1
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Shi R, Yu L, Zhang N, Yang Y, Lu ZY, Qian HJ. Molecular Origin of the Reinforcement Effect and Its Strain-Rate Dependence in Polymer Nanocomposite Glass. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1052-1057. [PMID: 37449975 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the molecular origin of mechanical reinforcement in a polymer nanocomposite (PNC) under a glass state via molecular dynamics simulations. The strength of the PNC system is found to be reinforced mainly via reduced plastic deformations of the nanoparticle neighborhood (NN). Such a reinforcement effect is found to decay with an increase in the strain rate. The Arrhenius-Eyring relation is used to analyze its origin. The amplitude of the reinforcement is found to be determined by the difference between the energy barrier (ΔE) for the activation of NN and the work (W) done by the applied stress to conquer that barrier. A larger strain rate is found to result in a larger W and, hence, a weaker reinforcement effect. Such a strain-rate dependence is verified in the experimental tensile tests of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/SiO2 composite system. These results not only provide a new understanding of the molecular origin of the reinforcement effect in the PNC system, but also pave the way for a better design of the PNC material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
| | - Linxiuzi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
| | - Niboqia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130021
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2
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Tang Y, Cai T, Lin J, Zhang L. Precise Control over Positioning and Orientation of Nanorods in Block Copolymer Nanocomposites via Regulation of Coassembly Pathways. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianyun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Afrasiabian N, Balasubramanian V, Denniston C. Dispersion and orientation patterns in nanorod-infused polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054902. [PMID: 36754792 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing nanorods into a polymeric matrix can enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting material. In this paper, we focus on understanding the dispersion and orientation patterns of nanorods in an unentangled polymer melt, particularly as a function of nanorod concentration, using molecular dynamics simulations. The system is comprised of flexible polymer chains and multi-thread nanorods that are equilibrated in the NPT ensemble. All interactions are purely repulsive except for those between polymers and rods. Results with attractive vs repulsive polymer-rod interactions are compared and contrasted. The concentration of rods has a direct impact on the phase behavior of the system. At lower concentrations, rods phase separate into nematic clusters, whereas at higher concentrations more isotropic and less structured rod configurations are observed. A detailed examination of the conformation of the polymer chains near the rod surface shows extension of the chains along the director of the rods (especially within clusters). The dispersion and orientation of the nanorods are a result of the competition between depletion entropic forces responsible for the formation of rod clusters, the enthalpic effects that improve mixing of rods and polymer, and entropic losses of polymers interpenetrating rod clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Afrasiabian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Venkat Balasubramanian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Colin Denniston
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
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Ionic Polymer Nanocomposites Subjected to Uniaxial Extension: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224001. [PMID: 34833305 PMCID: PMC8621629 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the behavior of coarse-grained ionic polymer nanocomposites (IPNCs) under uniaxial extension up to 800% strain by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We observe a simultaneous increase of stiffness and toughness of the IPNCs upon increasing the engineering strain rate, in agreement with experimental observations. We reveal that the excellent toughness of the IPNCs originates from the electrostatic interaction between polymers and nanoparticles, and that it is not due to the mobility of the nanoparticles or the presence of polymer-polymer entanglements. During the extension, and depending on the nanoparticle volume fraction, polymer-nanoparticle ionic crosslinks are suppressed with the increase of strain rate and electrostatic strength, while the mean pore radius increases with strain rate and is altered by the nanoparticle volume fraction and electrostatic strength. At relatively low strain rates, IPNCs containing an entangled matrix exhibit self-strengthening behavior. We provide microscopic insight into the structural, conformational properties and crosslinks of IPNCs, also referred to as polymer nanocomposite electrolytes, accompanying their unusual mechanical behavior.
