1
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Kawaguchi D, Sasahara K, Inutsuka M, Abe T, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Absolute local conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains adsorbed on a quartz surface. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244902. [PMID: 38146829 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer chains at a buried interface with an inorganic solid play a critical role in the performance of polymer nanocomposites and adhesives. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with a sub-nanometer depth resolution provides valuable information regarding the orientation angle of functional groups at interfaces. However, in the case of conventional SFG, since the signal intensity is proportional to the square of the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and thereby loses phase information, it cannot be unambiguously determined whether the functional groups face upward or downward. This problem can be solved by phase-sensitive SFG (ps-SFG). We here applied ps-SFG to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains in direct contact with a quartz surface, shedding light on the local conformation of chains adsorbed onto the solid surface. The measurements made it possible to determine the absolute orientation of the ester methyl groups of PMMA, which were oriented toward the quartz interface. Combining ps-SFG with all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, the distribution of the local conformation and the driving force are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Manabu Inutsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Sgouros AP, Revelas CJ, Lakkas AT, Theodorou DN. Solvation Free Energy of Dilute Grafted (Nano)Particles in Polymer Melts via the Self-Consistent Field Theory. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7454-7474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos J. Revelas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos T. Lakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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3
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Tabedzki C, Krook NM, Murray CB, Composto RJ, Riggleman RA. Effect of Graft Length and Matrix Molecular Weight on String Assembly of Aligned Nanoplates in a Lamellar Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tabedzki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nadia M. Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Lee MS, Alexander-Katz A, Macfarlane RJ. Nanoparticle Assembly in High Polymer Concentration Solutions Increases Superlattice Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102107. [PMID: 34319651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are made by combining a nanoscale filler with a polymer matrix, where polymer-particle interactions can enhance matrix properties and introduce behaviors distinct from either component. Manipulating particle organization within a composite potentially allows for better control over polymer-particle interactions, and the formation of ordered arrays can introduce new, emergent properties not observed in random composites. However, self-assembly of ordered particle arrays typically requires weak interparticle interactions to prevent kinetic traps, making these assemblies incompatible with most conventional processing techniques. As a result, more fundamental investigations are needed into methods to provide additional stability to these lattices without disrupting their internal organization. The authors show that the addition of free polymer chains to the assembly solution is a simple means to increase the stability of nanoparticle superlattices against thermal dissociation. By adding high concentrations (>50 mg mL-1 ) of free polymer to nanoparticle superlattices, it is possible to significantly elevate their thermal stability without adversely affecting ordering. Moreover, polymer topology, molecular weight, and concentration can also be used as independent design handles to tune this behavior. Collectively, this work allows for a wider range of processing conditions for generating future nanocomposites with complete control over particle organization within the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Lee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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5
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Krook NM, Tabedzki C, Elbert KC, Yager KG, Murray CB, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Experiments and Simulations Probing Local Domain Bulge and String Assembly of Aligned Nanoplates in a Lamellar Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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6
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Lindsay BJ, Composto RJ, Riggleman RA. Equilibrium Field Theoretic Study of Nanoparticle Interactions in Diblock Copolymer Melts. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9466-9480. [PMID: 31589049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymer matrices are often used to control nanoparticle (NP) dispersion behavior, but the effects of diblock domain interfaces on particle-particle interactions have not been well characterized. In this paper, polymer field theoretic simulations are used to quantify interactions between both bare and grafted spherical NPs in microphase-separated A-B diblock copolymers. It is shown that for bare NPs that have an athermal interaction with and a diameter similar to the B domain, the presence of an A-B interface leads to an effective interaction between the particles with multiple minima separated by a free energy barrier. It is further shown that these effects primarily result from chain stretching and compression near the A-B interface induced by particle-particle interactions as opposed to increases in A-B contact at the interfaces. Grafted chains largely prevent these effects and reduce particle-particle interaction strength. When confined by diblock domain interfaces, grafted chains have a reduced extension compared to what is expected for de-wetted brush chains, as commonly described in homopolymer results. Finally, these studies indicate a new route toward linking spherical NPs in a controlled fashion, allowing for tunable plasmonic properties in the case of metallic NPs.
