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Gorbunova MA, Komov EV, Grunin LY, Ivanova MS, Abukaev AF, Imamutdinova AM, Ivanov DA, Anokhin DV. The effect of separation of blocks on the crystallization kinetics and phase composition of poly(butylene adipate) in multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:902-913. [PMID: 34909809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the hard segment nature on the crystallization kinetics of multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes containing poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) as a soft segment was investigated. Using a combination of FTIR spectroscopy, time-domain 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fast-scanning calorimetry (FSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), it was shown that aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates affect the phase separation efficiency of soft and hard segments. The best phase separation efficiency was observed for a sample containing aliphatic diisocyanate due to the development of a hydrogen bond network. The thermal history, phase separation and the degree of ordering of the polyurethane determine the polymorphic behavior of melt-crystallized PBA. The formation of a partially-ordered mesophase of linear aliphatic polyurethane leads to an increase in the crystallization rate of PBA at room temperature and the formation of thermodynamically stable α-crystals. The presence of bulk cycloaliphatic and aromatic diol-urethane fragments prevents the phase separation of PBA, which crystallizes after slow cooling in a mixture of α- and β-crystalline forms. The new nanocalorimetry technique allows the identification of a direct correlation between the phase separation and crystallization kinetics of the melt-crystallized PBA in a wide range of cooling rates - from 2 to 30 000 K s-1. Particularly, ultra-fast cooling suppresses the nucleation of the β-phase of PBA resulting in slow crystallization of only α-modification at room temperature. The role of the polyurethane mesophase in the crystallization of the soft segment was discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Gorbunova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii V Komov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leonid Yu Grunin
- Volga State University of Technology, Lenin sq. 3, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Mariya S Ivanova
- Volga State University of Technology, Lenin sq. 3, 424000, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Ainur F Abukaev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis V Anokhin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
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Stribeck A, Eling B, Pöselt E, Malfois M, Schander E. Melting and solidification of thermoplastic polyurethanes as a function of nucleating agents. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Institute TMC Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg D‐20146 Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- Institute TMC Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg D‐20146 Germany
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Edgar Schander
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
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3
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Anokhin DV, Gorbunova MA, Abukaev AF, Ivanov DA. Multiblock Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: In Situ Studies of Structural and Morphological Evolution under Strain. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113009. [PMID: 34206146 PMCID: PMC8199508 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural evolution of multiblock thermoplastic polyurethane ureas based on two polydiols, poly(1,4-butylene adipate (PBA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), as soft blocks and two diisocyanites, 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), as hard blocks is monitored during in situ deformation by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. It was shown that the urethane environment determines the crystal structure of the soft block. Consequently, two populations of crystalline domains of polydiols are formed. Aromatic TDI forms rigid domains and imposes constrains on the crystallization of bounded polydiol. During stretching, the TDI–polydiol domains reveal limited elastic deformation without reorganization of the crystalline phase. The constrained lamellae of polydiol form an additional physical network that contributes to the elastic modulus and strength of the material. In contrast, polydiols connected to the linear semi-flexible HMDI have a higher crystallization rate and exhibit a more regular lamellar morphology. During deformation, the HMDI-PBA domains show a typical thermoplastic behavior with plastic flow and necking because of the high degree of crystallinity of PBA at room temperature. Materials with HMDI-PCL bonding exhibit elastic deformation due to the low degree of crystallinity of the PCL block in the isotropic state. At higher strain, hardening of the material is observed due to the stress-induced crystallization of PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Anokhin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (M.A.G.); (A.F.A.); (D.A.I.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-509-35-21
| | - Marina A. Gorbunova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (M.A.G.); (A.F.A.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Ainur F. Abukaev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (M.A.G.); (A.F.A.); (D.A.I.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (M.A.G.); (A.F.A.); (D.A.I.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
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4
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Li X. ipyChord: a package for evaluating small-angle X-ray scattering data of fiber symmetry. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a Python-based package, ipyChord, to compute the 2D chord distribution function (CDF) from the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern from polymer materials with fiber-symmetrical nanostructure. The program allows construction of a harmonized SAXS pattern from a raw SAXS pattern, by normalization of the incident-beam intensity, absorption correction for sample thickness, masking blind areas on the detector, and filling in the shadow of the beamstop and its holder using symmetry operations. Patterns from modular detectors with inter-module gaps can still be fully constructed satisfactorily after determining the optimized beam position and a radial basis function. A CDF pattern computed from the full SAXS pattern can be used to determine the domain size and its variability using a graphical method. An interface distribution function computed from Bonart's longitudinal projection or sliced from a CDF meridian can quantify differently stacked hard and soft domains. Two cases of the application of ipyChord are presented. The software is open source and available at https://github.com/isaxs/ipyChord.
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Melt Spinning of Highly Stretchable, Electrically Conductive Filament Yarns. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040590. [PMID: 33669330 PMCID: PMC7920307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically conductive fibers are required for various applications in modern textile technology, e.g., the manufacturing of smart textiles and fiber composite systems with textile-based sensor and actuator systems. According to the state of the art, fine copper wires, carbon rovings, or metallized filament yarns, which offer very good electrical conductivity but low mechanical elongation capabilities, are primarily used for this purpose. However, for applications requiring highly flexible textile structures, as, for example, in the case of wearable smart textiles and fiber elastomer composites, the development of electrically conductive, elastic yarns is of great importance. Therefore, highly stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was compounded with electrically conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and subsequently melt spun. The melt spinning technology had to be modified for the processing of highly viscous TPU–CNT compounds with fill levels of up to 6 wt.% CNT. The optimal configuration was achieved at a CNT content of 5 wt.%, providing an electrical resistance of 110 Ωcm and an elongation at break of 400%.
