1
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Roth CB. Polymers under nanoconfinement: where are we now in understanding local property changes? Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8050-8066. [PMID: 34086025 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are increasingly being used in applications with nanostructured morphologies where almost all polymer molecules are within a few tens to hundreds of nanometers from some interface. From nearly three decades of study on polymers in simplified nanoconfined systems such as thin films, we have come to understand property changes in these systems as arising from interfacial effects where local dynamical perturbations are propagated deeper into the material. This review provides a summary of local glass transition temperature Tg changes near interfaces, comparing across different types of interfaces: free surface, substrate, liquid, and polymer-polymer. Local versus film-average properties in thin films are discussed, making connections to other related property changes, while highlighting several historically important studies. By experimental necessity, most studies are on high enough molecule weight chains to be well entangled, although aspects that connect to lower molecule weight materials are described. Emphasis is made to identify observations and open questions that have yet to be fully understood such as the evidence of long-ranged interfacial effects, finite domain size, interfacial breadth, and chain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie B Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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3
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Mears M, Zhang ZJ, Jackson RCD, Si Y, Bradford TJB, Torkelson JM, Geoghegan M. Lateral diffusion of single poly(ethylene oxide) chains on the surfaces of glassy and molten polymer films. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164902. [PMID: 33940801 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was used to show that the temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) adsorbed on polystyrene and different poly(alkyl methacrylate) (PAMA) films in aqueous solution exhibited a maximum close to (but below) the surface glass transition temperature, Tgs, of the film. This elevated diffusion was observed over a small range of temperatures below Tgs for these surfaces, and at other temperatures, the diffusion was similar to that on silicon, although the diffusion coefficient for PEO on polystyrene at temperatures above Tgs did not completely decrease to that on silicon, in contrast to the PAMA surfaces. It is concluded that the enhanced surface mobility of the films near the surface glass transition temperature induces conformational changes in the adsorbed PEO. The origin of this narrow and dramatic increase in diffusion coefficient is not clear, but it is proposed that it is caused by a coupling of a dominant capillary mode in the liquid surface layer with the polymer. Friction force microscopy experiments also demonstrate an unexpected increase in friction at the same temperature as the increase in diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mears
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenyu J Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan C D Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Tigerlily J B Bradford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark Geoghegan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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4
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Severi J, De Simone D, De Gendt S. Dielectric Response Spectroscopy as Means to Investigate Interfacial Effects for Ultra-Thin Film Polymer-Based High NA EUV Lithography. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122971. [PMID: 33322737 PMCID: PMC7762983 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme ultra-violet lithography (EUVL) is the leading-edge technology to produce advanced nanoelectronics. The further development of EUVL is heavily based on implementing the so-called high numerical aperture (NA) EUVL, which will enable even smaller pitches up to 8 nm half pitch (HP). In anticipation of this high NA technology, it is crucial to assess the readiness of the current resist materials for the high NA regime to comply with the demanding requirements of resolution, line-edge roughness, and sensitivity (RLS). The achievable tighter pitches require lower film thicknesses for both resist and underlying transfer layers. A concern that is tied to the thinning down is the potential change in resist properties and behavior due to the interaction with the underlayer. To increase the fundamental understanding of ultra-thin films for high NA EUVL, a method to investigate the interplay of reduced film thickness and different patterning-relevant underlayers is developed by looking at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer-based resists. To minimize the ambiguity of the results due to resist additives (i.e., photoacid generator (PAG) and quencher), it was opted to move forward with polymer-only samples, the main component of the resist, at this stage of the investigation. By using dielectric response spectroscopy, the results obtained show that changing the protection group of the polymer, as well as altering the polymer film thickness impacts the dynamics of the polymer mobility, which can be assessed through the Tg of the system. Unexpectedly, changing the underlayer did not result in a clear change in the polymer mobility at the tested film thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joren Severi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Advanced Patterning, imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Danilo De Simone
- Department of Advanced Patterning, imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Advanced Patterning, imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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5
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Xu J, Lv C, Du B, Wang X, Tsui OKC. Effective Viscosity of Unentangled Random Copolymer Films of Styrene and 4-Methoxystyrene with Different Copolymer Compositions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Tanis I, Karatasos K, Salez T. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Capillary Leveling of a Glass-Forming Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8543-8549. [PMID: 31532672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental studies probing (i) the existence of a mobile layer at the free surface of glasses and (ii) the capillary leveling of polymer nanofilms, we study the evolution of square-wave patterns at the free surface of a generic glass-forming binary Lennard-Jones mixture over a wide temperature range, by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The pattern's amplitude is monitored, and the associated decay rate is extracted. The evolution of the latter as a function of temperature exhibits a crossover between two distinct behaviors, over a temperature range typically bounded by the glass-transition temperature and the mode-coupling critical temperature. Layer-resolved analysis of the film particles' mean-squared displacements further shows that diffusion at the surface is considerably faster than in the bulk, below the glass-transition temperature. The diffusion coefficient of the surface particles is larger than its bulk counterpart by a factor that reaches 105 at the lowest temperature studied. This factor decreases upon heating, in agreement with recent experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tanis
