Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(phenylacetylene)s Containing Pendant Alkyne Groups by One-Pot Pd-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Phenylacetylene with Diynes

The Polymers of Diethynylarenes-Is Selective Polymerization at One Acetylene Bond Possible? A Review

In this review, all available publications on the polymerization of all isomers of bifunctional diethynylarenes due to the opening of C≡C bonds were considered and analyzed. It has been shown that with the use of polymers of diethynylbenzene, heat-resistant and ablative materials, catalysts, sorbents, humidity sensors, and other materials can be obtained. Various catalytic systems and conditions of polymer synthesis are considered. For the convenience of comparison, the publications considered are grouped according to common features, including the types of initiating systems. Critical consideration is given to the features of the intramolecular structure of the synthesized polymers since it determines the entire complex of properties of this material and subsequent materials. Branched and/or insoluble polymers are formed as a result of solid-phase and liquid-phase homopolymerization. It is shown that the synthesis of a completely linear polymer was carried out for the first time by anionic polymerization. The review considers in sufficient detail publications from hard-to-reach sources, as well as publications that required a more thorough critical examination. The review does not consider the polymerization of diethynylarenes with substituted aromatic rings because of their steric restrictions; the diethynylarenes copolymers with complex intramolecular structure; and diethynylarenes polymers obtained by oxidative polycondensation.

Macromolecular Polyethynylbenzonitrile Precursor-Based Porous Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Superior High-Rate High-Energy Supercapacitors

Porous covalent triazine framework (CTF)-based carbon materials have gained increasing attention in energy-storage applications because of their tunable structure, high chemical stability, and rich heteroatom contents. However, CTFs have thus far been exclusively synthesized from small-molecular precursors and generally show unsatisfactory supercapacitive performance. We report herein the construction of a novel range of CTFs of significantly improved supercapacitive performance from polyethynylbenzonitrile (PEBN) as a unique macromolecular precursor for the first time by ionothermal synthesis. CTF-800 synthesized at the optimized condition (800 °C; ZnCl₂/PEBN mass ratio of 3:1) shows a nanosheet-like morphology with a high yield (∼90%), high nitrogen content (>5.8%), high specific surface area (1954 m² g^-1), and optimized micropore to meso/macropore surface area ratio (42:58). As the electrode material for supercapacitor application, CTF-800 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 628 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1, high-rate performance (71% of capacitance retention at 50 A g^-1), and excellent cyclic stability (96% of capacitance retention over 20 000 cycles) in a three-electrode system with aqueous 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. Symmetric supercapacitor devices have been further fabricated with CTF-800 in aqueous 1 M H₂SO₄, [EMIM][BF₄], and LiPF₆ electrolytes separately. The device with the aqueous electrolyte shows the highest capacitance of 448 F g^-1 (at 0.5 A g^-1) and a high energy density of 15.5 W h kg^-1. The devices with [EMIM][BF₄] and LiPF₆ electrolytes exhibit exceptional energy densities of 70 and 78 W h kg^-1, respectively, and retain energy densities of 41 and 45 W h kg^-1, respectively, even at the high power density of 15 000 W kg^-1, confirming their high-rate high-energy performance. Meanwhile, the device with [EMIM][BF₄] electrolyte has also been demonstrated to operate well at various temperatures ranging from -20 to 60 °C with remarkable energy-storage performance.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethene–ketone–arylene–ketone)s containing pendant methylthio groups via metal-free catalyzed copolymerization of aryldiynes with DMSO

A metal-free copolymerization of aryldiynes with DMSO as a monomer gave polyeneketones in good yields and high molecular weight.

Reactive Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Modification, and Electrochemical Properties of Polypentafluorophenylacetylene (Co)Polymers

(Co)Polymers containing pentafluorophenylacetylene (F₅ PA) have been prepared for the first time mediated by [Rh(nbd)Cl]₂ /NEt₃ to give materials with properties typical of poly(phenylacetylene)s prepared with this catalyst/co-catalyst combination. It is demonstrated that the F₅ PA repeat units in these new (co)polymers serve as convenient reactive species for post-polymerization modification with thiols via para-fluoro aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions to give an entirely new family of novel thioether-functional polyene materials accompanied by absorption maxima shifts of up to 130 nm. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these new fluorinated polyene materials are briefly examined and the distinct difference in behavior of the F₅ PA homopolymer versus polyphenylacetylene, copolymers, and functional derivatives is highlighted.

Hyperbranched polymers: advances from synthesis to applications

This review summarizes the advances in hyperbranched polymers from the viewpoint of structure, click synthesis and functionalization towards their applications in the last decade.