1
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Li Z, Mao Z, Wang B, Li T. Molecular Origins of Shock Dissipation in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2201-2214. [PMID: 38381395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To explain the molecular origin of shock dissipation in polymer-based composites, a new method is proposed by absolutely quantifying the relative position between molecular chains, which directly reflects the shock dissipation energy between molecular chains and at the interfaces with nanofillers during mechanical deformation. The effects of nanofiller content and system temperature on energy dissipation were examined based on this newly proposed method, and the differences in energy dissipation between the thermosetting polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) and thermoplastic polymer (polyether-ether-ketone) under identical physical conditions were both studied to validate the reliability of the quantification method proposed in this paper. The present study offers a tool that provides theoretical insights to understand the molecular origins of shock dissipation in polymer composites as well as to facilitate the optimal design of composites with outstanding damping characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zebei Mao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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2
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Toader G, Diacon A, Axinte SM, Mocanu A, Rusen E. State-of-the-Art Polyurea Coatings: Synthesis Aspects, Structure-Properties Relationship, and Nanocomposites for Ballistic Protection Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38399832 PMCID: PMC10893384 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents polyurea (PU) synthesis, the structure-properties relationship, and characterization aspects for ballistic protection applications. The synthesis of polyurea entails step-growth polymerization through the reaction of an isocyanate monomer/prepolymer and a polyamine, each component possessing a functionality of at least two. A wide range of excellent properties such as durability and high resistance against atmospheric, chemical, and biological factors has made this polymer an outstanding option for ballistic applications. Polyureas are an extraordinary case because they contain both rigid segments, which are due to the diisocyanates used and the hydrogen points formed, and a flexible zone, which is due to the chemical structure of the polyamines. These characteristics motivate their application in ballistic protection systems. Polyurea-based coatings have also demonstrated their abilities as candidates for impulsive loading applications, affording a better response of the nanocomposite-coated metal sheet at the action of a shock wave or at the impact of a projectile, by suffering lower deformations than neat metallic plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toader
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Aurel Diacon
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.D.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sorin Mircea Axinte
- S.C. Daily Sourcing & Research SRL, 95-97 Calea Griviței, 010705 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Edina Rusen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
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3
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Vega DA, Lance P, Zorzi E, Register RA, Gómez LR. Shock compression of semiflexible polymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6131-6139. [PMID: 37540128 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00765k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the shock compression of linear semiflexible polymers. While the propagation velocity of a shock primarily depends on density, both chain rigidity and chain orientation significantly influence the shock width and the final temperature of the system. In general, the shock wave triggers molecular buckling in chains oriented perpendicular to the compression front. Following the passage of the front, the semiflexible chains buckle with a wavelength that decreases with the compression speed as λm ∼ up-0.2, and subsequent relaxation leads to a banana-like liquid crystal phase. In ordered systems with molecules oriented perpendicular to the compression front, the shock width increases by a factor of up to 10 compared to a similar isotropic system, resulting in enhanced shock energy absorption. These findings indicate that chain stiffness plays a critical role in the impact absorption properties of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Vega
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Lance
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Enzo Zorzi
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Leopoldo R Gómez
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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4
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Investigating the molecular origins of deformation in polyurea. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Ortellado L, Vega DA, Gómez LR. Shock melting of lamellae-forming block copolymers. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044502. [PMID: 36397587 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the propagation of shocks through monoatomic liquids and solids is now well understood, the response of macromolecular systems to shock compression remains far less studied. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the shock compression of diblock copolymers assembled in a lamellae morphology, which may display outstanding ballistic performance. For the first time, we show that the morphologies observed after the passage of the shock resemble those observed at equilibrium, at a temperature dictated by the compression velocity. In copolymers, shock compression leads to a decrease in the lamellae period, favoring the mixing of the polymer blocks, such that strongly segregated initial morphologies evolve into less segregated phases after the passage of the shock, or can even melt into an isotropic phase for strong shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano Ortellado
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Vega
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo R Gómez
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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6
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Wang Y, Ma R, Li H, Hu S, Gao Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Zhang L. Effect of the content and strength of hard segment on the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer: insights from molecular dynamics simulation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4090-4101. [PMID: 35575258 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide application, it is very crucial to understand the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer (PU, denoted by soft-hard block copolymer), which contains the soft segments (SS) and hard segments (HS). Thus, in this work, the effect of the content and strength of HS on the viscoelasticity of PU is explored in detail by adopting a coarse-grained model. First, the phase morphology of PU is characterized where both the single continuous phase and the bicontinuous phase are observed by varying the content of HS. Then, the viscoelasticity of PU is calculated by analyzing the storage modulus, the loss modulus, and the loss factor, which depends on the content and strength of HS. To further elucidate the mechanism for the storage modulus, the normalized interaction energy, the order parameter, and the formation probability of the HS or SS phase are characterized with the shear strain amplitude, which reflects the deformation of the phase structure. Then, the energy dissipation is quantified, which can rationalize the loss modulus well. A parameter is introduced, which considers the relative slippage and the content of HS or SS. It can explain the change in the loss factor with the content and strength of HS. In summary, this work can help to further understand how the content and strength of hard segments affect the viscoelasticity of the soft-hard block PU and structure evolution at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruibin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
