1
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Elgiddawy N, Elnagar N, Korri-Youssoufi H, Yassar A. π-Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles from Design, Synthesis to Biomedical Applications: Sensing, Imaging, and Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2006. [PMID: 37630566 PMCID: PMC10459335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, π-conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have been considered as promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications, and are widely used as probe materials for bioimaging and drug delivery. Due to their distinctive photophysical and physicochemical characteristics, good compatibility, and ease of functionalization, CPNs are gaining popularity and being used in more and more cutting-edge biomedical sectors. Common synthetic techniques can be used to synthesize CPNs with adjustable particle size and dispersion. More importantly, the recent development of CPNs for sensing and imaging applications has rendered them as a promising device for use in healthcare. This review provides a synopsis of the preparation and functionalization of CPNs and summarizes the recent advancements of CPNs for biomedical applications. In particular, we discuss their major role in bioimaging, therapeutics, fluorescence, and electrochemical sensing. As a conclusion, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives of biomedical applications of CPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elgiddawy
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62 511, Egypt
| | - Noha Elnagar
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62 511, Egypt
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
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2
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Berl AJ, Sklar JH, Yun YJ, Kalow JA. Side-Chain Engineering in Hydrophilic n-Type π-Conjugated Polymers for Enhanced Reactivity. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:503-509. [PMID: 37011181 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Minor changes to side chains in conjugated polymers (CPs) can have pronounced effects on polymer properties by altering backbone planarity, solubility, and interaction with ions. Here, we report the photocontrolled synthesis of hydrophilic CPs from Grignard monomers and find that switching from alkyl to oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains changes their photoreactivity. Specifically, installing hydrophilic side chains on the same monomer core yields higher molecular weight polymers and allows polymerization to proceed with lower-energy red light. Additionally, we discover a side chain decomposition pathway for N-OEG monomers, which are prevalent in CP research. Decomposition can be overcome by adding an extra methylene unit in the side chains without compromising polymer molecular weight or hydrophilicity. Importantly, this polymerization does not require transition metal catalysts and is a promising approach to the preparation of n-type conjugated block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Berl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan H Sklar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Kim P, Kim EY, Han SG, Lee J, Kang S, Park C, Cho K, Moon HC, Kim JK. Enhanced Vertical Hole Mobility through End-on Chain Orientation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based Diblock Copolymers by Microphase Separation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philgon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-Level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-Level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-Level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Kang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-Level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaneui Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-Level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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4
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MacFarlane LR, Li X, Faul CFJ, Manners I. Efficient and Controlled Seeded Growth of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Block Copolymer Nanofibers through Suppression of Homogeneous Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam R. MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victorias, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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5
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Ailiesei GL, Ursu EL, Göen Colak D, Cianga I. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) End-Group Functionalized Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL): Self-Assembly in Organic Solvents and Its Coincidentally Observed Peculiar Behavior in Thin Film and Protonated Media. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2720. [PMID: 34451259 PMCID: PMC8400159 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
End-group functionalization of homopolymers is a valuable way to produce high-fidelity nanostructured and functional soft materials when the structures obtained have the capacity for self-assembly (SA) encoded in their structural details. Herein, an end-functionalized PCL with a π-conjugated EDOT moiety, (EDOT-PCL), designed exclusively from hydrophobic domains, as a functional "hydrophobic amphiphile", was synthesized in the bulk ROP of ε-caprolactone. The experimental results obtained by spectroscopic methods, including NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence, using DLS and by AFM, confirm that in solvents with extremely different polarities (chloroform and acetonitrile), EDOT-PCL presents an interaction- and structure-based bias, which is strong and selective enough to exert control over supramolecular packing, both in dispersions and in the film state. This leads to the diversity of SA structures, including spheroidal, straight, and helical rods, as well as orthorhombic single crystals, with solvent-dependent shapes and sizes, confirming that EDOT-PCL behaves as a "block-molecule". According to the results from AFM imaging, an unexpected transformation of micelle-type nanostructures into single 2D lamellar crystals, through breakout crystallization, took place by simple acetonitrile evaporation during the formation of the film on the mica support at room temperature. Moreover, EDOT-PCL's propensity for spontaneous oxidant-free oligomerization in acidic media was proposed as a presumptive answer for the unexpected appearance of blue color during its dissolution in CDCl3 at a high concentration. FT-IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence techniques were used to support this claim. Besides being intriguing and unforeseen, the experimental findings concerning EDOT-PCL have raised new and interesting questions that deserve to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Luminita Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Demet Göen Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
| | - Ioan Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
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6