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7
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Kulshreshtha A, Modica KJ, Jayaraman A. Impact of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on Graft–Matrix Wetting and Structure in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjita Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy
Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kevin J. Modica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy
Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy
Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 Dupont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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8
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Medidhi KR, Padmanabhan V. Diffusion of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in a homopolymer matrix. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koteswara Rao Medidhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - Venkat Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
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9
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Lin CC, Griffin PJ, Chao H, Hore MJA, Ohno K, Clarke N, Riggleman RA, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Grafted polymer chains suppress nanoparticle diffusion in athermal polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:203332. [PMID: 28571331 DOI: 10.1063/1.4982216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We measure the center-of-mass diffusion of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted nanoparticles (NPs) in unentangled to slightly entangled PMMA melts using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. These grafted NPs diffuse ∼100 times slower than predicted by the Stokes-Einstein relation assuming a viscosity equal to bulk PMMA and a hydrodynamic NP size equal to the NP core diameter, 2Rcore = 4.3 nm. This slow NP diffusion is consistent with an increased effective NP size, 2Reff ≈ 20 nm, nominally independent of the range of grafting density and matrix molecular weights explored in this study. Comparing these experimental results to a modified Daoud-Cotton scaling estimate for the brush thickness as well as dynamic mean field simulations of polymer-grafted NPs in athermal polymer melts, we find that 2Reff is in quantitative agreement with the size of the NP core plus the extended grafted chains. Our results suggest that grafted polymer chains of moderate molecular weight and grafting density may alter the NP diffusion mechanism in polymer melts, primarily by increasing the NP effective size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Philip J Griffin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Huikuan Chao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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10
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Motamedi P, Bagheri R. Crystallization and polymorphism in polypropylene/polyamide 6/layered silicate ternary nanocomposites. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Motamedi
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehran Iran
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research CouncilEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehran Iran
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11
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Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin Y, Qian X, Liu L, Liu J, Ganesan V. Design of End-to-End Assembly of Side-Grafted Nanorods in a Homopolymer Matrix. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yangfu Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Zhou Y, Huang M, Lu T, Guo H. Nanorods with Different Surface Properties in Directing the Compatibilization Behavior and the Morphological Transition of Immiscible Polymer Blends in Both Shear and Shear-Free Conditions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manxia Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Koski JP, Ferrier RC, Krook NM, Chao H, Composto RJ, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Comparison of Field-Theoretic Approaches in Predicting Polymer Nanocomposite Phase Behavior. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Koski
- Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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14
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Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Shen J, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Lyulin AV. Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Chains To Promote the Dispersion of Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9311-9318. [PMID: 28892620 PMCID: PMC5632811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we adopt molecular dynamics simulations to study the amphiphilic AB block copolymer (BCP) mediated nanoparticle (NP) dispersion in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), with the A-block being compatible with the NPs and the B-block being miscible with the polymer matrix. The effects of the number and components of BCP, as well as the interaction strength between A-block and NPs on the spatial organization of NPs, are explored. We find that the increase of the fraction of the A-block brings different dispersion effect to NPs than that of B-block. We also find that the best dispersion state of the NPs occurs in the case of a moderate interaction strength between the A-block and the NPs. Meanwhile, the stress-strain behavior is probed. Our simulation results verify that adopting BCP is an effective way to adjust the dispersion of NPs in the polymer matrix, further to manipulate the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for
Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green
Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education,
Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing
City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department
of Applied Physics Technische Universiteit
Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Koski JP, Riggleman RA. Field-theoretic simulations of block copolymer nanocomposites in a constant interfacial tension ensemble. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Koski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA
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16
