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Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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He Y, Wang Z, Liu P, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Facile topological transformation of ABA triblock copolymers into multisite, single-chain-folding and branched multiblock copolymers via sequential click coupling and anthracene chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telechelic PtBA-b-PSt-b-PtBA copolymers were designed to achieve on-demand topological transformation into multisite, single-chain-folding and branched multiblock copolymers via click/click-like reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Peng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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3
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Cuneo T, Cao X, Zou L, Gao H. Synthesis of multisegmented block copolymer by Friedel–Crafts hydroxyalkylation polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Friedel–Crafts (FC) polycondensation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene with 4-substituted benzaldehyde species was used to prepare telechelic oligomers and high-molar-mass multisegmented block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cuneo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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4
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Radebe N, Beskers T, Greyling G, Pasch H. Online coupling of thermal field-flow fractionation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a powerful tool for polymer characterization. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:180-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Truong TT, Nguyen HT, Phan MN, Nguyen LTT. Study of Diels-Alder reactions between furan and maleimide model compounds and the preparation of a healable thermo-reversible polyurethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thu Truong
- Faculty of Materials Technology; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab); Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Man Ngoc Phan
- Faculty of Materials Technology; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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6
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Fischer JL, Lutomski CA, El-Baba TJ, Siriwardena-Mahanama BN, Weidner SM, Falkenhagen J, Allen MJ, Trimpin S. Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium-PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:2086-2095. [PMID: 26453417 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analytical utility of a new and simple to use ionization method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize a 2-armed europium(III)-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (Eu-PEG) complex directly from a crude sample. MAI was used with the matrix 1,2-dicyanobenzene, which affords low chemical background relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). MAI provides high ion abundance of desired products in comparison to ESI and MALDI. Inductively coupled plasma-MS measurements were used to estimate a maximum of 10% of the crude sample by mass was the 2-arm Eu-PEG complex, supporting evidence of selective ionization of Eu-PEG complexes using the new MAI matrix, 1,2-dicyanobenzene. Multiply charged ions formed in MAI enhance the IMS gas-phase separation, especially relative to the singly charged ions observed with MALDI. Individual components are cleanly separated and readily identified, allowing characterization of the 2-arm Eu-PEG conjugate from a mixture of the 1-arm Eu-PEG complex and unreacted starting materials. Size-exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography at critical conditions, MALDI-MS, ESI-MS, and ESI-IMS-MS had difficulties with this analysis, or failed. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Corinne A Lutomski
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Steffen M Weidner
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- MSTM, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
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7
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Beskers TF, Hofe T, Wilhelm M. Development of a chemically sensitive online SEC detector based on FTIR spectroscopy. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new FTIR–SEC coupling method provides correlated information about the molecular weight distribution and the chemical composition and has the potential to be applied as a standard SEC detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo F. Beskers
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH
| | - Thorsten Hofe
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH
- 55120 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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8
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Song W, Huang J, Hang C, Liu C, Wang X, Wang G. Synthesis of thermally cleavable multisegmented polystyrene by an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01493j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the common features of well-defined NRC reaction, ATRP and NMRP mechanisms, an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism was presented, and further used to construct multisegmented PSm embedded with multiple alkoxyamine linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Cheng Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Chenyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Xuepu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Cent of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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Keddie DJ. A guide to the synthesis of block copolymers using reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:496-505. [PMID: 24129793 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has provided an avenue for the synthesis of a vast array of polymers with a rich variety of functionality and architecture. The preparation of block copolymers has received significant focus in this burgeoning research field, due to their diverse properties and potential in a wide range of research environments. This tutorial review will address the important concepts behind the design and synthesis of block copolymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT polymerization is arguably the most versatile of the RDRP methods due to its compatibility with a wide range of functional monomers and reaction media along with its relative ease of use. With an ever increasing array of researchers that possess a variety of backgrounds now turning to RDRP, and RAFT in particular, to prepare their required polymeric materials, it is pertinent to discuss the important points which enable the preparation of high purity functional block copolymers with targeted molar mass and narrow molar mass distribution using RAFT polymerization. The key principles of appropriate RAFT agent selection, the order of monomer addition in block synthesis and potential issues with maintaining high end-group fidelity are addressed. Additionally, techniques which allow block copolymers to be accessed using a combination of RAFT polymerization and complementary techniques are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Keddie
- Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Myers BK, Elupula R, Jayawickramarajah J, Grayson SM. Determination of polyethylene glycol end group functionalities by combination of selective reactions and characterization by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 816:28-40. [PMID: 24580852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
End groups play a critical role in macromolecular coupling reactions for building complex polymer architectures, yet their identity and purity can be difficult to ascertain using traditional analytical technique. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have made matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry a rapid and powerful tool for providing detailed information about the identity and purity of homopolymer end groups. In this work, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to study end groups of linear polyethylene glycols. In particular, the identifications of alcohol, amine and thiol end groups are investigated because these nucleophilic moieties are among the most common within biological and synthetic macromolecules. Through comparative characterization of alcohol, amine, and thiol end groups, the exact identification of these end groups could be confirmed by selective and quantitative modification. The precision of this technique enables the unambiguous differentiation of primary amino groups relative to hydroxyl groups, which differ by only 1 mass unit. In addition, the quantitative conversion of various polyethylene glycol end groups using highly efficient coupling reactions such as the thiol-ene and azide-alkyne click reactions can be confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhang
- Tulane University, Department of Chemistry,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Tulane University, Department of Chemistry,
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11
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Beskers TF, Brandstetter M, Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Wilhelm M, Lendl B. High performance liquid chromatography with mid-infrared detection based on a broadly tunable quantum cascade laser. Analyst 2014; 139:2057-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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The characterization of dendronized poly(ethylene glycol)s and poly(ethylene glycol) multi-arm stars using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:175-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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