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Csányi E, Hammond DB, Bower B, Johnson EC, Lishchuk A, Armes SP, Dong Z, Leggett GJ. XPS Depth-Profiling Studies of Chlorophyll Binding to Poly(cysteine methacrylate) Scaffolds in Pigment-Polymer Antenna Complexes Using a Gas Cluster Ion Source. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14527-14539. [PMID: 38954522 PMCID: PMC11256746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling with an argon gas cluster ion source (GCIS) was used to characterize the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl) within a poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) brush grown by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from a planar surface. The organization of Chl is controlled by adjusting the brush grafting density and polymerization time. For dense brushes, the C, N, S elemental composition remains constant throughout the 36 nm brush layer until the underlying gold substrate is approached. However, for either reduced density brushes (mean thickness ∼20 nm) or mushrooms grown with reduced grafting densities (mean thickness 6-9 nm), elemental intensities decrease continuously throughout the brush layer, because photoelectrons are less strongly attenuated for such systems. For all brushes, the fraction of positively charged nitrogen atoms (N+/N0) decreases with increasing depth. Chl binding causes a marked reduction in N+/N0 within the brushes and produces a new feature at 398.1 eV in the N1s core-line spectrum assigned to tetrapyrrole ring nitrogen atoms coordinated to Zn2+. For all grafting densities, the N/S atomic ratio remains approximately constant as a function of brush depth, which indicates a uniform distribution of Chl throughout the brush layer. However, a larger fraction of repeat units bound to Chl is observed at lower grafting densities, reflecting a progressive reduction in steric congestion that enables more uniform distribution of the bulky Chl units throughout the brush layer. In summary, XPS depth-profiling using a GCIS is a powerful tool for characterization of these complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Csányi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Deborah B. Hammond
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Bower
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Anna Lishchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
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2
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Brotherton EE, Johnson EC, Smallridge MJ, Hammond DB, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Hydrophilic Aldehyde-Functional Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Bioapplications. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2070-2080. [PMID: 36938510 PMCID: PMC10018759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) is used to polymerize a cis-diol-functional methacrylic monomer (herein denoted GEO5MA) from planar silicon wafers. Ellipsometry studies indicated dry brush thicknesses ranging from 40 to 120 nm. The hydrophilic PGEO5MA brush is then selectively oxidized using sodium periodate to produce an aldehyde-functional hydrophilic PAGEO5MA brush. This post-polymerization modification strategy provides access to significantly thicker brushes compared to those obtained by surface-initiated ARGET ATRP of the corresponding aldehyde-functional methacrylic monomer (AGEO5MA). The much slower brush growth achieved in the latter case is attributed to the relatively low aqueous solubility of the AGEO5MA monomer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that precursor PGEO5MA brushes were essentially fully oxidized to the corresponding PAGEO5MA brushes within 30 min of exposure to a dilute aqueous solution of sodium periodate at 22 °C. PAGEO5MA brushes were then functionalized via Schiff base chemistry using an amino acid (histidine), followed by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. Subsequent XPS analysis indicated that the mean degree of histidine functionalization achieved under optimized conditions was approximately 81%. Moreover, an XPS depth profiling experiment confirmed that the histidine groups were uniformly distributed throughout the brush layer. Surface ζ potential measurements indicated a significant change in the electrophoretic behavior of the zwitterionic histidine-functionalized brush relative to that of the non-ionic PGEO5MA precursor brush. The former brush exhibited cationic character at low pH and anionic character at high pH, with an isoelectric point being observed at around pH 7. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated minimal adsorption of a model globular protein (BSA) on a PGEO5MA brush-coated substrate, whereas strong protein adsorption via Schiff base chemistry occurred on a PAGEO5MA brush-coated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Brotherton
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Deborah B. Hammond
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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3
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Sarlin E, Palola S, Andersson GG, Yin Y, Stojcevski F, Henderson LC. Mixed Surface Chemistry on Carbon Fibers to Promote Adhesion in Epoxy and PMMA Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Randall
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Essi Sarlin
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarianna Palola
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Filip Stojcevski
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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4
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Sun J, Hong YL, Wang C, Tan ZW, Liu CM. Main-chain/Side-chain type Phosphine Oxide-Containing Reactive Polymers Derived from same Monomer: Controllable RAFT Polymerisation and ring-opening Polycondensation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and selective polymerisations of an epoxy-rich phosphine oxide-containing styrenic monomer, namely 4-vinylbenzyl-bis((oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)methyl) phosphine oxide (VBzBOPO). The styryl and epoxy functionalities could be polymerized independently through...
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5
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Oxygen Interactions with Covalently Grafted 2D Nanometric Carboxyphenyl Thin Films—An Experimental and DFT Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification is a hot topic in electrochemistry and material sciences because it affects the way materials are used. In this paper, a method for covalently attaching carboxyphenyl (PhCOOH) groups to a gold electrode is presented. These groups were grafted onto the electrode surface electrochemically via reduction of aryldiazonium salt. The resulting grafted surface was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) before and after the functionalization procedure to validate the presence of the grafted layer. The grafting of PhCOOH groups was confirmed by analyzing electrode thickness and composition by ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the grafted layers provide a stable platform and resolved, for the first time, their interactions with oxygen.
