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Asandulesa M, Solonaru AM, Resmerita AM, Honciuc A. Thermal and Dielectric Investigations of Polystyrene Nanoparticles as a Viable Platform-Toward the Next Generation of Fillers for Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2899. [PMID: 37447544 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are often used as fillers for enhancing various properties of polymer composites such as mechanical, electrical, or dielectric. Among them, polymer nanoparticles are considered ideal contenders because of their compatibility with a polymer matrix. For this reason, it is important that they are synthesized in a surfactant-free form, to obtain predictable surface and structural properties. Here, we synthesized a series of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs), by emulsion polymerization of styrene, using varying amounts of divinylbenzene as a crosslinking agent and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate as a copolymerizing monomer surfactant-"surfmer". Using "surfmers" we obtained surfactant-free nanoparticles that are monodisperse, with a high degree of thermal stability, as observed by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric investigations. The prepared series of NPs were investigated by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy and we demonstrate that by fine-tuning their chemical composition, fine changes in their dielectric and thermal properties are obtained. Further, we demonstrate that the physical transformations in the nanoparticles, such as the glass transition, can be predicted by performing the first derivative of dielectric permittivity for all investigated samples. The glass transition temperature of PS NPs appears to be inversely correlated with the dielectric permittivity and the average diameter of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Asandulesa
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Solonaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Resmerita
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Honciuc
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Oligoglycidol-Functionalised Styrene Macromolecules as Reactive Surfactants in the Emulsion Polymerisation of Styrene: The Impact of Chain Length and Concentration on Particle Size and Colloidal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071557. [PMID: 32674421 PMCID: PMC7408138 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive surfactants (surfmers), which are covalently attached to the surface of sub-micron sized polymer particles during emulsion polymerisation, are applied to tailor the surface functionality of polymer particles for an application of choice. We present a systematic study on the use of oligoglycidol-functionalised styrene macromolecules as surfmers in the emulsion polymerization of styrene. Firstly, we report the impact of the surfmer concentration on the particle size for polymerisations performed above and below the critical micelle concentration. Secondly, we report the influence of the oligoglycidol chain length on the particle size. Thirdly, we conducted experiments to analyse the influence of the surfmer concentration and its chain length on the colloidal stability of the aqueous polystyrene nanoparticles in sodium chloride solutions. We demonstrated that the size of polystyrene particles could be influenced by changing both the surfmer concentration and its chain length. Furthermore, we showed that the colloidal stability of the oligoglycidol-functionalized polystyrene particles is dependent on the particle size, and not directly related to the oligoglycidol chain length.
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3
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Synthesis of surface-functionalized polymer particles prepared by amphiphilic macromonomers with hydrophobic end groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Liu B, Bai Y, Sun C, Chen M, Cao Z, Du S, Xu L, Zhang M. Synthesis of monodisperse, re-dispersable polymer particles by one-step high solid emulsion polymerization in the presence of reactive surfactant. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1505527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Yang Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Chunfu Sun
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Zhichen Cao
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Lu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
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Chakraborty S, Ramakrishnan S. Surface-Functionalized Polystyrene Latexes Using Itaconate-Based Surfmers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11729-11737. [PMID: 30193459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Itaconic acid was readily transformed to a series of amphiphilic diesters via stepwise esterification of itaconic anhydride; the diesters carry one alkyl (cetyl or octyl) group and either a PEG, glyceryl, or dopamine segment. These diesters were used as surfmers for the preparation of polystyrene (PS) emulsions, with the expectation that the surface of the emulsion particles would carry PEG, glyceryl or dopamine units. NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the surfmers were covalently incorporated into the polystyrene chains; furthermore, NMR tube polymerization experiments also confirmed that when the PEG surfmer was used, the PEG segments are indeed present on the surface of the emulsion particles. The size of the PEGlyated PS emulsions was readily varied from 35 to 140 nm by changing the mole fraction of surfmer used. In the case of the glyceryl and dopamine carrying surfmers, an octyl unit was used as the hydrophobic segment to ensure appropriate hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance; it was noticed that significantly larger mole fractions of the surfmers were required (15-20 mol %) to generate stable emulsions with particle sizes of about 150 nm. The PS emulsions carrying dopamine units on the surface were found to adhere to glass surfaces; thus suggesting that such "sticky" emulsion particles could be used to functionalize different types of surfaces. Finally, itaconate diesters bearing cetyl and perfluorooctyl segments were also prepared and shown to copolymerize with styrene to generate fluoroalkyl-enriched PS copolymers; these were used to generate hydrophobic coatings, with water contact angles of over 120°. Thus, itaconate-based surfmers are readily accessible alternatives for the preparation of emulsions with tailored size and surface functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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6
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Wald S, Simon J, Dietz JP, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Polyglycerol Surfmers and Surfactants for Direct and Inverse Miniemulsion. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wald
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jule P. Dietz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Kather M, Skischus M, Kandt P, Pich A, Conrads G, Neuss S. Funktionelle Isoeugenol-modifizierte Nanogel-Beschichtungen für biologische Grenzflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kather
- Funktionelle und interaktive Polymere; DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Merle Skischus
- Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Orale Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, ZPP, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Deutschland
| | - Pierre Kandt