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5
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Lu S, Jayaraman A. Effect of Nanorod Physical Roughness on the Aggregation and Percolation of Nanorods in Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1416-1422. [PMID: 35549008 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidate the effect of nanorod roughness on nanorod aggregation, dispersion, and percolation in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). By choosing coarse-grained models that enable systematic variation of the nanorod roughness and by selecting purely repulsive pairwise interactions for nanorods and polymer chains, we show how nanorod roughness affects the entropic driving forces for various PNC morphologies. At this entropically driven limit, we find that increasing nanorod roughness hinders nanorod aggregation and promotes nanorod percolation in the polymer melt. As nanorod roughness increases, the nanorod volume fraction needed to induce nanorod aggregation also increases. Increasing nanorod roughness increases the configurational entropy of the polymer chains and lowers the entropically induced depletion attraction between nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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6
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Erigi U, Dhumal U, Tripathy M. Phase behavior of polymer-nanorod composites: A comparative study using PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124903. [PMID: 33810681 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-dispersed composites of polymer and nanorods have many emerging applications and, therefore, are an important area of research. Polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory and molecular dynamics simulations have become powerful tools in the study of the structure and phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites. In this work, we employ both PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the structure and spinodal phase diagram of 1% volume fraction of nanorods in a polymer melt. We make quantitative comparisons between the phase diagrams, which are reported as a function of nanorod aspect ratio and polymer-nanorod interactions. We find that both PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations predict the formation of contact aggregates at low polymer-nanorod attraction strength (γ) and bridged aggregates at high polymer-nanorod attraction strength. They predict an entropic depletion-driven phase separation at low γ and a bridging-driven spinodal phase separation at high γ. The polymer and nanorods are found to form stable composites at intermediate values of the polymer-nanorod attraction strength. The fall of the bridging boundary and the gradual rise of the depletion boundary with the nanorod aspect ratio are predicted by both PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Hence, the miscible region narrows with increasing aspect ratio. The depletion boundaries predicted by theory and simulation are quite close. However, the respective bridging boundaries present a significant quantitative difference. Therefore, we find that theory and simulations qualitatively complement each other and display quantitative differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umashankar Erigi
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Umesh Dhumal
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mukta Tripathy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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7
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Lu S, Wu Z, Jayaraman A. Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Nanocomposites with Nanorod Fillers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2435-2449. [PMID: 33646794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) containing nanorods with homogeneous and patchy surface chemistry/functionalization, modeled with isotropic and directional nanorod-nanorod attraction, respectively. We show how the PNC morphology is impacted by the nanorod design (i.e., aspect ratio, homogeneous or patchy surface chemistry/functionalization) for nanorods with a diameter equal to the Kuhn length of the polymer in the matrix. For PNCs with 10 vol % nanorods that have an aspect ratio ≤5, we observe percolated morphology with directional nanorod-nanorod attraction and phase-separated (i.e., nanorod aggregation) morphology with isotropic nanorod-nanorod attraction. In contrast, for nanorods with higher aspect ratios, both types of attractions result in aggregated nanorods morphology due to the dominance of entropic driving forces that cause long nanorods to form orientationally ordered aggregates. For most PNCs with isotropic or directional nanorod-nanorod attractions, the average matrix polymer conformation is not perturbed by the inclusion of up to 20 vol % nanorods. The polymer chains in contact with nanorods (i.e., interfacial chains) are on average extended and statistically different from the conformations the matrix chains adopt in the pure melt state (with no nanorods); in contrast, the polymer chains far from nanorods (i.e., bulk chains) adopt the same conformations as the matrix chains adopt in the pure melt state. We also study the effect of other parameters, such as attraction strength, nanorod volume fraction, and matrix chain length, for PNCs with isotropic or directional nanorod-nanorod attractions. Collectively, our results provide valuable design rules to achieve specific PNC morphologies (i.e., dispersed, aggregated, percolated, and orientationally aligned nanorods) for various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Zijie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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8