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Teng CY, Sheng YJ, Tsao HK. Surface Segregation and Bulk Aggregation in an Athermal Thin Film of Polymer-Nanoparticle Blends: Strategies of Controlling Phase Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2639-2645. [PMID: 28221802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior of an athermal film of a polymer-nanoparticle blend (PNB) driven by depletion attraction is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics for nanospheres and nanocubes. Surface segregation is observed at low nanoparticle concentrations, while bulk aggregation is seen at high concentrations. Surface excess and the aggregation number can be controlled by tuning the nanoparticle concentration. As surface-roughened or polymer-grafted nanoparticles are used, uniform PNBs are acquired due to the lack of depletion. Thus, addition of surface-roughened nanoparticles into PNBs of smooth nanoparticles can be employed to tune the phase characteristics. It is found that bulk aggregation is suppressed for both polymer-nanosphere and polymer-nanocube blends. However, surface segregation is impeded for polymer-nanosphere blend but enhanced for polymer-nanocube blend owing to the distinct influence of the nanoparticle shape on depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Teng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jane Sheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Department of Physics, National Central University , Jhongli 320, Taiwan
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17
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Boyne DA, Savage AM, Griep MH, Beyer FL, Orlicki JA. Process induced alignment of gold nano-rods (GNRs) in thermoplastic polymer composites with tailored optical properties. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Shen J, Li X, Shen X, Liu J. Insight into the Dispersion Mechanism of Polymer-Grafted Nanorods in Polymer Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- College
of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department
of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- College
of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel
Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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19
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Martin TB, Jayaraman A. Using Theory and Simulations To Calculate Effective Interactions in Polymer Nanocomposites with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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20
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Mangal R, Nath P, Tikekar M, Archer LA. Enthalpy-Driven Stabilization of Dispersions of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in High-Molecular-Weight Polymer Melts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10621-10631. [PMID: 27650041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phase stability of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) composed of polymer-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) blended with high-molar-mass host polymer chains is investigated. We focus on blends in which the particle-grafted polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the host-atactic poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or PMMA/oligo-PEG blends-exhibit favorable enthalpic interactions. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements are used to evaluate the phase stability of the blends and to report on the structure of the materials at intermediate and long length scales. By exploring SiO2-PEG/PMMA and SiO2-PEG/PMMA-PEG systems covering a wide range of molecular weights (Mw) of PMMA (1.1 kDa ≤ Mw,PMMA ≤ 1.1 × 103 kDa) and tethered PEG (0.5 kDa ≤ Mw, PEG ≤ 2 kDa), we are able to develop a comprehensive stability map for PNCs based on hairy NPs. At low Mw,PEG, the phase behavior is dominated by entropic effects and the negative Flory-Huggins χ parameter between PEG and PMMA plays no role in phase stability. For higher Mw,PEO and intermediate Mw,PMMA, a crossover from entropy- to enthalpy-dominated behavior is observed, which leads to the phase stability in PNCs well beyond the conventional limits reported for SiO2-PEG/PEG mixtures. This enhanced mixing ceases above a critical Mw,PMMA, where it is found that PMMA chains wet a sufficiently large number of SiO2-PEG particles to bridge and thereby destabilize the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pooja Nath
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mukul Tikekar
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Emmabeth Parrish
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Ting
- Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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23
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Ferrier RC, Koski J, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Engineering the Assembly of Gold Nanorods in Polymer Matrices. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Ferrier
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason Koski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Koski J, Hagberg B, Riggleman RA. Attraction of Nanoparticles to Tilt Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Koski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brett Hagberg
- Materials Science and Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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25
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Xavier P, Rao P, Bose S. Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:47-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymer blends widened the possibility of creating materials with multilayered architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Xavier
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Praveen Rao
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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26