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Kostas Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser , Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion Crete , Greece
| | - Thomas Salez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798 , F-33405 Talence , France.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0808 , Japan
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7
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Yu X, Wang T, Tsui OKC, Weng LT. Tuning the Effective Viscosity of Polymer Films by Chemical Modifications. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Thees MF, Roth CB. Unexpected Molecular Weight Dependence to the Physical Aging of Thin Polystyrene Films Present at Ultra‐High Molecular Weights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta Georgia 30322
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9
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Yu X, Yiu P, Weng LT, Chen F, Tsui OKC. Effective Viscosity of Lightly UVO-Treated Polystyrene Films on Silicon with Different Molecular Weights. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, China 710049
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10
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Yu X, Chen F, Lam CH, Tsui OKC. Thermal-induced slippage of soft solid films. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:010501. [PMID: 30780244 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of interfacial slippage of entangled polystyrene (PS) films on an adsorbed layer of polydimethylsiloxane on silicon was studied from the surface capillary dynamics of the films. By using PS with different molecular weights, we observed slippage of the films in the viscoelastic liquid and rubbery solid state, respectively. Remarkably, all our data can be explained by the linear equation, J=-M∇P and a single friction coefficient, ξ, where J is the unit-width current, M is mobility, and P is Laplace pressure. For viscous films, M is accountable by using conventional formulism. For rubbery films, M takes on different expressions depending on whether the displacements associated with the slip velocity, v_{s}(∼∇P/ξ), dominate or elastic deformations induced by ∇P dominate. For viscoelastic liquid films, M is the sum of the mobility of the films in the viscous and rubbery states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanji Yu
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ophelia K C Tsui
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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11
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Xu J, Li Y, Wu X, Zuo B, Wang X, Zhang W, Tsui OKC. Thickness of the Surface Mobile Layer with Accelerated Crystallization Kinetics in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films: Direct Measurement and Analysis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Ogieglo W, Tempelman K, Napolitano S, Benes NE. Evidence of a Transition Layer between the Free Surface and the Bulk. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1195-1199. [PMID: 29466013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The free surface, a very thin layer at the interface between polymer and air, is considered the main source of the perturbations in the properties of ultrathin polymer films, i.e., nanoconfinement effects. The structural relaxation of such a layer is decoupled from the molecular dynamics of the bulk. The free surface is, in fact, able to stay liquid even below the temperature where the polymer resides in the glassy state. Importantly, this surface layer is expected to have a very sharp interface with the underlying bulk. Here, by analyzing the penetration of n-hexane into polystyrene films, we report on the existence of a transition region, not observed by previous investigations, extending for 12 nm below the free surface. The presence of such a layer permits reconciling the behavior of interfacial layers with current models and has profound implications on the performance of ultrathin membranes. We show that the expected increase in the flux of the permeating species is actually overruled by nanoconfinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ogieglo
- Films in Fluids , University of Twente , Enschede 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | | | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences , Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO , Bruxelles 1050 , Belgium
| | - Nieck E Benes
- Films in Fluids , University of Twente , Enschede 7522 NB , The Netherlands
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13
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Kang H, Qian X, Guan L, Zhang M, Li Q, Wu A, Dong M. Studying the Adhesion Force and Glass Transition of Thin Polystyrene Films by Atomic Force Microscopy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:5. [PMID: 29318399 PMCID: PMC5760485 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation behaviors of thin polymer films show a strong dependence on temperature and film thickness. Direct quantitative detection of the relaxation behaviors of thin polymer films at nanometer scale by traditional instruments is however challenging. In this study, we employed atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force-distance curve to study the relaxation dynamics and the film thickness dependence of glass transition temperature (T g ) for normal thin polystyrene (PS) films supported on silicon substrate. The adhesion force (Fad) between AFM tip and normal thin PS film surfaces was quantitatively detected in situ under the variation of temperature and film thickness. The T g of normal thin PS film was successfully obtained by the abrupt variation of Fad under temperature stimulation. Our result showed that the T g of normal thin PS films decreased with the decreasing film thickness. The study here could be beneficial for understanding the relaxation dynamics of normal thin polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 People’s Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Dk-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Dk-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aoli Wu