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Moghimikheirabadi A, Mugemana C, Kröger M, Karatrantos AV. Polymer Conformations, Entanglements and Dynamics in Ionic Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2591. [PMID: 33158229 PMCID: PMC7694256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate nanoparticle (NP) dispersion, polymer conformations, entanglements and dynamics in ionic nanocomposites. To this end, we study nanocomposite systems with various spherical NP loadings, three different molecular weights, two different Bjerrum lengths, and two types of charge-sequenced polymers by means of molecular dynamics simulations. NP dispersion can be achieved in either oligomeric or entangled polymeric matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall conformations of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, are affected by the presence and the amount of charged NPs, while the dimensions of charged entangled polymers remain unperturbed. Both the dynamical behavior of polymers and NPs, and the lifetime and amount of temporary crosslinks, are found to depend on the ratio between the Bjerrum length and characteristic distance between charged monomers. Polymer-polymer entanglements start to decrease beyond a certain NP loading. The dynamics of ionic NPs and polymers is very different compared with their non-ionic counterparts. Specifically, ionic NP dynamics is getting enhanced in entangled matrices and also accelerates with the increase of NP loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Moghimikheirabadi
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mugemana
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Argyrios V. Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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9
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Effect of the Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Cavitation and Crazing Process in the Polymer Nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Chu W, Webb MA, Deng C, Colón YJ, Kambe Y, Krishnan S, Nealey PF, de Pablo JJ. Understanding Ion Mobility in P2VP/NMP+I– Polymer Electrolytes: A Combined Simulation and Experimental Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chuting Deng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yamil J. Colón
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yu Kambe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
| | - Satya Krishnan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
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11
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Kumar S, Pattanayek SK. Effect of Multiaxial Tensile Deformation on the Mechanical Properties of Semiflexible Polymeric Samples. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9238-9249. [PMID: 31593473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the mechanical properties of the semiflexible polymer during multiaxial tensile deformations. The multiaxial tensile deformations can be imposed in totally or partially constrained modes. These types of deformations may be observed during the sudden deformation of polymeric material in the areas of aerospace, automobile, defense applications, etc. It is found that the constrained multiaxial deformation leads to the formation of nanovoids into the polymer sample. The high Young's modulus and yield strength for the totally constrained modes of tensile deformation are due to the energy required to create voids. The variation in von Misses stress, void volume, and bond order parameter with strain indicates the occurrence of brittle fracture during totally constrained tensile deformations. The partially constrained tensile deformations lead to the improvement in bond order parameter and lesser creation of nanovoids within the system. The system shows the characteristic strain hardening before failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory , Jamshedpur 831007 , India
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12
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Gao Y, Duan X, Jiang P, Zhang H, Liu J, Wen S, Zhao X, Zhang L. Molecular dynamics simulation of the electrical conductive network formation of polymer nanocomposites by utilizing diblock copolymer-mediated nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6331-6339. [PMID: 31271186 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01166h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to improve the electrical conductivities of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) as this can widen their application. In this work, by employing a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we investigated the effect of the amphiphilic diblock copolymer (BCP)-mediated nanoparticle (NP) on the conductive probability of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in the quiescent state and under a shear field. The conductive probability of PNCs first increases and then decreases with increasing content of BCPs while, interestingly, it exhibits an N-type dependence on the A-Block-NP interaction. Furthermore, the conductive probability shows a non-monotonic dependence on the fraction of A block (fA) in the BCPs, which reaches the maximum value at moderate fA. Under the shear field, NPs self-assemble to form the sandwich-like structures in the matrix above a critical concentration of BCPs, which leads to the anisotropic conductive probability of PNCs. In addition, the sandwich-like structures of NPs will be broken down at a high shear rate, which reduces the difference of the directional conductive probabilities. Last, the mechanism of the formation of the sandwich-like structures of NPs is discussed. In summary, this work presents a simple method to control the conductive network formation, which can help to design PNCs with high electrical conductivity, and especially anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing, 100076, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, People's Republic of China
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13
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Clarke N. Nanorod Diffusion in Polymer Nanocomposites by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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14
