfonic acid compounds employed as electrolytes in fuel cells. These materials form phase-separated morphologies that show outstanding proton-conducting properties, directly related to the state and dynamics of the absorbed water. We have quantified water motion and ion transport by combining Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering, Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Molecular Dynamics computer simulation. Effective water and ion diffusion coefficients have been determined together with their variation upon hydration at the relevant atomic, nanoscopic and macroscopic scales, providing a complete picture of transport. We demonstrate that confinement at the nanoscale and direct interaction with the charged interfaces produce anomalous sub-diffusion, due to a heterogeneous space-dependent dynamics within the ionic nanochannels. This is irrespective of the details of the chemistry of the hydrophobic confining matrix, confirming the statistical significance of our conclusions. Our findings turn out to indicate interesting connections and possibilities of cross-fertilization with other domains, including biophysics. They also establish fruitful correspondences with advanced topics in statistical mechanics, resulting in new possibilities for the analysis of Neutron scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Berrod
- LLB, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Storage Group, 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Samuel Hanot
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS, 20156 - 38042, Grenoble, France
- Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3528, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Armel Guillermo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefano Mossa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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21
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Abstract
In this comprehensive review, recent progress and developments on perfluorinated sulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes have been summarized on many key topics. Although quite well investigated for decades, PFSA ionomers' complex behavior, along with their key role in many emerging technologies, have presented significant scientific challenges but also helped create a unique cross-disciplinary research field to overcome such challenges. Research and progress on PFSAs, especially when considered with their applications, are at the forefront of bridging electrochemistry and polymer (physics), which have also opened up development of state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques as well as multiphysics computation models. Topics reviewed stem from correlating the various physical (e.g., mechanical) and transport properties with morphology and structure across time and length scales. In addition, topics of recent interest such as structure/transport correlations and modeling, composite PFSA membranes, degradation phenomena, and PFSA thin films are presented. Throughout, the impact of PFSA chemistry and side-chain is also discussed to present a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Pandey RK, Rana U, Chakraborty C, Moriyama S, Higuchi M. Proton Conductive Nanosheets Formed by Alignment of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13526-13531. [PMID: 27164027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Linear Fe(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer chains were precisely aligned by the simple replacement of the counteranion with an N,N'-bis(4-benzosulfonic acid)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylbisimide (PSA) dianion, which linked the polymer chains strongly. A parallel alignment of the polymer chains promoted by the PSA dianions yielded nanosheets formation. The nanosheets' structure was analyzed with FESEM, HRTEM, UV-vis, and XRD in detail. The nanosheets showed more than 5 times higher proton conductivity than the original polymer due to the smooth ionic conduction through the aligned polymer chains. The complex impedance plot with two semicircles also suggested the presence of grain boundaries in the polymer nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Pandey
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Utpal Rana
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), NIMS , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Satoshi Moriyama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), NIMS , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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24
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Gao J, Yoon HG, Jin L, Forsyth M, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Highly Conductive and Thermally Stable Ion Gels with Tunable Anisotropy and Modulus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2571-8. [PMID: 26822386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid-crystalline ion gel exhibits unprecedented properties: conductivity up to 8 mS cm(-1) , thermal stability to 300 °C, and electrochemical window to 6.1 V, as well as adjustable transport anisotropy (up to 3.5×) and elastic modulus (0.03-3 GPa). The combination of ionic liquid and magnetically oriented rigid-rod polyanion provides widely tunable properties for use in diverse electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun Gook Yoon
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Liyu Jin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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25
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Peng YJ, Cai CT, Zhang RC, Chen TH, Sun PC, Li BH, Wang XL, Xue G, Shi AC. Probing the two-stage transition upon crossing the glass transition of polystyrene by solid-state NMR. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Melchior JP, Bräuniger T, Wohlfarth A, Portale G, Kreuer KD. About the Interactions Controlling Nafion’s Viscoelastic Properties and Morphology. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Melchior
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Bräuniger
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Wohlfarth
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- DUBBLE, BM26 at
ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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28
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Yang Y, Lu F, Gao X, Xie S, Sun N, Zheng L. Effect of different ion-aggregating structures on the property of proton conducting membrane based on polyvinyl alcohol. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Berrod Q, Lyonnard S, Guillermo A, Ollivier J, Frick B, Manseri A, Améduri B, Gébel G. Nanostructure and Transport Properties of Proton Conducting Self-Assembled Perfluorinated Surfactants: A Bottom-Up Approach toward PFSA Fuel Cell Membranes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Berrod
- CNRS/CEA-INAC-SPrAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- CNRS/CEA-INAC-SPrAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Armel Guillermo
- CNRS/CEA-INAC-SPrAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Abdelatif Manseri
- UMR CNRS 5253, Institut Charles Gerhardt Ingenierie & Architectures Macromoleculaires, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie Montpellier, 8 Rue Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- UMR CNRS 5253, Institut Charles Gerhardt Ingenierie & Architectures Macromoleculaires, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie Montpellier, 8 Rue Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Gébel
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LITEN, DTNM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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30
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Hink S, Henkensmeier D, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Han J, Nam SW. Reduced In-Plane Swelling of Nafion by a Biaxial Modification Process. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hink
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro Yuseonggu Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghee Han
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Woo Nam
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Fuel Cell Research Center; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 136-791 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
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31
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Mendil-Jakani H, Pouget S, Gebel G, Pintauro PN. Insight into the multiscale structure of pre-stretched recast Nafion® membranes: Focus on the crystallinity features. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Naughton EM, Zhang M, Troya D, Brewer KJ, Moore RB. Size dependent ion-exchange of large mixed-metal complexes into Nafion® membranes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00714c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange of large multivalent cations in Nafion® membranes: kinetics of exchange and implications for more open morphological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M. Naughton