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7
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Zheng T, Li T, Shi J, Wu T, Zhuang Z, Xu J, Guo B. Molecular Insight into the Toughness of Polyureas: A Hybrid All-Atom/Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Li
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Zhuang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Zhang K, Yuan X, Li D, Du J, Wang B, Li T. Mechanical Properties of Solution-Blended Graphene Nanoplatelets/Polyether-Ether-Ketone Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10597-10609. [PMID: 34517704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A lightweight composite with outstanding damping effects and impact resistance is significant for the design of functional structures in advanced equipment, such as aircraft and space vehicles. In this paper, the mechanical properties of solution-blended graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)/polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) nanocomposites were characterized by both experimental and numerical methods. It can be found that the layer number and packing configuration of graphene layers are critical to the efficiency of energy dissipation in the composite, while a pack of six- layer graphene and the perpendicular arrangement to the shockwave direction provide the most outstanding energy dissipation ability. The reflection of shockwave caused by graphene reinforcements in the nanocomposite was found to be the dominating reason for the enhanced energy dissipation effect. Physical mechanisms of energy dissipation are investigated by a molecular modeling method to provide insights into the cross-scale design of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites as structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaozhuang Yuan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Twin for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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9
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Zheng T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Xu J, Guo B. Revealing the role of hydrogen bonding in polyurea with multiscale simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1967346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zheng
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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11
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Stevenson CS, Curro JG, McCoy JD. Gruneisen parameters of bead-spring chains: MD simulation and theory. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244903. [PMID: 33380084 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out in a microcanonical ensemble to compute the Gruneisen parameter (denoted as γ) of a liquid of bead-spring chains having 10 beads/chain. γ was studied over a wide range of temperatures below and above the glass transition temperature. We found that the Gruneisen parameter varied in the range of 2.1-3.1 and was significantly higher than typically observed experimentally in real polymers. In the glass, a theory was developed for γ using a cell model in which the beads are harmonically bound to their respective cell centers. The resulting Gruneisen parameter is predicted to increase slightly with temperature. Above the glass transition temperature, we employed the generalized Flory dimer equation-of-state and the polymer reference interaction model theory to calculate γ. In these calculations, we found that γ decreased with temperature in the liquid. The theoretical predictions for γ were found to be in good qualitative agreement with our MD simulations, without any adjustable parameters, both above and below Tg. In experiments on real polymers, γ undergoes a sharp discontinuity at the glass transition. By contrast, in our MD simulations, γ varies smoothly over a broad transition region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G Curro
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - John D McCoy
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
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12
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Hong W, Lin J, Tian X, Wang L. Distinct Viscoelasticity of Hierarchical Nanostructures Self-Assembled from Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Tamir E, Srebnik S, Sidess A. Prediction of the relaxation modulus of a fluoroelastomer using molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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15
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Lee J, Jing BB, Porath LE, Sottos NR, Evans CM. Shock Wave Energy Dissipation in Catalyst-Free Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Vitrimers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Zhao R, Wang Y, Gong X. Influence of the interfacial interaction strength on the viscoelasticity of hard-soft block copolymer based nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3897-3905. [PMID: 32016183 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the interaction strength between hard segments (soft segments) and nanofillers on the morphology and viscoelastic mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on hard-soft block copolymers was studied by adopting molecular dynamics simulations. The morphologies of the models studied in this work could be classified into three types, each with distinct mechanical properties. The Payne effect and reinforcement of G' were successfully reproduced. Two mechanisms responsible for the viscoelastic behaviours were proposed, including damage of hard domains and desorption of polymer chains from the nanofillers. Further, the evolution of the polymer-nanofiller interface and hard domains was examined by monitoring the energy, snapshots, and corresponding microstructure parameters during deformation. The damage of hard domains was in the form of transforming from the compact state to the loose state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Liu M, Oswald J. Coarse–grained molecular modeling of the microphase structure of polyurea elastomer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Lee J, Lau VM, Ren Y, Evans CM, Moore JS, Sottos NR. Effect of Polymerized Ionic Liquid Structure and Morphology on Shockwave Energy Dissipation. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:535-539. [PMID: 35619357 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of nanosegregated polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) to dissipate shockwave energy is investigated for a series of imidazolium-based PILs with varying alkyl spacer length. The PILs are designed to have similar glass transition temperatures but different structures. X-ray scattering analysis reveals that each of the amorphous PILs exhibit distinct nanoscale structural heterogeneity, depending on the length of the chain spacer. We find that a higher structural heterogeneity, determined from the intensity of the intercluster scattering peak, in the PILs with longer alkyl spacers results in greater shockwave energy dissipation. In addition, we observe the crystalline phase is less effective at dissipating shockwave energy than the amorphous phase due to the close packed morphology and slow kinetics.