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Gao Y, Cao D, Liu J, Shen J, Wu Y, Zhang L. Molecular dynamics simulation of the conductivity mechanism of nanorod filled polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22959-68. [PMID: 26267833 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We adopted molecular dynamics simulation to study the conductive property of nanorod-filled polymer nanocomposites by focusing on the effects of the interfacial interaction, aspect ratio of the fillers, external shear field, filler-filler interaction and temperature. The variation of the percolation threshold is anti N-type with increasing interfacial interaction. It decreases with an increase in the aspect ratio. At an intermediate filler-filler interaction, a minimum percolation threshold appears. The percolation threshold decreases to a plateau with temperature. At low interfacial interaction, the effect of an external shear field on the homogeneous probability is negligible; however, the directional probability increases with shear rate. Moreover, the difference in conductivity probabilities is reduced for different interfacial interactions under shear. Under shear, the decrease or increase of conductivity probability depends on the initial dispersion state. However, the steady-state conductivity is independent of the initial state for different interfacial interactions. In particular, the evolution of the conductivity network structure under shear is investigated. In short, this study may provide rational tuning methods to obtain nanorod-filled polymer nanocomposites with high conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Khani S, Jamali S, Boromand A, Hore MJA, Maia J. Polymer-mediated nanorod self-assembly predicted by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6881-6892. [PMID: 26235000 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is an interesting and growing subject in the field of nanoscience and technology. We report herein on modelling studies of the self-assembly and phase behavior of nanorods in a homopolymer matrix, with the specific goal of evaluating the role of deterministic entropic and enthalpic factors that control the aggregation/dispersion in such systems. Grafting polymer brushes from the nanorods is one approach to control/impact their self-assembly capabilities within a polymer matrix. From an energetic point of view, miscible interactions between the brush and the matrix are required for achieving a better dispersibility; however, grafting density and brush length are the two important parameters in dictating the morphology. Unlike in previous computational studies, the present Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulation framework is able to both predict dispersion or aggregation of nanorods and determine the self-assembled structure, allowing for the determination of a phase diagram, which takes all of these factors into account. Three types of morphologies are predicted: dispersion, aggregation and partial aggregation. Moreover, favorable enthalpic interactions between the brush and the matrix are found to be essential for expanding the window for achieving a well-dispersed morphology. A three-dimensional phase diagram is mapped on which all the afore-mentioned parameters are taken into account. Additionally, in the case of immiscibility between brushes and the matrix, simulations predict the formation of some new and tunable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khani
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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28
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Feldman D. Polyblend Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Mangal R, Srivastava S, Archer LA. Phase stability and dynamics of entangled polymer-nanoparticle composites. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7198. [PMID: 26044723 PMCID: PMC4468852 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-polymer composites, or polymer-nanoparticle composites (PNCs), exhibit unusual mechanical and dynamical features when the particle size approaches the random coil dimensions of the host polymer. Here, we harness favourable enthalpic interactions between particle-tethered and free, host polymer chains to create model PNCs, in which spherical nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in high molecular weight entangled polymers. Investigation of the mechanical properties of these model PNCs reveals that the nanoparticles have profound effects on the host polymer motions on all timescales. On short timescales, nanoparticles slow-down local dynamics of the host polymer segments and lower the glass transition temperature. On intermediate timescales, where polymer chain motion is typically constrained by entanglements with surrounding molecules, nanoparticles provide additional constraints, which lead to an early onset of entangled polymer dynamics. Finally, on long timescales, nanoparticles produce an apparent speeding up of relaxation of their polymer host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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30
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Lin CC, Ohno K, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Macromolecular Diffusion through a Polymer Matrix with Polymer-Grafted Chained Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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31
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Near-infrared light-responsive shape-memory poly(ɛ-caprolactone) films that actuate in physiological temperature range. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Wang D, Hore MJA, Ye X, Zheng C, Murray CB, Composto RJ. Gold nanorod length controls dispersion, local ordering, and optical absorption in polymer nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3404-3413. [PMID: 24643463 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion, local orientation and optical absorption of polystyrene (PS, degree of polymerization P) nanocomposites containing PS-grafted gold nanorods (Au NRs, PS degree of polymerization N), with aspect ratios (ν = length/diameter) ranging from 2.5 to 6.3, are studied using quantitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical spectroscopy. The experimentally observed nanorod assemblies and optical absorptions are compared with predictions from self-consistent field theory (SCFT) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations, respectively. A pair correlation function for Au NRs is calculated from SEM images, and contains no correlation peaks for P/N = 0.9, indicating nanorods are dispersed within the nanocomposite. Large correlation peaks are observed for P/N = 7.6, representative of interparticle separation distances within nanorod aggregates, which do not vary with ν. On the basis of SCFT calculations, aggregation is attributed to significant depletion-attraction forces in the composite for P/N > 1. When Au NRs disperse, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak red shifts from the visible into the near-IR as ν increases. No shift in the dispersed LSPR position is observed for v = 2.5 and 3.3 upon aggregation because the ratio of the interparticle distance to the nanorod length is too large for surface plasmon coupling. However, for v = 6.3, significant coupling between surface plasmons leads to a blue shift of the LSPR by approximately 140 nm, in agreement with FDTD calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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Patra TK, Singh