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Curole BJ, Broussard WJ, Nadeem A, Grayson SM. Dithiol-yne Polymerization: Comb Polymers with Poly(ethylene glycol) Side chains. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Curole
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
| | - William J. Broussard
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
| | - Amman Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
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2
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Albeshir EG, Alsahafi R, Albluwi R, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Oates TW, Hack GD, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Low-Shrinkage Resin Matrices in Restorative Dentistry-Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2951. [PMID: 35454643 PMCID: PMC9029384 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based resin composites restorations have become widely-used intraoral materials in daily dental practice. The increasing use of composites has greatly enhanced modern preventive and conservative dentistry. They have many superior features, especially esthetic properties, bondability, and elimination of mercury and galvanic currents. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to polymerization shrinkage and stresses that lead to microleakage, biofilm formation, secondary caries, and restoration loss. Several techniques have been investigated to minimize the side effects of these shrinkage stresses. The primary approach is through fabrications and modification of the resin matrices. Therefore, this review article focuses on the methods for testing the shrinkage, as well as formulations of resinous matrices available to reduce polymerization shrinkage and its associated stress. Furthermore, this article reviews recent cutting-edge developments on bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of cariogenic pathogens and enhance the remineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal G. Albeshir
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Albluwi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Gary D. Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Shi X, Ge Q, Lu H, Yu K. The nonequilibrium behaviors of covalent adaptable network polymers during the topology transition. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2104-2119. [PMID: 33439193 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers with bond exchange reactions (BERs) are a class of covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers at the forefront of recent polymer research. They exhibit malleable and self-healable behaviors and combine the advantages of easy processability of thermoplastics and excellent mechanical properties of thermosets. For thermally sensitive vitrimers, a molecular topology melting/frozen transition is triggered when the BERs are activated to rearrange the network architecture. Notable volume expansion and stress relaxation are accompanied, which can be used to identify the BER activation temperature and rate as well as to determine the malleability and interfacial welding kinetics of vitrimers. Existing works on vitrimers reveal the rate-dependent behaviors of the nonequilibrium network during the topology transition. However, it remains unclear what the quantitative relationship with heating rate is, and how it will affect the macroscopic stress relaxation. In this paper, we study the responses of an epoxy-based vitrimer subjected to a change in temperature and mechanical loading during the topology transition. Using thermal expansion tests, the thermal strain evolution is shown to depend on the temperature-changing rate, which reveals the nonequilibrium states with rate-dependent structural relaxation. The influences of structural relaxation on the stress relaxation behaviors are examined in both uniaxial tension and compression modes. Assisted by a theoretical model, the study reveals how to tune the material and thermal-temporal conditions to promote the contribution of BERs during the reprocessing of vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA. and National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibao Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
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4
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Sowan N, Lu Y, Kolb KJ, Cox LM, Long R, Bowman CN. Enhancing the toughness of composites via dynamic thiol–thioester exchange (TTE) at the resin–filler interface. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An adaptive interface employing thiol-thioester exchange (TTE) at the resin-filler interface is introduced to promote interfacial stress relaxation and improve the mechanical performance of thermosetting composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sowan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Yinan Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Kevin J. Kolb
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Lewis M. Cox
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Montana State University
- Bozeman
- USA
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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5
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Sowan N, Dobson A, Podgorski M, Bowman CN. Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) in dental restorative materials: Implementation of a DCC-based adaptive interface (AI) at the resin-filler interface for improved performance. Dent Mater 2019; 36:53-59. [PMID: 31810600 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental restorative composites have been extensively studied with a goal to improve material performance. However, stress induced microcracks from polymerization shrinkage, thermal and other stresses along with the low fracture toughness of methacrylate-based composites remain significant problems. Herein, the study focuses on applying a dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC)-based adaptive interface to conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA (70:30) dental resins by coupling moieties capable of thiol-thioester (TTE) DCC to the resin-filler interface as a means to induce interfacial stress relaxation and promote interfacial healing. METHODS Silica nanoparticles (SNP) are functionalized with TTE-functionalized silanes to covalently bond the interface to the network while simultaneously facilitating relaxation of the filler-matrix interface via DCC. The functionalized particles were incorporated into the otherwise static conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA (70:30) dental resins. The role of interfacial bond exchange to enhance dental composite performance in response to shrinkage and other stresses, flexural modulus and toughness was investigated. Shrinkage stress was monitored with a tensometer coupled with FTIR spectroscopy. Flexural modulus/strength and flexural toughness were characterized in three-point bending on a universal testing machine. RESULTS A reduction of 30% in shrinkage stress was achieved when interfacial TTE bond exchange was activated while not only maintaining but also enhancing mechanical properties of the composite. These enhancements include a 60% increase in Young's modulus, 33% increase in flexural strength and 35% increase in the toughness, relative to composites unable to undergo DCC but otherwise identical in composition. Furthermore, by combining interfacial DCC with resin-based DCC, an 80% reduction of shrinkage-induced stress is observed in a thiol-ene system "equipped" with both types of DCC mechanisms relative to the composite without DCC in either the resin or at the resin-filler interface. SIGNIFICANCE This behavior highlights the advantages of utilizing the DCC at the resin-filler interface as a stress-relieving mechanism that is compatible with current and future developments in the field of dental restorative materials, nearly independent of the type of resin improvements and types that will be used, as it can dramatically enhance their mechanical performance by reducing both polymerization and mechanically applied stresses throughout the composite lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sowan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
| | - Adam Dobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
| | - Maciej Podgorski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curia-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA.