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Kumar SK, Ganesan V, Riggleman RA. Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:020901. [PMID: 28711055 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This topical review discusses the theoretical progress made in the field of polymer nanocomposites, i.e., hybrid materials created by mixing (typically inorganic) nanoparticles (NPs) with organic polymers. It primarily focuses on the outstanding issues in this field and is structured around five separate topics: (i) the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles; (ii) their phase behavior when mixed with a homopolymer matrix and their assembly into well-defined superstructures; (iii) the role of processing on the structures realized by these hybrid materials and the role of the mobilities of the different constituents; (iv) the role of external fields (electric, magnetic) in the active assembly of the NPs; and (v) the engineering properties that result and the factors that control them. While the most is known about topic (ii), we believe that significant progress needs to be made in the other four topics before the practical promise offered by these materials can be realized. This review delineates the most pressing issues on these topics and poses specific questions that we believe need to be addressed in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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15
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Shen J, Li X, Zhang L, Lin X, Li H, Shen X, Ganesan V, Liu J. Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanorod Composites from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsong Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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16
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Gao Y, Ma R, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao X, Zhang L. Controlling the electrical conductive network formation in nanorod filled polymer nanocomposites by tuning nanorod stiffness. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30248-30256. [PMID: 35546821 PMCID: PMC9085393 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, by employing a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we have investigated the effect of the nanorod (NR) stiffness on the relationship between the NR microstructure and the conductive probability of NR filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) under the quiescent state and under the shear field. The conductive probability of PNCs is gradually enhanced with the increase of NR stiffness in the quiescent state; however, it first increases and then decreases under the shear field. As a result, the largest conductive probability appears at moderate NR stiffness, which results from the competition between the improved effective aspect ratio of the NR and the breakage of the conductive network. Meanwhile, compared with in the quiescent state, under the shear field the decrease or the increase of the conductive probability depends on the NR stiffness. At low NR stiffness, the increase of the effective aspect ratio of NR enhances the conductive probability, while at high NR stiffness, the breakage of the conductive network reduces the conductive probability. For flexible NRs, the conductive probability first increases and then decreases with increasing the shear rate. The maximum effective aspect ratio of NRs appears at the moderate shear rate, which is consistent with the conductive probability. In summary, this work presents some further understanding about how NR stiffness affects the electric conductive properties of PNCs under the shear field. In this work, by employing a coarse-grained molecular simulation, we investigated the effect of the nanorod stiffness on the relationship between the microstructure and the conductive probability under the quiescent state and under the shear field.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Ruibin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Huan Zhang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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17
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Zhao X, Li T, Huang L, Li B, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang L. Uncovering the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene via molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27786-27795. [PMID: 35542746 PMCID: PMC9083443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, by employing molecular dynamics simulations in a united atomistic resolution, we explored the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) nanocomposites. We observed that the rupture resistance capability increases with the interfacial interaction between PB and CNTs, as well as the loading of CNTs, attributed to the enhanced chain orientation along the deformed direction to sustain the external force, particularly those near voids. The number of voids is quantified as a function of the strain, exhibiting a non-monotonic behavior because of the coalescence of small voids into larger ones at high strain. However, the number of voids is greatly reduced by stronger PB–CNT interaction and higher loading of CNTs. During the rupture process, the maximum van der Waals energy change reflects the maximum conformational transition rate and the largest number of voids. Meanwhile, the strain at the maximum orientation degree of bonds is roughly consistent with that at the maximum square radius of gyration of chains. After the failure, the stress gradually decreases with the strain, accompanied by the contraction of the highly orientated polymer bundles. In particular, with weak interfacial interaction, the nucleation of voids occurs in the interface, and in the polymer matrix in the strong case. In general, this work could provide some fundamental understanding of the voids occurring in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), with the aim to design and fabricate high performance PNCs. In this work, by employing molecular dynamics simulations in a united atomistic resolution, we explored the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) nanocomposites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchial Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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18
