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Merrill JH, Li R, Roth CB. End-Tethered Chains Increase the Local Glass Transition Temperature of Matrix Chains by 45 K Next to Solid Substrates Independent of Chain Length. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1-7. [PMID: 36516977 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The local glass transition temperature Tg of pyrene-labeled polystyrene (PS) chains intermixed with end-tethered PS chains grafted to a neutral silica substrate was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. To isolate the impact of the grafted chains, the films were capped with bulk neat PS layers eliminating competing effects of the free surface. Results demonstrate that end-grafted chains strongly increase the local Tg of matrix chains by ≈45 K relative to bulk Tg, independent of grafted chain molecular weight from Mn = 8.6 to 212 kg/mol and chemical end-group, over a wide range of grafting densities σ = 0.003 to 0.33 chains/nm2 spanning the mushroom-to-brush transition regime. The tens-of-degree increase in local Tg resulting from immobilization of the chain ends by covalent bonding in this athermal system suggests a mechanism that substantially increases the local activation energy required for cooperative rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Merrill
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
| | - Connie B Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
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2
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Yoshioka H, Aoki Y, Nonaka K, Yamada NL, Kobayashi M. Effect of molecular weight distribution on the thermal adhesion of polystyrene and PMMA brushes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Matsumoto T, Shimizu Y, Nishino T. Analyses of the Adhesion Interphase of Isotactic Polypropylene Using Hot-Melt Polyolefin Adhesives. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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4
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Degen GD, Cristiani TR, Cadirov N, Andresen Eguiluz RC, Kristiansen K, Pitenis AA, Israelachvili JN. Surface Damage Influences the JKR Contact Mechanics of Glassy Low-Molecular-Weight Polystyrene Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15674-15680. [PMID: 31568721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using a surface forces apparatus (SFA), we quantitatively study the influence of surface damage on the contact mechanics of self-mated glassy polystyrene (PS) films. We use the SFA to measure the contact radius, surface profile, and normal force between the films, including the adhesion force. The molecular weight (MW) of the polymer influences the repeatability of the adhesion measurements and the effective surface energy calculated using the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. For low-MW PS (MW = 2.33 kDa), the effective surface energy increases over repeated adhesion cycles as the films become progressively damaged. For high-MW PS (MW = 280 kDa), the effective surface energy is constant over repeated adhesion cycles, but hysteresis is still present, manifested in a smaller contact radius during compression of the surfaces than during separation. Our results demonstrate that while the JKR theory is appropriate for describing the contact mechanics of glassy polymer thin films on layered elastic substrates, the contact mechanics of low-MW polymer films can be complicated by surface damage to the films.
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5
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Beuguel Q, Guinault A, Léger L, Restagno F, Sollogoub C, Miquelard-Garnier G. Nanorheology with a Conventional Rheometer: Probing the Interfacial Properties in Compatibilized Multinanolayer Polymer Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1309-1315. [PMID: 35651150 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the viscoelastic behavior of polymers in the vicinity of a surface or under confinement is an experimental challenge. Simple rheological tests of nanolayered films of polyethylene/polyamide 6 compatibilized in situ during the coextrusion process enabled the probing of these interfacial properties. Taking advantage of the different melting points and of the multiplication of the number of interfaces, a drastic increase of dynamic moduli was reported when increasing the interphase volume fraction in the films. A solid-like behavior for the interphase was identified. The complex viscosity of nanolayered films as a function of angular frequency was quantitatively captured for all samples using a weighted mixing law of bulk and interphase viscosities, without additional adjusting parameters, highlighting the interfacial synergy developed in nanolayered polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Beuguel
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ Paris-SUD, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ Paris-SUD, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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6
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Hénot M, Grzelka M, Zhang J, Mariot S, Antoniuk I, Drockenmuller E, Léger L, Restagno F. Temperature-Controlled Slip of Polymer Melts on Ideal Substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:177802. [PMID: 30411954 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.177802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the hydrodynamic boundary condition between a polydimethylsiloxane melt and two different nonattractive surfaces made of either an octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer or a grafted layer of short polydimethylsiloxane chains has been characterized. We observe a slip length proportional to the fluid viscosity. The temperature dependence is deeply influenced by the surfaces. The viscous stress exerted by the polymer liquid on the surface is observed to follow exactly the same temperature dependences as the friction stress of a cross-linked elastomer sliding on the same surfaces. Far above the glass transition temperature, these observations are rationalized in the framework of a molecular model based on activation energies: increase or decrease of the slip length with increasing temperatures can be observed depending on how the activation energy of the bulk viscosity compares to that of the interfacial Navier's friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Hénot
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marion Grzelka
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Mariot
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Iurii Antoniuk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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7
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Abstract
Specular neutron reflectivity is a technique enabling the measurement of coherent neutron scattering length density profile perpendicular to the plane of a surface or interface, and thereby the profile of chemical composition. The characteristic sizes that are probed range from around 5Å up 5000 Å. It is a scattering technique that averages information over the entire surface and it is therefore not possible to obtain information on correlations in the plane of the interface. The specific properties of neutrons (possibility of tuning the contrast by isotopic substitution, negligible absorption, low energy of the incident neutrons) makes it particularly interesting in the fields of soft matter and biophysics. This course is composed of three parts describing respectively its principle, the experimental aspects (diffractometers, samples), and some scientific examples of neutron reflectometry focusing on the use of contrast variation to probe polymeric systems.
