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van der Sman R, van der Goot A. Hypotheses concerning structuring of extruded meat analogs. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100510. [PMID: 37275388 PMCID: PMC10236473 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the physicochemical phenomena occurring during the structuring processes in the manufacturing of plant-based meat analogs via high-moisture-extrusion (HME). After the initial discussion on the input materials, we discuss the hypotheses behind the physics of the functional tasks that can be defined for HME. For these hypotheses, we have taken a broader view than only the scientific literature on plant-based meat analogs but incorporated also literature from soft matter physics and patent literature. Many of these hypotheses remain to be proven. Hence, we hope that this overview will inspire researchers to fill the still-open knowledge gaps concerning the multiscale structure of meat analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.G.M. van der Sman
- Wageningen Food Biobased Research, the Netherlands
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
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Yielding and thixotropic cellulose microgel-based network in high-content surfactant for stably suspending of functional beads. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1283-1293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Imidazole-based surface-active gelator: Thermo responsive gel-to-gel transition of 1-hexadecyl-3-methyl imidazolium salicylate for multidimensional applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fahimipour F, Dashtimoghadam E, Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi M, Vargas J, Vashaee D, Lobner DC, Jafarzadeh Kashi TS, Ghasemzadeh B, Tayebi L. Enhancing cell seeding and osteogenesis of MSCs on 3D printed scaffolds through injectable BMP2 immobilized ECM-Mimetic gel. Dent Mater 2019; 35:990-1006. [PMID: 31027908 PMCID: PMC7193177 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Design of bioactive scaffolds with osteogenic capacity is a central challenge in cell-based patient-specific bone tissue engineering. Efficient and spatially uniform seeding of (stem) cells onto such constructs is vital to attain functional tissues. Herein we developed heparin functionalized collagen gels supported by 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds, as bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic matrices. These matrices were designed to enhance cell seeding efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as improve their osteogenic differentiation through immobilized bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) to be used for personalized bone regeneration. METHODS A 3D gel based on heparin-conjugated collagen matrix capable of immobilizing recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) was synthesized. Isolated dental pulp Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were then encapsulated into the bone ECM microenvironment to efficiently and uniformly seed a bioactive ceramic-based scaffold fabricated using additive manufacturing technique. The designed 3D cell-laden constructs were comprehensively investigated trough in vitro assays and in vivo study. RESULTS In-depth rheological characterizations of heparin-conjugated collagen gel revealed that elasticity of the matrix is significantly improved compared with freely incorporated heparin. Investigation of the MSCs laden collagen-heparin hydrogels revealed their capability to provide spatiotemporal bioavailability of BMP2 while suppressing the matrix contraction over time. The in vivo histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that the designed construct supported the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and induced the ectopic bone formation in rat model. SIGNIFICANCE The presented hybrid constructs combine bone ECM chemical cues with mechanical function providing an ideal 3D microenvironment for patient-specific bone tissue engineering and cell therapy applications. The implemented methodology in design of ECM-mimetic 3D matrix capable of immobilizing BMP2 to improve seeding efficiency of customized scaffolds can be exploited for other bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Fahimipour
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Vargas
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Douglas C Lobner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Tahereh S Jafarzadeh Kashi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Integrative Neuroscience Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Hashemnejad SM, Kundu S. Probing Gelation and Rheological Behavior of a Self-Assembled Molecular Gel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7769-7779. [PMID: 28715639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular gels have been investigated over the last few decades; however, mechanical behavior of these self-assembled gels is not well understood, particularly how these materials fail at large strain. Here, we report the gelation and rheological behavior of a molecular gel formed by self-assembly of a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG), di-Fmoc-l-lysine, in 1-propanol/water mixture. Gels were prepared by solvent-triggered technique, and gelation was tracked using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and shear rheology. FTIR spectroscopy captures the formation of hydrogen bonding between the gelator molecules, and the change in IR spectra during the gelation process correlates with the gelation kinetics results captured by rheology. Self-assembly of gelator molecules leads to a fiber-like structure, and these long fibers topologically interact to form a gel-like material. Stretched-exponential function can capture the stress-relaxation data. Stress-relaxation time for these gels have been found to be long owing to long fiber dimensions, and the stretching exponent value of 1/3 indicates polydispersity in fiber dimensions. Cavitation rheology captures fracture-like behavior of these gels, and critical energy release rate has been estimated to be of the order 0.1 J/m2. Our results provide new understanding of the rheological behavior of molecular gels and their structural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Meysam Hashemnejad