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Li F, Duan X, Zhang H, Li B, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang L. Molecular dynamics simulation of the electrical conductive network formation of polymer nanocomposites with polymer-grafted nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21822-21831. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Grafting chains on the surface of a filler is an effective strategy to tune and control the filler conductive network, which can be utilized to fabricate polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with high electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchial Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhao J, Wu L, Zhan C, Shao Q, Guo Z, Zhang L. Overview of polymer nanocomposites: Computer simulation understanding of physical properties. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Polpaya IC, Rao CL, Varughese S. Strain induced insulator-to-conductor transition in conducting polymer composites from the auxetic behaviour of hierarchical microstructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19377-19385. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The auxetic behaviour of the hierarchichal microstructure present in polyaniline composites is shown to result in an insulator-to-conductor transition and a reduction in the percolation threshold upon the application of strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Lakshmana Rao
- Department of Applied Mechanics
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Susy Varughese
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
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21
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Starr FW, Douglas JF, Meng D, Kumar SK. Bound Layers "Cloak" Nanoparticles in Strongly Interacting Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10960-10965. [PMID: 28024345 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-nanoparticle (NP) interfacial interactions are expected to strongly influence the properties of nanocomposites, but surprisingly, experiments often report small or no changes in the glass transition temperature, Tg. To understand this paradoxical situation, we simulate nanocomposites over a broad range of polymer-NP interaction strengths, ε. When ε is stronger than the polymer-polymer interaction, a distinct relaxation that is slower than the main α-relaxation emerges, arising from an adsorbed "bound" polymer layer near the NP surface. This bound layer "cloaks" the NPs, so that the dynamics of the matrix polymer are largely unaffected. Consequently, Tg defined from the temperature dependence of the routinely measured thermodynamics or the polymer matrix relaxation is nearly independent of ε, in accord with many experiments. Apparently, quasi-thermodynamic measurements do not reliably reflect dynamical changes in the bound layer, which alter the overall composite dynamics. These findings clarify the relation between quasi-thermodynamic Tg measurements and nanocomposite dynamics, and should also apply to thin polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University , Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Wesleyan University , Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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22
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Karatrantos A, Clarke N, Kröger M. Modeling of Polymer Structure and Conformations in Polymer Nanocomposites from Atomistic to Mesoscale: A Review. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Shavit A, Riggleman RA. The dynamics of unentangled polymers during capillary rise infiltration into a nanoparticle packing. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8285-8295. [PMID: 26355281 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although highly packed polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are important for a wide array of applications, preparing them remains difficult because of the poor dispersion of NPs at high loading fractions. One method to successfully prepare PNCs with high loadings is through capillary rise infiltration, as previously shown by Huang et al., although the mechanism of polymer infiltration remains largely unknown. We use molecular dynamics simulations to directly simulate the process of capillary rise infiltration, and we show that the polymers follow Lucas-Washburn dynamics. We observe a wetting front that precedes bulk infiltration, and chains belonging to this front are highly adsorbed to NPs. We also investigate the viscosity of the model polymers both globally and locally in supported and free-standing films, and we find reduced viscosity near the surface of the films and increased viscosity near the supporting substrate, similar to the results of local relaxation times. The reduction in the viscosity at the free surface for short, oligomeric polymers is smaller than for higher molecular weight polymers, and the ratio of the surface viscosities is most consistent with the predictions of the Lucas-Washburn equation. Our results introduce the mechanism by which polymers infiltrate a highly packed NP film, which may shed light on better ways to prepare these materials for energy storage applications and protective coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shavit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Gao Y, Cao D, Liu J, Shen J, Wu Y, Zhang L. Molecular dynamics simulation of the conductivity mechanism of nanorod filled polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22959-68. [PMID: 26267833 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We adopted molecular dynamics simulation to study the conductive property of nanorod-filled polymer nanocomposites by focusing on the effects of the interfacial interaction, aspect ratio of the fillers, external shear field, filler-filler interaction and temperature. The variation of the percolation threshold is anti N-type with increasing interfacial interaction. It decreases with an increase in the aspect ratio. At an intermediate filler-filler interaction, a minimum percolation threshold appears. The percolation threshold decreases to a plateau with temperature. At low interfacial interaction, the effect of an external shear field on the homogeneous probability is negligible; however, the directional probability