JK. Polymer directed aggregation and dispersion of anisotropic nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1823-1830. [PMID: 24652389 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and dispersion of two anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs), cubes and tetrahedrons, in a polymer matrix are studied in this work using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We present the phase diagrams of NP-polymer composites, depicting microscopically phase-separated, dispersed, and bridged cubes and tetrahedrons in a polymer matrix, which depend on the interaction between the NPs and polymer (εnp), along with the NPs' volume fraction (ϕ). The microscopic phase separation occurs at very low εnp, where NPs self-organize into multidimensional structures, depending on ϕ. In particular, for tetrahedrons, a cross-over from an ordered spherical aggregate to a disordered sheet-like aggregate is observed with increasing ϕ. In the case of cubes, a transition from cubic array → square column → square array (sheet) is identified with increasing ϕ. The clusters of NPs are characterized by their asphericity and principal radii of gyration. The free energy profile for a structured assembly is estimated, which clearly shows that the successful assembly of NPs is energetically favorable at a lower temperature. However, there exists an energy barrier for the successful assembly of all the NPs in the system. At intermediate εnp, a transition from a clustered state to a state comprising dispersed cubes and tetrahedrons in a polymer matrix is observed. At higher εnp, a further transition takes place, where gas-like dispersed NPs form a liquid-like aggregate via polymer layers. Therefore, the findings in this work illustrate that the effective interaction between anisotropic NPs in a polymer matrix is very diverse, which can generate multidimensional structured assemblies, with the disordered clustering, dispersion, and bridging-induced aggregation of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak K Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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34
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Choi J, Hore MJA, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Nanoparticle Brush Architecture Controls Polymer Diffusion in Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500235v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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35
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Ferrier R, Lee HS, Hore MJA, Caporizzo M, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Gold nanorod linking to control plasmonic properties in solution and polymer nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1906-14. [PMID: 24483622 PMCID: PMC3983332 DOI: 10.1021/la404588w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel, solution-based method is presented to prepare bifunctional gold nanorods (B-NRs), assemble B-NRs end-to-end in various solvents, and disperse linked B-NRs in a polymer matrix. The B-NRs have poly(ethylene glycol) grafted along its long axis and cysteine adsorbed to its ends. By controlling cysteine coverage, bifunctional ligands or polymer can be end-grafted to the AuNRs. Here, two dithiol ligands (C6DT and C9DT) are used to link the B-NRs in organic solvents. With increasing incubation time, the nanorod chain length increases linearly as the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance shifts toward lower adsorption wavelengths (i.e., red shift). Analogous to step-growth polymerization, the polydispersity in chain length also increases. Upon adding poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(methyl methacrylate) to chloroform solution with linked B-NR, the nanorod chains are shown to retain end-to-end linking upon spin-casting into PEO or PMMA films. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), the mechanism of nanorod linking is investigated on planar gold surfaces. At submonolayer coverage of cysteine, C6DT molecules can insert between cysteines and reach an areal density of 3.4 molecules per nm(2). To mimic the linking of Au NRs, this planar surface is exposed to cysteine-coated Au nanoparticles, which graft at 7 NPs per μm(2). This solution-based method to prepare, assemble, and disperse Au nanorods is applicable to other nanorod systems (e.g., CdSe) and presents a new strategy to assemble anisotropic particles in organic solvents and polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
C. Ferrier
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hyun-Su Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory
for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute of Medicine and Engineering and Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory
for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Matthew Caporizzo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory
for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Institute of Medicine and Engineering and Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory
for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Srivastava S, Schaefer JL, Yang Z, Tu Z, Archer LA. 25th anniversary article: polymer-particle composites: phase stability and applications in electrochemical energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:201-234. [PMID: 24323839 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-particle composites are used in virtually every field of technology. When the particles approach nanometer dimensions, large interfacial regions are created. In favorable situations, the spatial distribution of these interfaces can be controlled to create new hybrid materials with physical and transport properties inaccessible in their constituents or poorly prepared mixtures. This review surveys progress in the last decade in understanding phase behavior, structure, and properties of nanoparticle-polymer composites. The review takes a decidedly polymers perspective and explores how physical and chemical approaches may be employed to create hybrids with controlled distribution of particles. Applications are studied in two contexts of contemporary interest: battery electrolytes and electrodes. In the former, the role of dispersed and aggregated particles on ion-transport is considered. In the latter, the polymer is employed in such small quantities that it has been historically given titles such as binder and carbon precursor that underscore its perceived secondary role. Considering the myriad functions the binder plays in an electrode, it is surprising that highly filled composites have not received more attention. Opportunities in this and related areas are highlighted where recent advances in synthesis and polymer science are inspiring new approaches, and where newcomers to the field could make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanvaya Srivastava
