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Liu X, Yavitt FM, Gitsov I. Supramolecular Linear-Dendritic Nanoreactors: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in “Green” Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071671. [PMID: 37050285 PMCID: PMC10096851 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of novel amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers and their self-assembly in water to form supramolecular nanoreactors capable of catalyzing Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions under “green” conditions. The block copolymers were formed through copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition between azide functionalized poly(benzyl ether) dendrons as the perfectly branched blocks, as well as bis-alkyne modified poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, as the linear block. A first-generation poly(benzyl ether) dendron (G1) was coupled to a bis-alkyne modified PEG with molecular mass of 5 kDa, forming an ABA copolymer (G1)2-PEG5k-(G1)2 (yield 62%), while a second-generation dendron (G2) was coupled to a 11 kDa bis-alkyne modified PEG to produce (G2)2-PEG11k-(G2)2 (yield 49%). The structural purity and low dispersity of the linear-dendritic copolymers were verified by size-exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Their self-assembly was studied by dynamic light scattering, showing that (G1)2-PEG5k-(G1)2 and (G2)2-PEG11k-(G2)2 formed single populations of micelles (17 nm and 37 nm in diameter, respectively). The triazole rings located at the boundaries between the core and the corona are efficient chelating groups for transition metals. The ability of the micelles to complex Pd was confirmed by 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma. The catalytic activity of the supramolecular linear-dendritic/Pd complexes was tested in water by model Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in which quantitative yields were achieved within 3 h at 40 °C, while, at 17 °C, a yield of more than 70% was attained after 17 h.
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Abstract
The construction of well-defined polyurethane dendrimers is challenging due to the high reactivity of externally added or in situ formed isocyanates leading to the formation of side products. With a primary focus of dendrimer research being the interaction of the periphery and the core, we report the synthesis of a common polyurethane dendron, which allows for the late-stage variation of both the periphery and the core. The periphery can be varied simply by installing a clickable unit in the dendron and then attaching to the core and vice-versa. Thus, a common dendron allows for varying periphery and core in the final two steps. To accomplish this, a protecting group-free, one-pot multicomponent Curtius reaction was utilized to afford a robust and versatile AB2 type polyurethane dendron employing commercially available simple molecules: 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 11-bromoundecanol, and 4-penten-1-ol. Subsequent late-stage modifications of either dendrons or dendrimers via a thiol-ene click reaction gave surface-functionalized alternating aromatic-aliphatic polyurethane homodendrimers to generation-three (G3). The dendrons and the dendrimers were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR analysis. A bifunctional AB2 type dendritic monomer demonstrated this approach’s versatility that can either undergo a thiol-ene click or attachment to the core. This approach enables the incorporation of functionalities at the periphery and the core that may not withstand the dendrimer growth for the synthesis of polyurethane dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules.
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Liu Y, Bai S, Wu T, Chen CC, Liu Y, Chao X, Bai Y. Dendronized Arm Snowflake Polymer as a Highly Branched Scaffold for Cellular Imaging and Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3791-3799. [PMID: 34339173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of branched structures is a major pathway to build macromolecules with desired three-dimensional (3D) structures, which are of high importance in the rational design of functional polymeric scaffolds. Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers have been extensively studied for this purpose, but proper gain-of-function for these structures usually requires large enough molecular weights and a highly branched interior so that a spherical 3D core-shell architecture can be obtained, yet it is generally challenging to achieve precise control over the structure, high molecular weight, and high degree of branching (DoB) simultaneously. In this article, we present a set of snowflake-shaped star polymers with functional cores and dendronized arms, which ensure a high DoB and an overall globular conformation, thus facilitating the introduction of functional moieties onto the easily achieved scaffold without the need for high-generation dendrons. Using a polyglycerol dendron (PGD) as a proof of concept, we propose that this dendronized arm snowflake polymer (DASP) structure can serve as a better performing alternative to high-generation PGDs. DASPs with molecular weights of 750, 1220, 2120, and 3740 kDa were prepared with >85% yields in all cases, and we show that these DASPs have high encapsulating efficiency of Nile Red due to their high DoB and high biocompatibility due to their hydroxyl-rich nature after ketal removal, as well as high cell permeability that is molecular-weight-dependent. Introduced fluorophores such as fluorescein and difluoroboron 1,3-diphenylaminophenyl β-diketonate with suitable excitation wavelengths may turn the DASPs into stable, endosome-staining fluorophores with ultra-large Stokes shifts, narrowed emission bands, and suitability for long-term cellular tracing. Moreover, the scaffold can encapsulate antibiotic molecules and deliver them into phagolysosomes for efficient elimination of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus, which is insensitive toward many antibiotics but is a key target for the clinical success of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection treatment. Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus could be improved to >99.9% for chloramphenicol at 32 μg/mL with 450 μg/mL DASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Silei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiangyu Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Liu X, Wang L, Gitsov I. Novel Amphiphilic Dendronized Copolymers Formed by Enzyme-Mediated "Green" Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1706-1720. [PMID: 33684291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first enzyme-mediated polymerization of dendritic macromonomers. The enzyme substrates are prepared by "click" conjugation between tyrosine and hydrophilic triethylene glycol (TrEG)-based dendrons of three generations (G1, G2, and G3). The resulting enzyme-polymerizable dendrons are defect-free as revealed by mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques. The phenol-containing macromonomers are water soluble and their polymerizations into dendronized polymers (denpols) are catalyzed by laccase (an oxidoreductase) under benign conditions (45 °C and aqueous medium at pH = 4.0) with copolymer yields between 30 and 40%. The resulting denpols consist of unnatural poly(tyrosine) backbones and dendritic poly(ether-ester) side chains and have molecular masses up to ∼13 000 Da (generation 1), ∼20 000 Da (generation 2), and ∼36 000 Da (generation 3) determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses. They display amphiphilic properties and self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form aggregates with generation-dependent morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering Materials (SDEPC), State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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Hydroxyapatite-poly(d,l-lactide) Nanografts. Synthesis and Characterization as Bone Cement Additives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020424. [PMID: 33467439 PMCID: PMC7830310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the creation of hydroxyapatite/polyester nanografts by “graft-from” polymerization of d,l-lactide with [Ca5(OH)(PO4)3]2 as the initiator and tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate as the catalyst. Model polymerizations were performed with cyclooctanol as initiator to confirm the grafting on the surface of the hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Polymers with the highest molecular mass (Mn) between 4250 Da (cyclooctanol) and 6100 Da (hydroxyapatite) were produced. In both cases the molecular mass distributions of the polymers formed were monomodal. The materials obtained were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermal methods. Their suitability as additives for commercial bone cement (Simplex P Speedset, Stryker Orthopaedics) has been confirmed by thermal analysis techniques and mechanical testing. The results obtained show that addition of the hydroxyapatite/ polyester nanografts improved both thermal and mechanical properties of the bone cement.
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Gonzaga RV, do Nascimento LA, Santos SS, Machado Sanches BA, Giarolla J, Ferreira EI. Perspectives About Self-Immolative Drug Delivery Systems. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3262-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Zhang S, Lloveras V, Pulido D, Liko F, Pinto LF, Albericio F, Royo M, Vidal-Gancedo J. Radical Dendrimers Based on Biocompatible Oligoethylene Glycol Dendrimers as Contrast Agents for MRI. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E772. [PMID: 32823903 PMCID: PMC7464757 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CA) with the same or even better paramagnetic properties is crucial to overcome their established toxicity. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of entirely organic metal-free paramagnetic macromolecules based on biocompatible oligoethylene glycol dendrimers fully functionalized with 5 and 20 organic radicals (OEG Gn-PROXYL (n = 0, 1) radical dendrimers) with the aim to be used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Conferring high water solubility on such systems is often a concern, especially in large generation dendrimers. Our approach to overcome such an issue in this study is by synthesizing dendrimers with highly water-soluble branches themselves. In this work, we show that the highly water-soluble OEG Gn-PROXYL (n = 0, 1) radical dendrimers obtained showed properties that convert them in good candidates to be studied as contrast agents for MRI applications like diagnosis and follow-up of infectious diseases, among others. Importantly, with the first generation radical dendrimer, a similar r1 relaxivity value (3.4 mM-1s-1) in comparison to gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) used in clinics (3.2 mM-1s-1, r.t. 7T) has been obtained, and it has been shown to not be cytotoxic, avoiding the toxicity risks associated with the unwanted accumulation of Gd in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (S.Z.); (V.L.); (F.L.); (L.F.P.)
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (S.Z.); (V.L.); (F.L.); (L.F.P.)
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN c/ Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.); (F.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Flonja Liko
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (S.Z.); (V.L.); (F.L.); (L.F.P.)
| | - Luiz F. Pinto
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (S.Z.); (V.L.); (F.L.); (L.F.P.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN c/ Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.); (F.A.); (M.R.)
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Miriam Royo
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN c/ Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.); (F.A.); (M.R.)
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (S.Z.); (V.L.); (F.L.); (L.F.P.)
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8
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Liu X, Gitsov I. Nonionic Amphiphilic Linear Dendritic Block Copolymers. Solvent-Induced Self-Assembly and Morphology Tuning. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse 13210, United States
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9
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Liu X, Gitsov I. Thermosensitive Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers with Embedded Metal Binding Sites. Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M.
Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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10
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Lancelot A, González-Pastor R, Clavería-Gimeno R, Romero P, Abian O, Martín-Duque P, Serrano JL, Sierra T. Cationic poly(ester amide) dendrimers: alluring materials for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3956-3968. [PMID: 32254324 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel cationic poly(ester amide) dendrimers have been synthesized by copper(i) azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of a tripropargylamine core and azide-terminated dendrons, in turn prepared by iterative amide coupling of the new monomer 2,2'-bis(glycyloxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-GMPA). The alternation of ester and amide groups provided a dendritic scaffold that was totally biocompatible and degradable in aqueous media at physiological and acidic pH. The tripodal dendrimers naturally formed rounded aggregates with a drug that exhibited low water solubility, camptothecin, thus improving its cell viability and anti-Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) activity. The presence of numerous peripheral cationic groups enabled these dendrimers to form dendriplexes with both pDNA and siRNA and they showed effective in vitro siRNA transfection in tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lancelot
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Patil NG, Basutkar NB, Ambade AV. Copper and silver nanoparticles stabilized by bistriazole-based dendritic amphiphile micelles for 4-nitrophenol reduction. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper and silver nanoparticles stabilized on dendritic amphiphiles catalyzed 4-nitrophenol reduction at the ppm level, with particle size influencing catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganath G. Patil
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Dr Homi Bhabha Road
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Nitin B. Basutkar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Dr Homi Bhabha Road
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Ashootosh V. Ambade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Dr Homi Bhabha Road
- Pune-411008
- India
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12
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Barmare F, Abadjian MCZ, Wiener EC, Grotjahn DB. Azide Tripodal Dendrons from Behera’s Amine and Their Clicked Dendrimers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6779-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Barmare
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San
Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Marie-Caline Z. Abadjian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San
Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Erik C. Wiener
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San
Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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13
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Wright JR, Crowley JD, Lucas NT. Carbon-rich “Click” 1,2,3-triazoles: hexaphenylbenzene and hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-based ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12976-12979. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Routes to polyaromatic 1,2,3-triazole ligands have been developed, their [PdCl2L2] complexes characterised and assessed as precatalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Wright
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | | | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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14
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Durán-Lara EF, Marple JL, Giesen JA, Fang Y, Jordan JH, Godbey WT, Marican A, Santos LS, Grayson SM. Investigation of Lysine-Functionalized Dendrimers as Dichlorvos Detoxification Agents. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3434-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban F. Durán-Lara
- Laboratory
of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources;
Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, Fraunhofer Chile
Research Foundation - Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Talca University, P.O.
Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adolfo Marican
- Laboratory
of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources;
Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, Fraunhofer Chile
Research Foundation - Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Talca University, P.O.
Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Leonardo S. Santos
- Laboratory
of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources;
Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, Fraunhofer Chile
Research Foundation - Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Talca University, P.O.
Box 747, Talca, Chile
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Álvarez CM, Barbero H, Miguel D. Multivalent Molecular Shuttles - Effect of Increasing the Number of Centers in Switchable Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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García-Gallego S, Nyström AM, Malkoch M. Chemistry of multifunctional polymers based on bis-MPA and their cutting-edge applications. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Bédard M, Avti PK, Lam T, Rouleau L, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Conjugation of multivalent ligands to gold nanoshells and designing a dual modality imaging probe. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1788-1800. [PMID: 32262252 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of branched tetraethylene glycol (TEG) based ligands for subsequent conjugation to gold nanoshells are reported. TEG enhances the aqueous solubility of hollow gold nanoshells (HAuNShs), and the branched architecture provides stability. An examination of the supernatant of the surface displacement reaction shows that the structure of the ligand plays an important role in the functionalization of HAuNShs. The binding of multivalent ligands leads to rupturing of the gold nanoshell architecture; most probably due to the large dendron not compensating the replacement of small citrate capping agents. The construction of a probe with dual imaging capabilities is demonstrated by covalent linking of a dendron containing Cy5.5A dye to gold nanoshells. It leads to fluorescence quenching of Cy5.5A by the gold nanoshells, as evidenced in solution and in cellular internalization studies with J774 and bEnd.3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bédard
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Sun X, Lindner JP, Bruchmann B, Schlüter AD. Synthesis of Neutral, Water-Soluble Oligo–Ethylene Glycol-Containing Dendronized Homo- and Copolymers of Generations 1, 1.5, 2, and 3. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5017192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute
of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI J 541 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Hönggerberg
Campus, CH 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- JONAS—Joint Research Network on Advanced Materials and Systems—The European Post Doc Initiative of BASF and Academia, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Lindner
- Advanced
Materials and Systems Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bernd Bruchmann
- JONAS—Joint Research Network on Advanced Materials and Systems—The European Post Doc Initiative of BASF and Academia, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced
Materials and Systems Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Institute
of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI J 541 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Hönggerberg
Campus, CH 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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