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Elgiddawy N, Ren S, Yassar A, Louis-Joseph A, Sauriat-Dorizon H, El Rouby WMA, El-Gendy AO, Farghali AA, Korri-Youssoufi H. Dispersible Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as Biointerface Materials for Label-Free Bacteria Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39979-39990. [PMID: 32805819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient identification of bacterial pathogens in water and biological fluids is an important issue in medical, food safety, and public health concerns that requires low-cost and efficient sensing strategies. Impedimetric sensors are promising tools for monitoring bacteria detection because of their reliability and ease-of-use. We herein report a study on new biointerface-based amphiphilic poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(3-triethylene-glycol-thiophene), P3HT-b-P3TEGT, for label-free impedimetric detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). This biointerface is fabricated by the self-assembly of P3HT-b-P3TEGT into core-shell nanoparticles, which was further decorated with mannose, leading to an easy-to-use solution-processable nanoparticle material for biosensing. The hydrophilic block P3TEGT promotes antifouling and prevents nonspecific interactions, while improving the ionic and electronic transport properties, thus enhancing the electrochemical-sensing capability in aqueous solution. Self-assembly and micelle formation of P3HT-b-P3TEGT were analyzed by 2D-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, contact angle, and microscopy characterizations. Detection of E. coli was characterized and evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The sensing layer based on the mannose-functionalized P3HT-b-P3TEGT nanoparticles demonstrates targeting ability toward E. coli pili protein with a detection range from 103 to 107 cfu/mL, and its selectivity was studied with Gram(+) bacteria. Application to real samples was performed by detection of bacteria in tap and the Nile water. The approach developed here shows that water/alcohol-processable-functionalized conjugated polymer nanoparticles are suitable for use as electrode materials, which have potential application in fabrication of a low-cost, label-free impedimetric biosensor for the detection of bacteria in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elgiddawy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shiwei Ren
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alain Louis-Joseph
- PMC, CNRS, UMR 7643, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Hélène Sauriat-Dorizon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Waleed M A El Rouby
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
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7
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Lutz JP, Hannigan MD, McNeil AJ. Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Son SY, Kim JH, Song E, Choi K, Lee J, Cho K, Kim TS, Park T. Exploiting π–π Stacking for Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yun Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Joohyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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9
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Vitek AK, Leone AK, McNeil AJ, Zimmerman PM. Spin-Switching Transmetalation at Ni Diimine Catalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Vitek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Ahn SK, Nam J, Zhu J, Lee E, Michael Kilbey S. Solution self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene)–poly(lactide) brush copolymers: impact of side chain arrangement. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00627j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solution self-assembly of P3HT-containing copolymers was tailored effectively via bottlebrush architecture, particularly by tuning its side chain arrangement as well as copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Nam
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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11
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Lee D, Sin DH, Kim SW, Lee H, Byun HR, Mun J, Sung W, Kang B, Kim DG, Ko H, Song SW, Jeong MS, Rho J, Cho K. Singlet Exciton Delocalization in Gold Nanoparticle-Tethered Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers with Enhanced Intrachain Ordering. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongki Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Sin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Hansol Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Jungho Mun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Woong Sung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dae Gun Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Ko
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Won Song
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Junsuk Rho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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12
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Verheyen L, Leysen P, Van Den Eede MP, Ceunen W, Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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14
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Leone AK, McNeil AJ. Matchmaking in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation: Optimizing Catalysts based on Mechanistic Insight. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2822-2831. [PMID: 27936580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP) has emerged as a useful living, chain-growth polymerization method for synthesizing conjugated (hetero)arene-based polymers with targetable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, and controllable copolymer sequences-all properties that significantly influence their performance in devices. Over the past decade, several phosphine- and carbene-ligated Ni- and Pd-based precatalysts have been shown to be effective in CTP. One current limitation is that these traditional CTP catalysts lead to nonliving, non-chain-growth behavior when complex monomer scaffolds are utilized. Because these monomers are often found in the highest-performing materials, there is a significant need to identify alternative CTP catalysts. Recent mechanistic insight into CTP has laid the foundation for designing new catalysts to expand the CTP monomer scope. Building off this insight, we have designed and implemented model systems to identify effective catalysts by understanding their underlying mechanistic behaviors and systematically modifying catalyst structures to improve their chain-growth behavior. In this Account, we describe how each catalyst parameter-the ancillary ligand(s), reactive ligand(s), and transition metal-influences CTP. As an example, ancillary ligands often dictate the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, and perhaps more importantly, they can be used to promote the formation of the key intermediate (a metal-arene associative complex) and its subsequent reactivity. The fidelity of this intermediate is central to the mechanism for the living, chain-growth polymerization. Reactive ligands, on the other hand, can be used to improve catalyst solubility and accelerate initiation. Additional advantages of the reactive ligand include providing access points for postpolymerization modification and synthesizing polymers directly off surfaces. While the most frequently used CTP catalysts contain nickel, palladium-based catalysts exhibit a higher functional group tolerance and broader substrate scope (e.g., monomers with boron, magnesium, tin, and gold transmetalating agents). Overall, we anticipate that applying the tools and lessons detailed in this Account to other monomers should facilitate a better "matchmaking" process that will lead to new catalyst-transfer polycondensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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15
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Son SY, Kim Y, Lee J, Lee GY, Park WT, Noh YY, Park CE, Park T. High-Field-Effect Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Conjugated Polymers with Localized Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8096-103. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Y. Son
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Yebyeol Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Junwoo Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Gang-Young Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Park
- Department
of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro
1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department
of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro
