1
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He Z, Han X, Xie H, Yan Z, Guo B, Yao Y. Miniemulsion polymerization-formulated poly(fluorene-alt-6-(2-ethylhexyl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-f]benzotriazole) for cancer cell imaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Vallan L, Istif E, Gómez IJ, Alegret N, Mantione D. Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1977. [PMID: 34208624 PMCID: PMC8234281 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vallan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO—UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS F, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Emin Istif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - I. Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
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3
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Kei P, Howell MT, Chavez CA, Mai JC, Do C, Hong K, Nesterov EE. Kinetically Controlled Formation of Semi-crystalline Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kei
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mitchell T. Howell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Carlos A. Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Joseph C. Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Evgueni E. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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4
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Peterson GI, Yang S, Choi TL. Direct formation of nano-objects via in situ self-assembly of conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of the polymer self-assembly method “in situ nanoparticlization of conjugated polymers” is discussed in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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5
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Lv L, Dang W, Wu X, Chen H, Wang T, Qin L, Wei Z, Zhang K, Shen G, Huang H. Flexible Short-Wave Infrared Image Sensors Enabled by High-Performance Polymeric Photodetectors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, the College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, the College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Linqing Qin
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, the College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Pan H, Tan B, Yazdani A, Budhlall B, Sobkowicz MJ. Controlling the particle size of aqueous conjugated polymer colloids and impact on transistor performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Tuncel D. π-Conjugated nanostructured materials: preparation, properties and photonic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:19-33. [PMID: 36132459 PMCID: PMC9473242 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in π-conjugated nanostructures based on conjugated oligomers and polymers, focusing on their preparation, energy transfer abilities, optoelectronic and laser applications, and photophysical properties including light harvesting. This is a rapidly evolving field as these materials are expected to have many important applications in areas such as light-emitting diodes, solid-state lighting, photovoltaics, solid-state lasers, biophotonics, sensing, imaging, photocatalysis, and photodynamic therapy. Other advantages of these materials are their versatility, and consequently, their adaptability to diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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8
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Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/poly(styrene) blended colloids: Exploiting the effects of composition and marginal solvent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Kuehne AJC. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles toward In Vivo Theranostics - Focus on Targeting, Imaging, Therapy, and the Importance of Clearance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700100. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
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10
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Wu X, Zhang Z, Hang H, Chen Y, Xu Y, Tong H, Wang L. Solution-Processable Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Based on C
3
h
-Symmetric Benzotrithiophene for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hao Hang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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11
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Liou SY, Ke CS, Chen JH, Luo YW, Kuo SY, Chen YH, Fang CC, Wu CY, Chiang CM, Chan YH. Tuning the Emission of Semiconducting Polymer Dots from Green to Near-Infrared by Alternating Donor Monomers and Their Applications for in Vivo Biological Imaging. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:154-157. [PMID: 35668591 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) recently have emerged as a new class of extraordinarily bright fluorescent probes with promising applications in biological imaging and sensing. Herein multicolor semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) were designed using benzothiadiazole (BT) as the acceptor, and various types of donors were incorporated to modulate their emission wavelengths. Specific cellular targeting and in vivo biotoxicity as well as microangiography imaging on zebrafish indicated these BT-based Pdots are promising candidates for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sz-Yu Liou
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Chi-Shiang Ke
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Jhih-Han Chen
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Yun-Wen Luo
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Shih-Yu Kuo
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - You-Hong Chen
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Chia-Chia Fang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Chao-Ming Chiang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
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12
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Tan B, Li Y, Palacios MF, Therrien J, Sobkowicz MJ. Effect of surfactant conjugation on structure and properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) colloids and field effect transistors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Huang S, Kannadorai RK, Chen Y, Liu Q, Wang M. A narrow-bandgap benzobisthiadiazole derivative with high near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency and robust photostability for cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4223-6. [PMID: 25669157 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising tool for treatment of diseases such as cancers. Previous photothermal agents have been largely limited to inorganic nanomaterials and conductive polymers that are barely biodegradable, thus raising issues of long-term toxicity for clinical applications. Here we report a new photothermal agent based on colloidal nanoparticles formed by a small-molecular dye, benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene). These nanoparticles showed strong near-infrared absorption, robust photostability and high therapeutic efficiency for photothermal treatment of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
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14
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Anwar N, Rix A, Lederle W, Kuehne AJC. RGD-decorated conjugated polymer particles as fluorescent biomedical probes prepared by Sonogashira dispersion polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9358-61. [PMID: 25958787 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a facile one-step Sonogashira dispersion polymerization affording monodisperse conjugated polymer particles bearing accessible acetylene moieties on the surface. These acetylene groups are easily functionalized with biological recognition motifs using thiol-yne click chemistry. The resulting functional particles are applied as fluorescent probes for imaging of activated endothelial cells, which take up the particles via receptor mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Anwar
