1
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Lai YC, Hu YR, Lo CT. Hydrogen Bonding-Induced Crystal Orientation Changes in Confined Microdomains Constructed by Block Copolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rong Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Tsung Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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2
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Matxinandiarena E, Múgica A, Zubitur M, Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Cavallo D, Hadjichristidis N, Müller AJ. Crystallization and Morphology of Triple Crystalline Polyethylene- b-poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(ε-caprolactone) PE- b-PEO- b-PCL Triblock Terpolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183133. [PMID: 34578032 PMCID: PMC8473441 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and crystallization behavior of two triblock terpolymers of polymethylene, equivalent to polyethylene (PE), poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are studied: PE227.1-b-PEO4615.1-b-PCL3210.4 (T1) and PE379.5-b-PEO348.8-b-PCL297.6 (T2) (superscripts give number average molecular weights in kg/mol and subscripts composition in wt %). The three blocks are potentially crystallizable, and the triple crystalline nature of the samples is investigated. Polyhomologation (C1 polymerization), ring-opening polymerization, and catalyst-switch strategies were combined to synthesize the triblock terpolymers. In addition, the corresponding PE-b-PEO diblock copolymers and PE homopolymers were also analyzed. The crystallization sequence of the blocks was determined via three independent but complementary techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in situ SAXS/WAXS (small angle X-ray scattering/wide angle X-ray scattering), and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM). The two terpolymers (T1 and T2) are weakly phase segregated in the melt according to SAXS. DSC and WAXS results demonstrate that in both triblock terpolymers the crystallization process starts with the PE block, continues with the PCL block, and ends with the PEO block. Hence triple crystalline materials are obtained. The crystallization of the PCL and the PEO block is coincident (i.e., it overlaps); however, WAXS and PLOM experiments can identify both transitions. In addition, PLOM shows a spherulitic morphology for the PE homopolymer and the T1 precursor diblock copolymer, while the other systems appear as non-spherulitic or microspherulitic at the last stage of the crystallization process. The complicated crystallization of tricrystalline triblock terpolymers can only be fully grasped when DSC, WAXS, and PLOM experiments are combined. This knowledge is fundamental to tailor the properties of these complex but fascinating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Agurtzane Múgica
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuela Zubitur
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (A.J.M.)
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3
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Matxinandiarena E, Múgica A, Tercjak A, Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Hadjichristidis N, Cavallo D, Flores A, Müller AJ. Sequential Crystallization and Multicrystalline Morphology in PE- b-PEO- b-PCL- b-PLLA Tetrablock Quarterpolymers. Macromolecules 2021; 54:7244-7257. [PMID: 35663800 PMCID: PMC9159653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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We
investigate for the first time the morphology and crystallization
of two novel tetrablock quarterpolymers of polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene
oxide) (PEO), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with four potentially crystallizable blocks: PE187.1-b-PEO3715.1-b-PCL2610.4-b-PLLA197.6 (Q1) and PE299.5-b-PEO268.8-b-PCL237.6-b-PLLA227.3 (Q2) (superscripts give number average molecular weights
in kg/mol, and subscripts give the composition in wt %). Their synthesis
was performed by a combination of polyhomologation (C1 polymerization)
and ring-opening polymerization techniques using a ″catalyst-switch″
strategy, either ″organocatalyst/metal catalyst switch″
(Q1 sample, 96% isotactic tetrads) or ″organocatalyst/organocatalyst
switch″ (Q2 sample, 84% isotactic tetrads). Their corresponding
precursors—triblock terpolymers PE-b-PEO-b-PCL, diblock copolymers PE-b-PEO, and
PE homopolymers—were also studied. Cooling and heating rates
from the melt at 20 °C/min were employed for most experiments:
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light optical microscopy
(PLOM), in situ small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle
X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The
direct comparison of the results obtained with these different techniques
allows the precise identification of the crystallization sequence
of the blocks upon cooling from the melt. SAXS indicated that Q1 is
melt miscible, while Q2 is weakly segregated in the melt but breaks
out during crystallization. According to WAXS and DSC results, the
blocks follow a sequence as they crystallize: PLLA first, then PE,
then PCL, and finally PEO in the case of the Q1 quarterpolymer; in
Q2, the PLLA block is not able to crystallize due to its low isotacticity.