increases with shear rate. Moreover, the difference in conductivity probabilities is reduced for different interfacial interactions under shear. Under shear, the decrease or increase of conductivity probability depends on the initial dispersion state. However, the steady-state conductivity is independent of the initial state for different interfacial interactions. In particular, the evolution of the conductivity network structure under shear is investigated. In short, this study may provide rational tuning methods to obtain nanorod-filled polymer nanocomposites with high conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Gao Y, Liu J, Shen J, Cao D, Zhang L. Molecular dynamics simulation of the rupture mechanism in nanorod filled polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:18483-92. [PMID: 25072998 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we aim to uncover the rupture mechanism of polymer-nanorod nanocomposites by characterizing the structural and dynamic changes during the tension process. We find that the strain at failure is corresponding to the coalescence of a single void into larger voids, namely the change of the free volume. And the minimum of the Van der Walls (VDWL) energy reflects the maximum mobility of polymer chains and the largest number of voids of polymer nanocomposites. After the failure, the stress gradually decreases with the strain, accompanied by the contract of the highly orientated polymer bundles. In particular, we observe that the nucleation of voids prefers to occur from where the ends of polymer chains are located. We systematically study the effects of the interfacial interaction, temperature, the length and volume fraction of nanorods, chain length, bulk cross-linking density and interfacial chemical bonds on the rupture behavior, such as the stress at failure, the tensile modulus and the rupture energy. The rupture resistance ability increases with the increase of the interfacial interaction, rod length, and bulk cross-linking density. With an increase in the interfacial interaction, it induces the rupture transition from mode A (no bundles) to B (bundles). The transition point of the stress at failure as a function of the temperature roughly corresponds to the glass transition temperature. At longer chain length, a non-zero stress plateau occurs. And excessive chemical bonds between polymers and nanorods are harmful to the rupture property. We find that an optimal volume fraction of nanorods exists for the stress-strain behavior, which can be rationalized by the formation of the strongest polymer-nanorod network, leading to the slowest mobility of nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials and Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Hattemer GD, Arya G. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Composites from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Hattemer
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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27
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Structural and mechanical properties of advanced polymer gels with rigid side-chains using coarse-grained molecular dynamics. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Gao Y, Liu J, Shen J, Wu Y, Zhang L. Influence of various nanoparticle shapes on the interfacial chain mobility: a molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21372-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Gao Y, Liu J, Shen J, Zhang L, Guo Z, Cao D. Uniaxial deformation of nanorod filled polymer nanocomposites: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16039-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Koski J, Chao H, Riggleman RA. Field theoretic simulations of polymer nanocomposites. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:244911. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4853755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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31
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Gao Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Cao D. Existence of a Glassy Layer in the Polymer-Nanosheet Interface: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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32
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Chao H, Riggleman RA. Effect of particle size and grafting density on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Kutvonen A, Rossi G, Puisto SR, Rostedt NKJ, Ala-Nissila T. Influence of nanoparticle size, loading, and shape on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:214901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Toepperwein GN, Schweizer KS, Riggleman RA, de Pablo JJ. Heterogeneous Segmental Dynamics during Creep and Constant Strain Rate Deformations of Rod-Containing Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301501z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Toepperwein
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706-1691, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science
and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
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35
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Kröger M, Clarke N. Entanglements and Dynamics of Polymer Melts near a SWCNT. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3007637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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36
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Toepperwein GN, Karayiannis NC, Riggleman RA, Kröger M, de Pablo JJ. Influence of Nanorod Inclusions on Structure and Primitive Path Network of Polymer Nanocomposites at Equilibrium and Under Deformation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102741r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Toepperwein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1691, United States
| | - Nikos Ch. Karayiannis
- Institute for Optoelectronics and Microsystems (ISOM) and ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Martin Kröger
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1691, United States
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