- Jiangsu CASRS Pollution Control Engineering Co., Ltd., Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Dk-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Qian X, Lin Z, Guan L, Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong M. In Situ Probing the Relaxation Properties of Ultrathin Polystyrene Films by Using Electric Force Microscopy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:257. [PMID: 28395475 PMCID: PMC5383798 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology involves polymer films with thickness down to nanometer scale. However, the properties of ultrathin polymer films are extremely different from that of bulk matrix or thin films. It is challenging to distinguish the changes of physical properties in ultrathin films using conventional techniques especially when it locates near the glass transition temperature (T g). In this work, we successfully evaluated a series of physical properties of ultrathin polystyrene (PS) films by in situ characterizing the discharging behavior of the patterned charges using electric force microscopy. By monitoring the surface potential in real time, we found that the T g of ultrathin PS films is clearly independent of film thickness, which are greatly different from that of thin PS films (film thickness larger than 10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Qiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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15
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Kasavan BL, Baglay RR, Roth CB. Local Glass Transition Temperature
T
g
(
z
) Profile in Polystyrene next to Polybutadiene with and without Plasticization Effects. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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16
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Vogt BD. Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of confined amorphous polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325
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17
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Wang D, Russell TP. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Polymer Structure and Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Tanis I, Meyer H, Salez T, Raphaël E, Maggs AC, Baschnagel J. Molecular dynamics simulation of the capillary leveling of viscoelastic polymer films. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203327. [PMID: 28571341 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface tension-driven flow techniques have recently emerged as an efficient means of shedding light into the rheology of thin polymer films. Motivated by experimental and theoretical approaches in films bearing a varying surface topography, we present results on the capillary relaxation of a square pattern at the free surface of a viscoelastic polymer film, using molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained polymer model. Height profiles are monitored as a function of time after heating the system above its glass-transition temperature and their time dependence is fitted to the theory of capillary leveling. Results show that the viscosity is not constant, but time dependent. In addition to providing a complementary insight about the local inner mechanisms, our simulations of the capillary-leveling process therefore probe the viscoelasticity of the polymer and not only its viscosity, in contrast to most experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tanis
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - H Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T Salez
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Raphaël
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A C Maggs
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Baschnagel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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19
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Yu X, Beharaj A, Grinstaff MW, Tsui OK. Modulation of the effective viscosity of polymer films by ultraviolet ozone treatment. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Molecular confinement of solid and gaseous phases of self-standing bulk nanoporous polymers inducing enhanced and unexpected physical properties. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Lan T, Torkelson JM. Fragility-Confinement Effects: Apparent Universality as a Function of Scaled Thickness in Films of Freely Deposited, Linear Polymer and Its Absence in Densely Grafted Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Saito I, Miyazaki T, Yamamoto K. Depth-Resolved Structure Analysis of Cylindrical Microdomain in Block Copolymer Thin Film by Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Utilizing Low-Energy X-rays. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Saito
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2, Shimohozumi,
Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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23
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Jiang N, Endoh MK, Koga T. Structures and Dynamics of Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers on Planar Solids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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24
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Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V. Structural and Dynamical Properties of Polystyrene Thin Films Supported by Multiple Graphene Layers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia N. Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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25
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Xu L, Sharma A, Joo SW, Liu H, Shi T. Unusual dewetting of thin polymer films in liquid media containing a poor solvent and a nonsolvent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14808-14816. [PMID: 25402851 DOI: 10.1021/la503319w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the control of pattern size and kinetics in spontaneous dewetting of thin polymer films (polystyrene) that are stable to thermal annealing by annealing in a poor solvent (acetone)/nonsolvent (ethanol or n-hexane) liquid mixture. Dewetting occurs by the formation and growth of circular holes that coalesce to form droplets. The influence of the nature and the volume fraction of the nonsolvents on the contact angle of polymer droplets, number density of holes, and the kinetics of holes formation and growth is studied. Addition of ethanol greatly increases the hole density and slows down the kinetics substantially, while affecting only a small change in wettability. n-Hexane addition shows an interesting nonmonotonic response in decreasing the hole density and contact angle in the volume fraction range of 0-0.3 but an opposite effect beyond that. Although the two nonsolvents chosen cannot by themselves induce dewetting, their relative affinity for the solid substrate vis-à-vis acetone can strongly influence the observed dewetting scenarios that are not understood by the existing theoretical considerations. n-Hexane, for example, has great affinity for silicon substrate. In addition to the changes in wettability, viscosity, and film interfacial tension engendered by the nonsolvents, the possibility of the formation of adsorbed liquid layers at the substrate-polymer interface, which can modify the interfacial friction and slippage, needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University , Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