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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Hashmi S, GhavamiNejad A, Stadler FJ, Wu D. Oscillations in modulus in solutions of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide with grafted poly-N-isopropylamide. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1315-1325. [PMID: 25572104 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a material consisting of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM) in an aqueous solution, a new type of rheological behaviour is found. When subjecting the material to a short and relatively small deformation pulse, the modulus, which is observed by small deformations in the linear-viscoelastic or very slightly nonlinear range, oscillates with periodicities between 100 and several 1000 seconds; however, in many cases, it also increases systematically. The periodicity depends on the filler content and the sample preparation method (in situ polymerisation vs. blending). When subjecting the material to high nonlinear deformations (γ0 = 100-300%), the resulting linear viscoelastic behaviour changes from a periodic oscillation to a quick recovery of the original data, followed by a decrease and a subsequent increase beyond the value of the modulus of the material prior to the deformation pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Hashmi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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Teunissen AJP, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Rodríguez-Llansola F, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Mechanically Induced Gelation of a Kinetically Trapped Supramolecular Polymer. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. P. Teunissen
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fransico Rodríguez-Llansola
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Taslimi F, Gompper G, Winkler RG. Scaffold Structures by Telechelic Rodlike Polymers: Nonequilibrium Structural and Rheological Properties under Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501215t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Taslimi
- Theoretical Soft Matter and
Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and
Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland G. Winkler
- Theoretical Soft Matter and
Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Reddy M A, Srivastava A. Mechano-responsive gelation of water by a short alanine-derivative. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4863-4868. [PMID: 24866750 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a structurally concise alanine derivative (Ala-hyd) that has a rotationally flexible aromatic N-protecting group for alanine and a hydrazide functionality at its carboxylic end. Ala-hyd requires mechanical agitation (physically stirring, vortexing or sonicating) to form supramolecular hydrogels at medium concentrations (0.4-0.8 wt%). At higher concentrations (>0.8 wt%), it spontaneously gelates water on undisturbed cooling of the hot solution, while at lower concentrations (<0.4 wt%), only turbid suspensions were formed upon agitation. In the <0.8 wt% regime, hydrogelation by Ala-hyd is modulated by its concentration as well as by the extent of applied mechanical agitation. Turbidimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy indicate enhanced self-assembly of Ala-hyd upon agitation, and FTIR studies point towards stronger hydrogen bonds in the resulting assemblies. Since Ala-hyd requires mechanical agitation to undergo self-assembly, its aqueous sols exhibited mild shear-thickening behaviour in buffered as well as salt-free conditions. During shearing, the formation of an entangled mesh of long, helical nanofibers coincided with the maximum in the bulk shear viscosity. pH-dependent rheological investigations indicate that protonation of the amine unit (pKa = 8.9) of hydrazide diminishes the self-assembly propensity of this compound. The self-assembly of Ala-hyd can thus be modulated through mechanical as well as chemical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendar Reddy M
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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Obiweluozor FO, GhavamiNejad A, Hashmi S, Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani M, Stadler FJ. A NIPAM-Zwitterion Copolymer: Rheological Interpretation of the Specific Ion Effect on the LCST. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis O. Obiweluozor
- Chonbuk National University, School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Chonbuk National University, School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Saud Hashmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; NED University of Engineering & Technology; University Road Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani
- Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh Branch, Department of Polymer; 63731-93719 Omidiyeh Iran
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Chonbuk National University, School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
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Murray LR, Erk KA. Jamming rheology of model cementitious suspensions composed of comb-polymer stabilized magnesium oxide particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Murray
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University; 701 West Stadium Ave West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Kendra A. Erk
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University; 701 West Stadium Ave West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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