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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37
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Ganesan V, Jayaraman A. Theory and simulation studies of effective interactions, phase behavior and morphology in polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:13-38. [PMID: 24651842 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are a class of materials that consist of a polymer matrix filled with inorganic/organic nanoscale additives that enhance the inherent macroscopic (mechanical, optical and electronic) properties of the polymer matrix. Over the past few decades such materials have received tremendous attention from experimentalists, theoreticians, and computational scientists. These studies have revealed that the macroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposites depend strongly on the (microscopic) morphology of the constituent nanoscale additives in the polymer matrix. As a consequence, intense research efforts have been directed to understand the relationships between interactions, morphology, and the phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites. Theory and simulations have proven to be useful tools in this regard due to their ability to link molecular level features of the polymer and nanoparticle additives to the resulting morphology within the composite. In this article we review recent theory and simulation studies, presenting briefly the methodological developments underlying PRISM theories, density functional theory, self-consistent field theory approaches, and atomistic and coarse-grained molecular simulations. We first discuss the studies on polymer nanocomposites with bare or un-functionalized nanoparticles as additives, followed by a review of recent work on composites containing polymer grafted or functionalized nanoparticles as additives. We conclude each section with a brief outlook on some potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, USA.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Hore
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut
Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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39
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Hore MJA, Ford J, Ohno K, Composto RJ, Hammouda B. Direct Measurements of Polymer Brush Conformation Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) from Highly Grafted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Homopolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Hore
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Jamie Ford
- Penn
Regional Nanotechnology Facility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter (LRSM), 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Boualem Hammouda
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
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40
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Pelligra CI, Majewski PW, Osuji CO. Large area vertical alignment of ZnO nanowires in semiconducting polymer thin films directed by magnetic fields. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10511-7. [PMID: 24057068 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of magnetic fields for the directed assembly of ZnO nanowires in semiconducting polymer films suitable for ordered bulk heterojunction photovoltaics. Using rotational field annealing, Co-doped ZnO nanowires with negative paramagnetic anisotropy were successfully aligned out-of-plane with respect to the substrate and polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice I Pelligra
- Yale University, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 0651.
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41
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Choi J, Hore MJA, Meth JS, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Universal Scaling of Polymer Diffusion in Nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:485-490. [PMID: 35581803 DOI: 10.1021/mz400064w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are new and valuable additives that can favorably tune thermomechanical, electric, optical, and magnetic properties of polymeric materials. The addition of nanoparticles can also enhance or slow down polymer dynamics depending on the mixture thermodynamics and key length scales, namely, nanoparticle size, interparticle spacing (ID), and the polymer radius of gyration (Rg). Presently, a framework for understanding how nanoparticles affect polymer dynamics is not available, in part, because of a lack of wide-ranging experimental studies. Here, tracer diffusion is studied in model nanocomposites containing silica nanoparticles grafted with either polymer brushes (soft nanoparticles) or short ligands (hard nanoparticles). Over a wide range of tracer molecular weights and nanoparticle loadings, the normalized diffusion coefficient collapses onto a universal curve for both soft and hard nanoparticles when plotted against a confinement parameter, defined as ID/Rg, which accounts for tracer penetration into the brush. These experimental results provide new insights into the fundamental principles required to construct predictive models of polymer dynamics in nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Meth
- DuPont Nanocomposite
Technologies, Central Research and Development, E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 400,
Wilmington, Delaware, United States
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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42
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Frischknecht AL, Hore MJA, Ford J, Composto RJ. Dispersion of Polymer-Grafted Nanorods in Homopolymer Films: Theory and Experiment. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87185, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of
Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States, and
| | - Jamie Ford
- Penn Regional Nanotechnology Facility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of
Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States, and
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43
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Hore MJA, Composto RJ. Strategies for dispersing, assembling, and orienting nanorods in polymers. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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