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19
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Zhu S, Lempesis N, in ‘t Veld PJ, Rutledge GC. Molecular Simulation of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes under Large Compressive Deformation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nikolaos Lempesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Gregory C. Rutledge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Shen J, Li X, Zhang L, Lin X, Li H, Shen X, Ganesan V, Liu J. Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanorod Composites from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsong Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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21
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Kacar G. Dissipative particle dynamics parameterization and simulations to predict negative volume excess and structure of PEG and water mixtures. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Ransom TC, Ahart M, Hemley RJ, Roland CM. Vitrification and Density Scaling of Polyurea at Pressures up to 6 GPa. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Ransom
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6105, Washington, D.C. 20375-53452, United States
| | - Muhtar Ahart
- Geophysical
Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Russell J. Hemley
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - C. Michael Roland
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6105, Washington, D.C. 20375-53452, United States
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23
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Lempesis N, in ‘t Veld PJ, Rutledge GC. Atomistic Simulation of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Micromechanical Modeling. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Lempesis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Gregory C. Rutledge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Agrawal V, Peralta P, Li Y, Oswald J. A pressure-transferable coarse-grained potential for modeling the shock Hugoniot of polyethylene. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Agrawal
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Pedro Peralta
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Yiyang Li
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Jay Oswald
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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25
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Root SE, Savagatrup S, Pais CJ, Arya G, Lipomi DJ. Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Christopher J. Pais
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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26
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Agrawal V, Holzworth K, Nantasetphong W, Amirkhizi AV, Oswald J, Nemat‐Nasser S. Prediction of viscoelastic properties with coarse‐grained molecular dynamics and experimental validation for a benchmark polyurea system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Agrawal
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempe Arizona 85287
| | - Kristin Holzworth
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringCenter of Excellence for Advanced Materials, University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla California92093‐0416
| | - Wiroj Nantasetphong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringCenter of Excellence for Advanced Materials, University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla California92093‐0416
| | | | - Jay Oswald
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempe Arizona 85287
| | - Sia Nemat‐Nasser
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringCenter of Excellence for Advanced Materials, University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla California92093‐0416
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27
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Yang K, Lee J, Sottos NR, Moore JS. Shock-Induced Ordering in a Nano-segregated Network-Forming Ionic Liquid. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16000-3. [PMID: 26651363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding shockwave-induced physical and chemical changes of impact-absorbing materials is an important step toward the rational design of materials that mitigate the damage. In this work, we report a series of network-forming ionic liquids (NILs) that possess an intriguing shockwave absorption property upon laser-induced shockwave. Microstructure analysis by X-ray scattering suggests nano-segregation of alkyl side chains and charged head groups in NILs. Further post-shock observations indicate changes in the low-Q region, implying that the soft alkyl domain in NILs plays an important role in absorbing shockwaves. Interestingly, we observe a shock-induced ordering in the NIL with the longest (hexyl) side chain, indicating that both nano-segregated structure and shock-induced ordering contribute to NIL's shockwave absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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28
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Regulation of crystalline morphologies and mechanical properties of olefin multiblock copolymers by blending polymer with similar architecture of constituent blocks. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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30
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Panthani TR, Bates FS. Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Poly(l-lactide)-Based Rubbery/Semicrystalline Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessie R. Panthani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Hattemer GD, Arya G. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Composites from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Hattemer
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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32
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Agrawal V, Arya G, Oswald J. Simultaneous Iterative Boltzmann Inversion for Coarse-Graining of Polyurea. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500320n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Agrawal
- School for the Engineering
of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jay Oswald
- School for the Engineering
of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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33
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34
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Cai Y, Zhao FP, An Q, Wu HA, Goddard WA, Luo SN. Shock response of single crystal and nanocrystalline pentaerythritol tetranitrate: Implications to hotspot formation in energetic materials. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4825400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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35
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Cui Z, Brinson LC. Thermomechanical properties and deformation of coarse-grained models of hard-soft block copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:022602. [PMID: 24032857 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.022602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the enhancement mechanism of the mechanical properties for hard-soft block copolymers by using molecular dynamics simulations at various temperatures. A coarse-grained approach is adopted to study sufficiently generic models. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the nonbond potential plays a more significant role in mechanical properties compared to the bond potential. This finding serves as a cornerstone to understand the hard-soft materials. To explore the effect of hard segments, four copolymers with different concentrations and energy factors that describe the interaction between hard beads are conducted. Simulation results show that the mechanical performances of the system with large attractive force and small concentration of hard segments could be improved dramatically in conjunction with a moderate increment of the glass transition temperature. In particular, the energy factor shows a substantial influence in determining the microphase separation as well as the morphology of hard domains. These observations are believed to provide design guidelines for polymeric materials in engineering practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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36
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Steinmüller B, Müller M, Hambrecht KR, Bedrov D. Random Block Copolymers: Structure, Dynamics, and Mechanical Properties in the Bulk and at Selective Substrates. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302151z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birger Steinmüller
- Institut für
Theoretische
Physik, Georg-August Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut für
Theoretische
Physik, Georg-August Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Keith R. Hambrecht
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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