Although the temperatures at which the PEO and PCL blocks and the
PE and PLLA blocks crystallize overlap, the analysis of the intensity
changes measured by WAXS and PLOM experiments allows identifying each
of the crystallization processes. The quarterpolymer Q1 remarkably
self-assembles during crystallization into tetracrystalline banded
spherulites, where four types of different lamellae coexist. Nanostructural
features arising upon sequential crystallization are found to have
a relevant impact on the mechanical properties. Nanoindentation measurements
show that storage modulus and hardness of the Q1 quarterpolymer significantly
deviate from those of the stiff PE and PLLA blocks, approaching typical
values of compliant PEO and PCL. Results are mainly attributed to
the low crystallinity of the PE and PLLA blocks. Moreover, the Q2
copolymer exhibits inferior mechanical properties than Q1, and this
can be related to the PE block within Q1 that has thinner crystal
lamellae according to its much lower melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Agurtzane Múgica
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Araceli Flores
- Polymer Physics, Elastomers and Applications Energy, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Zhang ZK, Guo XS, Zhang TY, Wang RY, Du BY, Xu JT. Hierarchical Structures with Double Lower Disorder-to-Order Transition and Closed-Loop Phase Behaviors in Charged Block Copolymers Bearing Long Alkyl Side Groups. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Bin-Yang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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5
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Synthesis and self-assembly of PMMA-b-(u)PE-b-PMMA copolymers: study the aggregate morphology in toluene vapor. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Osawa S, Hijikawa R, Marubayashi H, Nojima S. Effects of crystal structure of poly(β-propiolactone) blocks on the cooperative crystallization of a polyethylene-block-poly(β-propiolactone) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Leng X, Ren Y, Wei Z, Bian Y, Li Y. Synthesis of Star-Comb Double Crystalline Diblock Copolymer of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(l-lactide): Effect of Chain Topology on Crystallization Behavior. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Materials; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Materials; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Materials; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Materials; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Materials; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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8
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Effect of molecular mobility of pre-ordered phase on crystallization in microphase-separated lamellar morphology of strongly segregated crystalline-crystalline diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Liu CL, Chen HL. Variable Crystal Orientation of Poly(ethylene oxide) Confined within the Tubular Space Templated by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanochannels. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Center of Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Nojima S, Higaki Y, Ishige R, Kabayama H, Ohta N, Masunaga H, Hirai T, Kojio K, Takahara A. Crystallization-induced structure fluctuation of crystallized microdomain structure composed of strongly segregated crystalline-crystalline diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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12
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Liu CL, Lin MC, Chen HL, Műller AJ. Evolution of Crystal Orientation in One-Dimensionally Confined Space Templated by Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Center of Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Champ Lin
- R&D Department, Chang Chun Petrochemical Co. Ltd., Miaoli 36053, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Center of Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Alejandro J. Műller
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque
Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Shi W, McGrath AJ, Li Y, Lynd NA, Hawker CJ, Fredrickson GH, Kramer EJ. Cooperative and Sequential Phase Transitions in it-Poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-it-poly(propylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Crystallization of double crystalline block copolymer/crystalline homopolymer blends: 1. Crystalline morphology. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Smith KA, Lin YH, Dement DB, Strzalka J, Darling SB, Pickel DL, Verduzco R. Synthesis and Crystallinity of Conjugated Block Copolymers Prepared by Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3026223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Dana B. Dement
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Seth B. Darling
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
United States
| | - Deanna L. Pickel
- Center for
Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
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16
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17
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Lin MC, Chen HL, Lin WF, Huang PS, Tsai JC. Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene under the Spatial Confinement Templated by Block Copolymer Microdomains. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12357-71. [PMID: 22913524 DOI: 10.1021/jp306410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Champ Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Center of Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Center of Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Sun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Cherng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
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18
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Crystallization behavior and morphology of double crystalline poly(butylene succinate)-poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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