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Abstract
Thiol-yne click polymerization (TYCP) is one of the most significant synthetic techniques for artificial polymers, due to its simplicity, efficiency, and functionality tolerance. In nature, it is a classic nucleophilic addition reaction and a step-growth polymerization, which can be initiated or accelerated in the presence of free-radicals, amines, and transition metals, respectively. Its rate is greatly influenced by the structures (i.e., their electrophilicity and steric hindrance) of the used thiols and/or alkynes. With aliphatic monomers being used as feeding materials, the topological architectures (such as linear, branching, and cross-linked network, etc.) and available functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and epoxy groups, and so on) can be facilely tailored via altering the chemical structure and feeding order. In contrast, for aromatic monomers, mono-addition occurs only during the process of thiol-yne click reaction, leading exclusively to linear poly(vinyl thioether)s. These sulfur-containing polymers synthesized by TYCP are promising to be widely utilized as high refractive index materials, photovoltaic materials, drug-delivery vehicles, biomaterials, and hybrid materials, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Zheng
- Zhejiang University, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
- Yantai University, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 30 Qingquan Road 264005 Yantai P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Zhejiang University, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
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Griebel JJ, Glass RS, Char K, Pyun J. Polymerizations with elemental sulfur: A novel route to high sulfur content polymers for sustainability, energy and defense. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ligon-Auer SC, Schwentenwein M, Gorsche C, Stampfl J, Liska R. Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: a review. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys relevant scientific papers and patents on the development of crosslinked epoxies and also photo-curable polymers based on multifunctional acrylates with improved toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon-Auer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | | | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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Gorsche C, Koch T, Moszner N, Liska R. Exploring the benefits of β-allyl sulfones for more homogeneous dimethacrylate photopolymer networks. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difunctional β-allyl sulfones (DAS) are potent AFCT reagents for dimethacrylate photopolymer networks. Resultant materials show reduced shrinkage stress, higher storage modulus, and increased toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1040 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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10
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Boyd DA, Bezares FJ, Pacardo DB, Ukaegbu M, Hosten C, Ligler FS. Small-molecule detection in thiol-yne nanocomposites via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12315-20. [PMID: 25383912 DOI: 10.1021/ac503607b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is generally performed on planar surfaces, which can be difficult to prepare and may limit the interaction of the sensing surface with targets in large volume samples. We propose that nanocomposite materials can be configured that both include SERS probes and provide a high surface area-to-volume format, i.e., fibers. Thiol-yne nanocomposite films and fibers were fabricated using exposure to long-wave ultraviolet light after the inclusion of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with thiophenol. A SERS response was observed that was proportional to the aggregation of the AuNPs within the polymers and the amount of thiophenol present. Overall, this proof-of-concept fabrication of SERS active polymers indicated that thiol-yne nanocomposites may be useful as durable film or fiber SERS probes. Properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated using various techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, μ-Raman spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Boyd
- Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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Sato E, Uehara I, Horibe H, Matsumoto A. One-Step Synthesis of Thermally Curable Hyperbranched Polymers by Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Using Divinyl Monomers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402300z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Sato
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Izumi Uehara
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hideo Horibe
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho,
Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dénès
- Laboratoire CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 - UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 - 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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13
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Pötzsch R, Komber H, Stahl BC, Hawker CJ, Voit BI. Radical Thiol-yne Chemistry on Diphenylacetylene: Selective and Quantitative Addition Enabling the Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(vinyl sulfide)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1772-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pötzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Brian C. Stahl
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106-2150 USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106-2150 USA
| | - Brigitte I. Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers; 01062 Dresden Germany
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Tehfe MA, Mondal S, Nechab M, Dumur F, Bertrand MP, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. New Thiols for Photoinitiator-Free Thiol-Acrylate Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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