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8
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Sheridan RJ, Orski SV, Jones RL, Satija SK, Beers KL. Surface interaction parameter measurement of solvated polymers via model end-tethered chains. Macromolecules 2017; 50:6668-6678. [PMID: 28970637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a method for the direct measurement of the relative energy of interaction between a solvated polymer and a solid interface. By tethering linear chains covalently to the surface, we ensured the idealized and constant configuration of polymer molecules for measurement, modeling, and parameter estimation. For the case of amine-terminated polystyrene bound to a glycidoxypropyl silane film submerged in cyclohexane-d12, we estimated the χ parameter for the temperature range 10.7 °C to 52.0 °C, and found a downward sloping trend that crosses the χ = 0.5 threshold at 37 °C to 40 °C, in agreement with solution estimates for the same system. We simultaneously estimated the surface interaction parameter χs at each temperature, finding a decreasing affinity of the chains for the surface with increasing temperature, consistent with empirical observations. The theoretical model shows some limitations in a stronger solvent (toluene-d8) that prevent rigorous parameter estimation, but we demonstrate a qualitative change in χ and χs towards stronger solvency and weaker surface interaction with increasing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Sheridan
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Sara V Orski
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Ronald L Jones
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Sushil K Satija
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kathryn L Beers
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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9
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Korolkovas A, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, de los Santos Pereira A, Chennevière A, Restagno F, Wolff M, Adlmann FA, Dennison AJC, Gutfreund P. Polymer Brush Collapse under Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Airidas Korolkovas
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Liphy, 140 Rue de la
Physique, 38402 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI
- Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße
50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andres de los Santos Pereira
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Maximilian Wolff
- Division
for Material Physics, Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box
516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Franz A. Adlmann
- Division
for Material Physics, Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box
516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. C. Dennison
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, U.K
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10
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Hénot M, Chennevière A, Drockenmuller E, Shull K, Léger L, Restagno F. Influence of grafting on the glass transition temperature of PS thin films. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:11. [PMID: 28124207 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the effect of the interaction between a thin polystyrene film and its supporting substrate on its glass transition temperature ([Formula: see text]). We modulate this interaction by depositing the film on end-tethered polystyrene grafted layers of controlled molecular parameters. By comparing [Formula: see text] measurements versus film thickness for films deposited on different grafted layers and films deposited directly on a silicon substrate, we can conclude that there is no important effect of the film-subtrate interaction. Our interpretation of these results is that local orientation and dynamic effects substantial enough to influence [Formula: see text] cannot readily be obtained by grafting prepolymerized chains to a surface, due to intrinsic limitation of the surface grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Hénot
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Kenneth Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung
Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung
Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Dockhorn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung
Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Kreer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung
Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Chennevière A, Cousin F, Boué F, Drockenmuller E, Shull KR, Léger L, Restagno F. Direct Molecular Evidence of the Origin of Slip of Polymer Melts on Grafted Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Chennevière
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin CEA, CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Boué
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin CEA, CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kenneth R. Shull
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
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13
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Davis CS, Lemoine F, Darnige T, Martina D, Creton C, Lindner A. Debonding mechanisms of soft materials at short contact times. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10626-10636. [PMID: 25127556 DOI: 10.1021/la5023592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A carefully controlled, custom-built adhesion testing device was developed which allows a precise, short dwell time on the order of milliseconds to be applied during a contact adhesion experiment. The dwell time dependence of the adhesive strength of crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in contact with glass and uncrosslinked styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in contact with glass and with itself was tested with a spherical probe in a confined Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) geometry. Analysis of the contact images revealed several unique separation mechanisms which are dependent on dwell time and interfacial properties. PDMS-glass interfaces show essentially no dependence of adhesion on the dwell time while the adhesive strength and separation mechanisms of SBR interfaces are shown to vary drastically for dwell times ranging from 40 to 10,000 ms. This influence of dwell time is particularly pronounced for polymer-polymer (SBR-SBR) interfaces. Observations of cavitation due to trapped air pockets in the center of the contact at very short contact times illustrate a transition between a defect-controlled debonding and an interface-controlled debonding which has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Davis
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, UMR 7636 CNRS/ESPCI, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot , 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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14
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Jiang W, Wang L, Liu H, Ma H, Tian H, Chen B, Shi Y, Yin L, Ding Y. Bio-inspired directional high-aspect-ratio nanopillars: fabrication and actuation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopillars (400–500 nm in diameter, 20–40 in aspect ratio, and 60–90° in slanted angles) were fabricated, whose posture can be actuated by electron beam or external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haoyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bangdao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, China
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