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Konstantinova LS, Knyazeva EA, Rakitin OA. Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of 1,2,5-Thia- and Selenadiazoles. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.963454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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He W, Cheng L, Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu Z, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Bifunctional nanoparticles with magnetism and NIR fluorescence: controlled synthesis from combination of AGET ATRP and 'click' reaction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:045602. [PMID: 24394385 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/4/045602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, bifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of emitting near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and generating superparamagnetism under an external magnetic field were prepared by combination of 'click' reaction and surface-initiated activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using biocompatible iron as the catalyst on the surface of silica-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2) NPs. The nanosized Fe3O4@SiO2@PPEGMA-co-PGMA@N3 was prepared through AGET ATRP and alkynyl bearing NIR dye was also prepared; afterwards they were integrated together by 'click' reaction. The different stages of surface modification were approved by employing different characterization techniques such as TEM, XRD, XPS, VSM and FT-IR, and the properties of the final NPs were thoroughly studied. Their suitability as dual model imaging agents for magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging was investigated, indicating them to be a competitive candidate for imaging contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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17
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Wu X, Li H, Xu B, Tong H, Wang L. Solution-dispersed porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles for fluorescent sensing of TNT with enhanced sensitivity. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Glöcklhofer F, Lumpi D, Stöger B, Fröhlich J. Multigram synthesis of bis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzenes suitable for post-polymerization modification. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel building blocks for functional organic materials have been synthesized, subjected to polymerization and subsequently to post-polymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glöcklhofer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Lumpi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Bag M, Gehan TS, Algaier DD, Liu F, Nagarjuna G, Lahti PM, Russell TP, Venkataraman D. Efficient charge transport in assemblies of surfactant-stabilized semiconducting nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6411-6415. [PMID: 23996540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport through a semiconducting nanoparticle assembly is demonstrated. The hole mobility of low and high molecular weight and regioreglular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanoparticles is on the order of 2 × 10(-4) to 5 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is comparable to drop-cast thin films of pristine P3HT. Various methods are employed to understand the nature and importance of the nanoparticle packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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He W, Cheng L, Zhang L, Liu Z, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Facile fabrication of biocompatible and tunable multifunctional nanomaterials via iron-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization with activators generated by electron transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9663-9669. [PMID: 24079826 DOI: 10.1021/am402696p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy of preparing multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) with near infra red (NIR) fluorescence and magnetism showing good hydrophilicity and low toxicity was developed via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization with activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) employing biocompatible iron as the catalyst on the surface of silica coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2) NPs. The small molecules (CS2), a NIR fluorescent chromophore, can be fixed into the covalently grafted polymer shell of the NPs by chemical reaction through a covalent bond to obtain stable CS2 dotted NPs Fe3O4@SiO2@PPEGMA-co-PGMA@CS2. The fluorescence intensity of the as-prepared NPs could be conveniently regulated by altering the silica shell thickness (varying the feed of silica source TEOS), CS2 feed, or the feed ratio of VPEGMA/VGMA, which are easily realized in the preparation process. Thorough investigation of the properties of the final NPs including in vivo dual modal imaging indicate that such NPs are one of the competitive candidates as imaging agents proving a promising potential in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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21
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Lonchakov AV, Rakitin OA, Gritsan NP, Zibarev AV. Breathing some new life into an old topic: chalcogen-nitrogen π-heterocycles as electron acceptors. Molecules 2013; 18:9850-900. [PMID: 23959195 PMCID: PMC6270515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the design, synthesis and characterization of chalcogen-nitrogen π-heterocycles, mostly 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles (chalcogen: S, Se and Te) and their fused derivatives, possessing positive electron affinity is discussed together with their use in preparation of charge-transfer complexes and radical-anion salts-candidate building blocks of molecule-based electrical and magnetic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Lonchakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; E-Mails: (A.V.L.); (N.P.G.)
- Department of Physics, National Research University—Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Rakitin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; E-Mail:
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; E-Mails: (A.V.L.); (N.P.G.)
- Department of Physics, National Research University—Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zibarev
- Department of Physics, National Research University—Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +7-383-330-9664; Fax: +7-383-330-9752
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22
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Fischer CS, Baier MC, Mecking S. Enhanced brightness emission-tuned nanoparticles from heterodifunctional polyfluorene building blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1148-54. [PMID: 23272736 DOI: 10.1021/ja311497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Three-coordinate complexes (bromo)[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-phenyl](tri-tert-butyl-phosphine)palladium (1) and (bromo){4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}(tri-tert-butyl-phosphine)palladium (2) were used to initiate Suzuki-Miyaura chain growth polymerization of 7'-bromo-9',9'-dioctyl-fluoren-2'-yl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane (3). The polymerization was optionally terminated by end-capping with red-emitting N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,6-bis(4-tert-octylphenoxy)-9-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-perylene-3,4-dicarboximide. Heterodisubstituted polyfluorenes of adjustable molecular weights between 5 × 10(3) and 1.0 × 10(4) g mol(-1) and narrow molecular weight distribution (M(w)/M(n) < 1.2), bearing precisely one or two hydroxyl groups on one chain end and optionally a dye-label on the opposite end, were obtained virtually devoid of any side-products. Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (M(n) = 2 × 10(3) g mol(-1)) to the reactive end groups yielded amphiphilic block copolymer, which afforded stable nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 25-50 nm when dispersed in water. These particles exhibited a bright fluorescence emission with quantum yields as high as Φ = 84%, which could optionally be tuned to longer wavelengths by energy transfer to the perylene monoimide dye. The heterodifunctional nature of these polyfluorenes is crucial for a bright and enduring fluorescence brightness as revealed by comparison to nanoparticles containing physically mixed dye. Further addition of terrylene diimide dye to the nanoparticles of perylene-end-capped polyfluorene block copolymers allows for an energy cascade resulting in emission exclusively in the deep red and near-infrared regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Fischer
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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