- Department of Chemistry
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Karen J. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
- Blacksburg
- USA
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33
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Song JM, Woo HS, Lee SY, Sohn JY, Shin J. Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by EB-crosslinking of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with 1,4-butanediol. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Myung Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Woo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Sohn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Shin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
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34
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EB-crosslinked SPEEK electrolyte membrane with 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether/triallyl isocyanurate for fuel cell application. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Wang Y, Gao J, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Molecular Alignment and Ion Transport in Rigid Rod Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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36
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Kins CF, Sengupta E, Kaltbeitzel A, Wagner M, Lieberwirth I, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. Morphological Anisotropy and Proton Conduction in Multiblock Copolyimide Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Kins
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esha Sengupta
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Kaltbeitzel
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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Fechete R, Demco DE, Zhu X, Tillmann W, Möller M. Water states and dynamics in perfluorinated ionomer membranes by 1H one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, relaxometry, and diffusometry. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Zhang Z, Madsen LA. Observation of separate cation and anion electrophoretic mobilities in pure ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:084204. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4865834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Li N, Guiver MD. Ion Transport by Nanochannels in Ion-Containing Aromatic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanwen Li
- National
Research
Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael D. Guiver
- National
Research
Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hou J, Li J, Mountz D, Hull M, Madsen LA. Correlating morphology, proton conductivity, and water transport in polyelectrolyte-fluoropolymer blend membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Klein M, Perrin JC, Leclerc S, Guendouz L, Dillet J, Lottin O. Anisotropy of Water Self-Diffusion in a Nafion Membrane under Traction. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401511t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Klein
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Perrin
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Sébastien Leclerc
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Laouès Guendouz
- Institut
Jean-Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F- 54500, France
| | - Jérôme Dillet
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Olivier Lottin
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
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42
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Liu S, Aquino AJA, Korzeniewski C. Water-ionomer interfacial interactions investigated by infrared spectroscopy and computational methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13890-13897. [PMID: 24111660 DOI: 10.1021/la402497w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Structures for interfacial water condensed in pores and channels of the fluorinated ionomer Nafion from low relative humidity atmosphere were probed through the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and support from classical and quantum chemical calculations. Modern FTIR spectra of H2O and the O-H stretching region for the deuterium-substituted HOD species interacting at the water-ionomer interface in Nafion exchanged by sodium cations are reported and compared to characteristics observed in the earlier studies that employed a dispersive infrared spectrometer and unspecified spectral resolution. Molecular simulations that examine the orientations of water molecules in the vicinity of ionomer were applied to understand the appearance of multiple free O-H stretching bands and the effect of HOD addition. One computational approach was based on a classical force field model, and the other employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate atomic-scale interactions of water with regions of different hydrophobicity and charge on a perfluorosulfonate ionomer segment. The results suggest hydrogen bonding stabilizes the types of water-ionomer environments that can lead to multiple free O-H stretching vibrational features in experimental spectra. The studies shed light on the structure of H2O at interfaces inside ion conducting membrane materials and have potential for application in elucidating structure at different types of water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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Yu D, An K, Gao CY, Heller WT, Chen X. A portable hydro-thermo-mechanical loading cell for in situ small angle neutron scattering studies of proton exchange membranes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:105115. [PMID: 24182171 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A portable hydro-thermo-mechanical loading cell has been designed to enable in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) under immersed tensile loadings at different temperatures. The cell consists of three main parts as follows: a letter-paper-size motor-driven mechanical load frame, a SANS friendly reservoir that provides stable immersed and thermal sample conditions, and a data acquisition and control system. The ex situ tensile tests of Nafion 212 membranes demonstrated a satisfactory thermo-mechanical testing performance of the cell for either dry or immersed conditions at elevated temperatures. The in situ SANS tensile measurements on the Nafion 212 membranes immersed in D2O at 70 °C proved the feasibility and capability of the cell for small angle scattering study on deformation behaviors of PEM and other polymer materials under hydro-thermo-mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunji Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Gebel G. Structure of Membranes for Fuel Cells: SANS and SAXS Analyses of Sulfonated PEEK Membranes and Solutions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Gebel
- LITEN and
Laboratoire SPrAM, UMR 5819 CEA-CNRS-UJF, INAC CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble
cedex 9, France
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Han OH. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on electrochemical reactions of low temperature fuel cells operating in acidic conditions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 72:1-41. [PMID: 23731860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oc Hee Han
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Collette FM, Thominette F, Mendil-Jakani H, Gebel G. Structure and transport properties of solution-cast Nafion® membranes subjected to hygrothermal aging. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Song JM, Shin DW, Sohn JY, Nho YC, Lee YM, Shin J. The effects of EB-irradiation doses on the properties of crosslinked SPEEK membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Lee SM, Han OH. Hot-Pressing Effects on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Investigated by2H NMR Spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Lingwood MD, Zhang Z, Kidd BE, McCreary KB, Hou J, Madsen LA. Unraveling the local energetics of transport in a polymer ion conductor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4283-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Filipoi C, Demco DE, Zhu X, Vinokur R, Conradi O, Fechete R, Möller M. Water self-diffusion anisotropy and electrical conductivity of perfluorosulfonic acid/SiO2 composite proton exchange membranes. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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