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26
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Sha Y, Li L, Wang X, Wan Y, Yu J, Xue G, Zhou D. Growth of Polymer Nanorods with Different Core–Shell Dynamics via Capillary Force in Nanopores. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5017715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sha
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Linling Li
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Wan
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory
of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase
Transitions and Microstructures
in Condensed Matters, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, P. R. China
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27
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Kellner T, Ehmann HMA, Schrank S, Kunert B, Zimmer A, Roblegg E, Werzer O. Crystallographic textures and morphologies of solution cast Ibuprofen composite films at solid surfaces. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4084-91. [PMID: 25275801 PMCID: PMC4223873 DOI: 10.1021/mp500264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The preparation of thin composite
layers has promising advantages
in a variety of applications like transdermal, buccal, or sublingual
patches. Within this model study the impact of the matrix material
on the film forming properties of ibuprofen–matrix composite
films is investigated. As matrix materials polystyrene, methyl cellulose,
or hydroxyl-ethyl cellulose were used. The film properties were either
varied by the preparation route, i.e., spin coating or drop casting,
or via changes in the relative ratio of the ibuprofen and the matrix
material. The resulting films were investigated via X-ray diffraction
and atomic force microscope experiments. The results show that preferred
(100) textures can be induced via spin coating with respect to the
glass surface, while the drop casting results in a powder-like behavior.
The morphologies of the films are strongly impacted by the ibuprofen
amount rather than the preparation method. A comparison of the various
matrix materials in terms of their impact on the dissolution properties
show a two times faster zero order release from methyl cellulose matrix
compared to a polystyrene matrix. The slowest rate was observed within
the hydroxyl ethyl cellulose as the active pharmaceutical ingredients
(APIs) release is limited by diffusion through a swollen matrix. The
investigation reveals that the ibuprofen crystallization and film
formation is only little effected by the selected matrix material
than that compared to the dissolution. A similar experimental approach
using other matrix materials may therefore allow to find an optimized
composite layer useful for a defined application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kellner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University Graz , 8010 Graz, Austria
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28
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Ehmann HMA, Winter S, Griesser T, Keimel R, Schrank S, Zimmer A, Werzer O. Dissolution testing of hardly soluble materials by surface sensitive techniques: clotrimazole from an insoluble matrix. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2708-15. [PMID: 24752480 PMCID: PMC4197366 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The low aqueous solubility of many drugs impedes detailed investigation as the detection limit of standard testing routines is limited. This is further complicated within application relevant thin films typical used in patches or stripes for buccal or topical routes. METHODS In this work a model system is developed based on spin - casting technique allowing defined clotrimazole and clotrimazole - polystyrene composite films preparation at a solid surface. Various highly sensitive techniques including quarz crystal microbalance (QCM), X-ray reflevtivity (XRR) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) are used to investigate the drug release over time into an aqueous media. RESULTS The results reveal a steady drug release for both samples over the course of the experiments but with the release from the composite being significantly slower. In addition the dissolution rate of the clotrimazole sample initially increases up to 30 min after which a decrease is noted. XRR shows that this is a result of surface roughening together with film thickness reduction. The results for the composite show that the release in the composite film is a result of drug diffusion within the matrix and collapsing PS film thickness whereby XPS shows that the amount of clotrimazole at the surface after 800 min immersion is still high. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the applied techniques allow following low mass drug release in detail which may also be applied to other systems like pellets or surface loaded nano-carriers providing information for processing and application relevant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike M. A. Ehmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universititätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sascha Winter
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität Leoben, Otto-Glöckelstrasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Roman Keimel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universititätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simone Schrank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universititätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universititätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universititätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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29
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Tian H, Yang Y, Ding J, Liu W, Zuo B, Yang J, Wang X. Surface dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate) films affected by the concentration of casting solutions. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6347-6356. [PMID: 25036734 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the concentration of casting solutions on the surface dynamics of the corresponding spin-coated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film was investigated by measuring the surface reorganization of fluorine tracer-labeled PMMA. The onset temperature of fluorinated PMMA chain end reorganization (T(onsetR)) was identified and is shown to depend on the PMMA concentration in the film-forming solution. It was found that the surface T(onsetR) and relaxation activation energy E(a) of the PMMA films prepared from 4.2 wt% PMMA cyclohexanone solution are 70 °C and 260 kJ mol(-1), respectively, which are higher than those of the PMMA films prepared from 0.8 wt% PMMA cyclohexanone solution (55 °C and 144 kJ mol(-1), respectively). The T(onsetR) and E(a) of PMMA films increased with increasing concentration of casting solutions within the range of 1.8 wt% to 4 wt%. The chain entanglement of PMMA chains is proposed to be the speculative origin for these observed depressed dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains on the films' surface prepared using casting solutions of various concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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30
