1
|
Sutton AT, Arrua RD, Gaborieau M, Castignolles P, Hilder EF. Characterization of oligo(acrylic acid)s and their block co-oligomers. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:163-177. [PMID: 30143214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(acrylic acid), oligoAA are important species currently used industrially in the stabilization of paints and also for the production of self-assembled polymer structures which have been shown to have useful applications in analytical separation methods and potentially in drug delivery systems. To properly tailor the synthesis of oligoAA, and its block co-oligomers synthesized by Reversible-Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization to applications, detailed knowledge about the chemical structure is needed. Commonly used techniques such as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) suffer from poor resolution and non-quantitative distributions, respectively. In this work free solution Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) has been thoroughly investigated as an alternative, allowing for the separation of oligoAA by molar mass and the RAFT agent end group. The method was then extended to block co-oligomers of acrylic acid and styrene. Peak capacities up to 426 were observed for these 1D CE separations, 10 times greater than what has been achieved for Liquid Chromatography (LC) of oligostyrenes. To provide a comprehensive insight into the chemical structure of these materials 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to provide an accurate average chain length and reveal the presence of branching. The chain length at which branching is detected was investigated with the results showing a degree of branching of 1% of the monomer units in oligoAA with an average chain length of 9 monomer units, which was the shortest chain length at which branching could be detected. This branching is suspected to be a result of both intermolecular and intramolecular transfer reactions. The combination of free solution CE and NMR spectroscopy is shown to provide a near complete elucidation of the chemical structure of oligoAA including the average chain length and branching as well as the chain length and RAFT agent end group distribution. Furthermore, the purity in terms of the dead chains and unreacted RAFT agent was quantified. The use of free solution CE and 1H NMR spectroscopy demonstrated in this work can be routinely applied to oligoelectrolytes and their block co-oligomers to provide an accurate characterization which allows for better design of the materials produced from these oligomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Sutton
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5011, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5011, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Marianne Gaborieau
- Western Sydney University, ACROSS, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia; Western Sydney University, Medical Sciences Research Group, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Patrice Castignolles
- Western Sydney University, ACROSS, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5011, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang H, Song Z, Shen X, Zhang S, Li J, Zhang W. Reversible complexation/disassembly of thermo-responsive vesicles and nanospheres of diblock copolymers synthesized by dispersion RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Dan M, Huo F, Xiao X, Su Y, Zhang W. Temperature-Sensitive Nanoparticle-to-Vesicle Transition of ABC Triblock Copolymer Corona–Shell–Core Nanoparticles Synthesized by Seeded Dispersion RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihan Dan
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of
Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Huo
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of
Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of
Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of
Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Functional
Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of
Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao X, He S, Dan M, Su Y, Huo F, Zhang W. Brush macro-RAFT agent mediated dispersion polymerization of styrene in the alcohol/water mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shangjin He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Meihan Dan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dan M, Huo F, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang W. Dispersion RAFT polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine in toluene mediated with the macro-RAFT agent of polystyrene dithiobenzoate: Effect of the macro-RAFT agent chain length and growth of the block copolymer nano-objects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
6
|
Xu J, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sun P. RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using brush copolymer as surfactant macro-RAFT agent: Effect of the brush copolymer sequence and chemical composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|