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Khalifa M, Anandhan S, Wuzella G, Lammer H, Mahendran AR. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites reinforced with renewable and sustainable fillers – a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1768544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology , India
| | - Günter Wuzella
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
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Stribeck A, Eling B, Pöselt E, Malfois M, Schander E. Melting, Solidification, and Crystallization of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane as a Function of Hard Segment Content. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Edgar Schander
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
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8
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Scattering of X-rays during melting and solidification of thermoplastic polyurethane. Graphite as nucleating agent and stabilizer of the colloidal melt. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu S, Lempesis N, in ‘t Veld PJ, Rutledge GC. Molecular Simulation of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes under Large Tensile Deformation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nikolaos Lempesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Gregory C. Rutledge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Li X, Lu Y, Wang H, Pöselt E, Eling B, Men Y. Crystallization of hard segments in MDI/BD-based polyurethanes deformed at elevated temperature and their dependence on the MDI/BD content. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Stribeck A, Pöselt E, Eling B, Jokari-Sheshdeh F, Hoell A. Thermoplastic polyurethanes with varying hard-segment components. Mechanical performance and a filler-crosslink conversion of hard domains as monitored by SAXS. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Oguz O, Simsek E, Kosak Soz C, Kasli Heinz O, Yilgor E, Yilgor I, Menceloglu YZ. Effect of filler content on the structure‐property behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) based polyurethaneurea‐silica nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Oguz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano EngineeringSabanci UniversityOrhanli Tuzla, Istanbul34956 Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark IstanbulPendik Istanbul34906 Turkey
| | - Eren Simsek
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano EngineeringSabanci UniversityOrhanli Tuzla, Istanbul34956 Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark IstanbulPendik Istanbul34906 Turkey
| | - Cagla Kosak Soz
- KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Chemistry DepartmentKoc UniversitySariyer Istanbul34450 Turkey
| | - Ozge Kasli Heinz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano EngineeringSabanci UniversityOrhanli Tuzla, Istanbul34956 Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark IstanbulPendik Istanbul34906 Turkey
| | - Emel Yilgor
- KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Chemistry DepartmentKoc UniversitySariyer Istanbul34450 Turkey
| | - Iskender Yilgor
- KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Chemistry DepartmentKoc UniversitySariyer Istanbul34450 Turkey
| | - Yusuf Z. Menceloglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano EngineeringSabanci UniversityOrhanli Tuzla, Istanbul34956 Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark IstanbulPendik Istanbul34906 Turkey
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13
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Fabrication, characterization and properties of waterborne polyurethane/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites via copolycondensation of hydroxyls. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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15
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Stribeck A, Li X, Zeinolebadi A, Pöselt E, Eling B, Funari S. Morphological Changes under Strain for Different Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Monitored by SAXS Related to Strain at Break. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Department of Chemistry; Institute TMC; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Xuke Li
- Department of Chemistry; Institute TMC; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Ahmad Zeinolebadi
- Polymer Consult Buchner GmbH; Schwarzer Weg 34 22309 Hamburg Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH; Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH; Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
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16
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Stribeck A, Jokari-Sheshdeh F, Pöselt E, Eling B, in't Veld PJ, Goerigk GJ, Hoell A. Machine prepared thermoplastic polyurethanes of varying hard segment content: Morphology and its evolution in tensile tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH; Elastogranstr. 60 D-49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH; Elastogranstr. 60 D-49448 Lemförde Germany
| | | | - Günter Johannes Goerigk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 D-14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Armin Hoell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 D-14109 Berlin Germany
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Stribeck N, Li X, Eling B, Pöselt E, in 't Veld PJ. Quasiperiodicity and the nanoscopic morphology of some polyurethanes. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
When straining polyurethane elastomers (PUEs), it is often observed that the long-period peak of the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) does not shift normally. An explanation is indicated for some PUEs in the real-space chord distribution. It exhibits a sequence of constant long-period bands. The band positions form a Fibonacci sequence. This relates to the underlying chemical synthesis by polyaddition of hard and soft modules, indicating a nearly quasiperiodic setup in sequences of stringed hard domains. These sequences appear to be the probes provided by SAXS for the study of morphology evolution in such PUEs. Should a regular-as-possible arrangement of physical crosslinks optimize a property of the material, then in the synthesis the mole fractionnHof hard modules should be chosen to benH= τ/(1 + τ) ≃ 0.62, where τ is the golden ratio.
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Yang J, Han CR, Duan JF, Xu F, Sun RC. In situ grafting silica nanoparticles reinforced nanocomposite hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10858-10863. [PMID: 24089085 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly flexible nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by using silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as fillers and multi-functional cross-links to graft hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by free radical polymerization from an aqueous solution. The SNPs were collected by neighboring polymer chains and dispersed uniformly within a PAA matrix. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite hydrogels were tailored by the concentration of SNPs according to the percolation model. It was proposed that covalent bonds of adsorbed chains on the filler surface resulted in the formation of a shell of an immobilized glassy layer and trapped entanglements, where the glassy polymer layer greatly enhanced the elastic modulus and the release of trapped entanglements at deformation contributed to the viscoelastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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