- Institut für Pathologie und Helmholtz Institut für Biomedizinische Technologien - Zell- und Molekularbiologie an Grenzflächen, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Deutschland
| | - Andrij Pich
- Funktionelle und interaktive Polymere; DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Georg Conrads
- Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Orale Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, ZPP, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Deutschland
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Institut für Pathologie und Helmholtz Institut für Biomedizinische Technologien - Zell- und Molekularbiologie an Grenzflächen, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Deutschland
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Kather M, Skischus M, Kandt P, Pich A, Conrads G, Neuss S. Functional Isoeugenol-Modified Nanogel Coatings for the Design of Biointerfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2497-2502. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kather
- Funktionelle und interaktive Polymere; DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Merle Skischus
- Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Orale Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, ZPP, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Germany
| | - Pierre Kandt
- Institut für Pathologie und Helmholtz Institut für Biomedizinische Technologien-Zell- und Molekularbiologie an Grenzflächen, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Funktionelle und interaktive Polymere; DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Orale Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, ZPP, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Institut für Pathologie und Helmholtz Institut für Biomedizinische Technologien-Zell- und Molekularbiologie an Grenzflächen, Uniklinik; RWTH Aachen; Germany
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Neqal M, Pichavant L, Gauthier M, Héroguez V. Plurifunctional polyglycidol-based particles prepared by Dispersion Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of sub-micron sized hollow, and nanoporous phenylsiloxane spheres through use of phenyltrimethoxysilane as surfmer: Insights into the surfactant and factors influencing the particle architecture. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pichavant L, Carrié H, Durrieu MC, Héroguez V. Nanoparticles highly loaded with gentamicin sulfate by a combination of polyhydroxylated macromonomers and ROMP for the synthesis of bioactive biomaterials. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles highly loaded with gentamicin sulfate were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis copolymerization in a dispersion of norbornene with modified polyhydroxylated macromonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pichavant
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | - H. Carrié
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | | | - V. Héroguez
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
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12
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Killops KL, Rodriguez CG, Lundberg P, Hawker CJ, Lynd NA. A synthetic strategy for the preparation of sub-100 nm functional polymer particles of uniform diameter. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic block copolymer surfactant is used to impart modifiable surface functionality to polymer nanoparticles synthesized via emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina G. Rodriguez
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Research Laboratory
| | - Pontus Lundberg
- Life Sciences Solutions
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Lillestrøm
- Norway
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Research Laboratory
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13
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Mann D, Chattopadhyay S, Pargen S, Verheijen M, Keul H, Buskens P, Möller M. Glucose-functionalized polystyrene particles designed for selective deposition of silver on the surface. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Hou Y, Cao S, Li X, Wang B, Pei Y, Wang L, Pei Z. One-step synthesis of dual clickable nanospheres via ultrasonic-assisted click polymerization for biological applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16909-16917. [PMID: 25211060 DOI: 10.1021/am504479w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dual clickable nanospheres (DCNSs) were synthesized in one step using an efficient approach of ultrasonic-assisted azide-alkyne click polymerization, avoiding the need of surfactants. This novel approach presents a direct clickable monomer-to-nanosphere synthesis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic laser scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the synthesized DCNSs. Numerous terminal alkynyl and azide groups on the surface of DCNSs facilitate effective conjugation of multiple molecules or ligands onto a single nanocarrier platform under mild conditions. To exemplify the potential of DCNSs in biological applications, (1) multivalent glyconanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared by clicking DCNSs with azide-functionalized and alkyne-functionalized lactose sequentially for the determination of carbohydrate-galectin interactions with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor. Using protein chip (purified galectin-3 coated on chip) and cell chip (Jurkat cells immobilized on chip), the QCM sensorgrams showed excellent binding activity of GNPs for galectins; (2) fluorescent GNPs were prepared by clicking DCNSs with azide-functionalized Rhodamine B and alkyne-functionalized lactose sequentially in order to target galectin, which is overexpressed on the surface of Jurkat cells. The fluorescent images obtained clearly showed the cellular internalization of fluorescent GNPs. This fluorescent probe could be easily adapted to drugs to construct lectin-targeted drug delivery systems. Thus, DCNSs prepared with our method may provide a wide range of potential applications in glycobiology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Zhuge W, Pan M, Chang Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Sun C, Zhang G. Monodispersed composite particles prepared via emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization using waterborne polyurethane as microreactors. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhuge
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Pan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Chang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Caili Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
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Thomas A, Müller SS, Frey H. Beyond Poly(ethylene glycol): Linear Polyglycerol as a Multifunctional Polyether for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1935-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5002608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Thomas
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie S. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Popadyuk A, Tarnavchyk I, Popadyuk N, Kohut A, Samaryk V, Voronov S, Voronov A. A novel copolymer of N-[(tert-butylperoxy)methyl]acrylamide and maleic anhydride for use as a reactive surfactant in emulsion polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Preparation of emulsifier-free acrylate cross-linkable copolymer emulsion and application in coatings for controlling indoor humidity. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-013-0144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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