1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Chan E. Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
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16
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Jiao HF, Wang X, Yao K, Chen P, Jia Z, Peng Z, Li F. Self-assembly of all-conjugated block copolymer nanoparticles with tailoring size and fluorescence for live cell imaging. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7882-7887. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe aqueous nanoassemblies of rod–rod diblock polythiophene into core–shell nanospheres. Benefitting from their good photostability and low cytotoxicity, the nanoparticles meet the crucial requirements for cellular imaging and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Jiao
- Institute of Life Science
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Life Science
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
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17
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Monnaie F, Van Den Eede MP, Koeckelberghs G. Expression of Chirality in a Conjugated Polymer without Any Excess of Chiral Centers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Monnaie
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Van Den Eede
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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18
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Song IY, Kim M, Park T. Effect of ion-chelating chain lengths in thiophene-based monomers on in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization and photovoltaic performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11482-11489. [PMID: 25977990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized thiophene-based monomers (bis-EDOTs) with different ethylene glycol oligomer (EGO) lengths (TBO3, TBO4, and TBO5) and investigated their polymerization characteristics during photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) at the surfaces of dye (D205)-sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline particles. During the PEP reaction, monomers were expected to diffuse toward neighboring dyes through the growing polymer layers to enable continuous chain growth. We found that the less bulky monomer (TBO3) formed a more compact polymer layer with a high molecular weight. Its diffusion to the active sites through the resulting growing polymer layer was, therefore, limited. We deployed layers of the polymers (PTBO3, PTBO4, and PTBO5) in iodine-free solid-state hybrid solar cells to investigate the lithium ion chelating properties of the polymers as a function of the number of oxygen atoms present in the EGOs. PTBO4 and PTBO5 were capable of chelating lithium ions, yielding a photovoltaic performance that was 142% of the performance obtained without the polymer layers (3.0→5.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
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19
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Sun L, Liang Z, Yu J. Octavinylsilsesquioxane-based luminescent nanoporous inorganic–organic hybrid polymers constructed by the Heck coupling reaction. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01284d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A class of luminescent nanoporous inorganic–organic hybrid polymers has been synthesized by the Heck coupling of octavinylsilsesquioxane with aromatic bromide monomers. The resulting materials exhibit porous and luminescent features, and show picric acid sensing behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Sun
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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20
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Willot P, Moerman D, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Baeten Y, Van der Auweraer M, Koeckelberghs G. One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of All-Conjugated Poly(3-alkylthiophene)-block-poly(dialkylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Moerman
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
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21
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22
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Im MJ, Moon BJ, Lee GY, Son SY, Park T. Positioning lithium ions by host-guest chemistry combined with self-assembly using a thiophene-based all-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; San31, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea
| | - Byung Joon Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; San31, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea
| | - Gang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; San31, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea
| | - Sung Yun Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; San31, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; San31, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea
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23
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Xia H, Ye Z, Liu X, Peng J, Qiu F. Synthesis, characterization, and solution structure of all-conjugated polyelectrolyte diblock copoly(3-hexylthiophene)s. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Sun L, Zou Y, Liang Z, Yu J, Xu R. A one-pot synthetic strategy via tandem Suzuki–Heck reactions for the construction of luminescent microporous organic polymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00980g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Willot P, Govaerts S, Koeckelberghs G. The Controlled Polymerization of Poly(cyclopentadithiophene)s and Their All-Conjugated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Willot
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaerts
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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26
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Liu Y, Wang GJ, Wu YJ. Amphiphilicity and self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted with polystyrene in different molecular weight. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Lee SR, Bloom JWG, Wheeler SE, McNeil AJ. Accelerating Ni(ii) precatalyst initiation using reactive ligands and its impact on chain-growth polymerizations. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4218-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Palermo EF, van der Laan HL, McNeil AJ. Impact of π-conjugated gradient sequence copolymers on polymer blend morphology. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Shi Y, Li F, Chen Y. Controlling morphology and improving the photovoltaic performances of P3HT/ZnO hybrid solar cells via P3HT-b-PEO as an interfacial compatibilizer. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Wu ZQ, Liu DF, Wang Y, Liu N, Yin J, Zhu YY, Qiu LZ, Ding YS. One pot synthesis of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl) rod–rod diblock copolymer and its tunable light emission properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Willot P, Steverlynck J, Moerman D, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Koeckelberghs G. Poly(3-alkylthiophene) with tuneable regioregularity: synthesis and self-assembling properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Verswyvel M, Goossens K, Koeckelberghs G. Amphiphilic chiral block-poly(thiophene)s: tuning the blocks. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Bendrea AD, Fabregat G, Cianga L, Estrany F, del Valle LJ, Cianga I, Alemán C. Hybrid materials consisting of an all-conjugated polythiophene backbone and grafted hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Bryan ZJ, McNeil AJ. Evidence for a preferential intramolecular oxidative addition in Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and their impact on chain-growth polymerizations. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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