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Sheng X, Wintzenrieth F, Thomas KR, Steiner U. Intrinsic viscoelasticity in thin high-molecular-weight polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062604. [PMID: 25019807 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The rheology of 44-75-nm-thick polystyrene films were probed by destabilization in an electric field. The non-cross-linked films showed the hallmark of viscoelasiticy; they exhibited elastic behavior at high shear rates and viscous rheology at low shear rates for stationary applied fields. These results are interpreted in terms of surface adhesion of chain segments in contact with the substrate surface, which substantially reduces reptative molecular motion of nearly all chains within the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Sheng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katherine R Thomas
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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31
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Ediger MD, Forrest JA. Dynamics near Free Surfaces and the Glass Transition in Thin Polymer Films: A View to the Future. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4017696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Ediger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J. A. Forrest
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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32
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Lam CH, Tsui OKC. Crossover to surface flow in supercooled unentangled polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:042604. [PMID: 24229203 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the driven flow of an unentangled glassy polymer film with a free upper surface and supported below by a substrate using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations based on a bead-spring model. Above the glass transition temperature T(g), simple Poiseuille laminar flow is observed with the film mobility defined as the flow current density per unit pressure gradient scaling as h(3) with the film thickness h. Below T(g), the film mobility becomes independent of h, signifying surface transport. This is in full agreement with recent experiments on the time evolution of capillary waves in polystyrene films supported by silica. A mobile layer is found responsible for the surface transport, as previously conjectured. Our result also shows that it has a velocity profile decaying exponentially into the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Li RN, Chen F, Lam CH, Tsui OKC. Viscosity of PMMA on Silica: Epitome of Systems with Strong Polymer–Substrate Interactions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401527v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranxing N. Li
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Fei Chen
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Chi-Hang Lam
- Department
of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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34
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Deng HY, Li RN, Huang H, Tsui OKC, Lam CH. Power spectral density of free-standing viscoelastic films by adiabatic approximation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4283-4289. [PMID: 23461801 DOI: 10.1021/la4000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we calculated the surface dynamics of noisy viscoelastic supported films by using an adiabatic approximation. An expression was derived for the time-dependent power spectral density (PSD), which was found to produce good agreement with experiment. In this study, we extend the treatment to viscoelastic free-standing films. Two sets of surface capillary normal modes, namely, the squeezing and bending modes, were found. The frequency dispersion relation of the former resembles that of supported films. The latter is distinctively different and diverges at long wavelengths. By incorporating the experimental conditions, we obtained satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yao Deng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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35
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Peng DD, Li RXN, Lam CH, Tsui OKC. Two-layer model description of polymer thin film dynamics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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‘Marker’ grazing-incidence X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy: a new tool to peer into the interfaces of nanoconfined polymer thin films. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Clough A, Chowdhury M, Jahanshahi K, Reiter G, Tsui OKC. Swelling with a Near-Θ Solvent as a Means to Modify the Properties of Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Clough
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Physikalisches Institut, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaiwan Jahanshahi
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Physikalisches Institut, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Physikalisches Institut, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced
Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
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38
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Lam CH, Tsui OKC, Peng D. Surface dynamics of noisy viscoelastic films by adiabatic approximation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10217-10222. [PMID: 22694105 DOI: 10.1021/la301884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface dynamics is sometimes used to determine the rheological properties of soft materials. In typical data analyses, surface capillary waves are included without incorporating thermal noise. A phenomenological expression for the time-dependent power spectral density has been proposed to account for thermal noise and shown to agree well with experiment. In this paper, we investigate the surface dynamics of viscoelastic films with thermal noise by using an adiabatic approximation involving fast quasi-equilibrium elastic vibrations to derive the power spectral density. Our result justifies the use of the phenomenological expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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39
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Li RN, Clough A, Yang Z, Tsui OKC. Equilibration of Polymer Films Cast from Solutions with Different Solvent Qualities. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202612q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranxing Nancy Li
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
| | - Andrew Clough
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United
States
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