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6
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Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F, Marić M. Epoxy-based triblock, diblock, gradient and statistical copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates by nitroxide mediated polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Ramírez‐Chan DE, Fragoso R, Díaz‐Sánchez BR, González FJ. Role of the Supporting Electrolyte Ions and Additives on the Electron Transport Properties of Electrografted Films Bearing Ferrocenyl Moieties. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Ramírez‐Chan
- Departamento de Química >Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 C.P. 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Rogelio Fragoso
- Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 C.P. 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Blanca R. Díaz‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Química >Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 C.P. 07360 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Felipe J. González
- Departamento de Química >Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 C.P. 07360 Mexico City Mexico
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9
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Zhang S, Liu W, Wu Z, Chen H. Tri-functional platform for the facile construction of dual-functional surfaces via a one-pot strategy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5602-5605. [PMID: 32525197 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scope of simultaneously introducing two new functionalities into the same polymeric substrate is largely limited to facile grafting approaches. Here, we designed a novel tri-functional platform and facilely constructed dual-functional surfaces in one pot by combining the "sulfur(vi)-fluoride exchange" (SuFEx) click reaction, photoinitiated polymerization and benzophenone photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Type Urbanization and Social Governance of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Wenying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Type Urbanization and Social Governance of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Type Urbanization and Social Governance of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for New Type Urbanization and Social Governance of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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10
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Buhl KB, Agergaard AH, Lillethorup M, Nikolajsen JP, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Polymer Brush Coating and Adhesion Technology at Scale. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1475. [PMID: 32630138 PMCID: PMC7407671 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating strong joints between dissimilar materials for high-performance hybrid products places high demands on modern adhesives. Traditionally, adhesion relies on the compatibility between surfaces, often requiring the use of primers and thick bonding layers to achieve stable joints. The coatings of polymer brushes enable the compatibilization of material surfaces through precise control over surface chemistry, facilitating strong adhesion through a nanometer-thin layer. Here, we give a detailed account of our research on adhesion promoted by polymer brushes along with examples from industrial applications. We discuss two fundamentally different adhesive mechanisms of polymer brushes, namely (1) physical bonding via entanglement and (2) chemical bonding. The former mechanism is demonstrated by e.g., the strong bonding between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brush coated stainless steel and bulk PMMA, while the latter is shown by e.g., the improved adhesion between silicone and titanium substrates, functionalized by a hydrosilane-modified poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush. This review establishes that the clever design of polymer brushes can facilitate strong bonding between metals and various polymer materials or compatibilize fillers or nanoparticles with otherwise incompatible polymeric matrices. To realize the full potential of polymer brush functionalized materials, we discuss the progress in the synthesis of polymer brushes under ambient and scalable industrial conditions, and present recent developments in atom transfer radical polymerization for the large-scale production of brush-modified materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Birk Buhl
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (K.B.B.); (A.H.A.); (J.P.N.)
| | - Asger Holm Agergaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (K.B.B.); (A.H.A.); (J.P.N.)
| | | | - Jakob Pagh Nikolajsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (K.B.B.); (A.H.A.); (J.P.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (K.B.B.); (A.H.A.); (J.P.N.)
- Radisurf ApS, Arresoevej 5B, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
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11
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Agergaard AH, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Stimuli-responsive degrafting of polymer brushes via addressable catecholato-metal attachments. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00916d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface attached catecholato-metal complexes serve as polymer brush initiators with well-defined densities and enable stimuli-responsive degrafting of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
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12
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Lazutin AA, Kosmachev AN, Vasilevskaya VV. Lamellae and parking garage structures in amphiphilic homopolymer brushes with different grafting densities. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154903. [PMID: 31640361 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of polymer layers of amphiphilic homopolymers tightly grafted to a flat surface at the nodes of a square lattice. It was shown that, due to the amphiphilicity of monomer units containing groups with different affinities, in a selective solvent, such layers form lamellae perpendicular to the grafting surface. The period of the lamellae depends on the grafting density and the quality of the solvent. The results are presented in the form of a state diagram in variables "the energy of attraction of the side groups" (effective solvent quality) and "the distance between the grafting points" (inversely proportional to the square root of the grafting density). The diagram contains the regions of stability of lamellae with significantly different periods, and a transitional area with a parking garage structure. The diagram is constructed by calculating the layer-by-layer structure factor and the angle of inclination of the lamellae in the slice. The calculations were performed for different sizes of the simulation box, and the most commensurate size was determined by a special procedure for each grafting density. The results may be interesting not only to specialists in polymer science but also to all those who investigate the processes of self-organization and rearrangement in dense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A Lazutin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei N Kosmachev
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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13
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Peng H, Rübsam K, Hu C, Jakob F, Schwaneberg U, Pich A. Stimuli-Responsive Poly( N-Vinyllactams) with Glycidyl Side Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Conjugation with Enzymes. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:992-1006. [PMID: 30608144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of new reactive stimuli-responsive polymers by RAFT copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and three cyclic N-vinyllactam derivatives. The copolymerization process was thoroughly investigated and the influence of the steric hindrance originating from the monomer structure of cyclic N-vinyllactams on the polymerization process and the properties of obtained copolymers were studied. A series of water-soluble copolymers with variable chemical composition, controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersity ( Đ) were synthesized and their properties are systematically investigated. Experimentally determined cloud points for different copolymers in aqueous solutions indicate shift of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) to lower values with the increase of GMA content in copolymers and increase of the lactam ring size. The obtained reactive stimuli-responsive copolymers can be efficiently used for encapsulation of cellulase in water-in-oil emulsions forming biohybrid nanogels. The enzymes entrapped in nanogels demonstrated significantly improved resistance against harsh store conditions, chaotropic agents, and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
| | - Kristin Rübsam
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
| | - Chaolei Hu
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- Institute for Biotechnology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute for Biotechnology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Aachen , Germany
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14
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Reese CM, Thompson BJ, Logan PK, Stafford CM, Blanton M, Patton DL. Sequential and one-pot post-polymerization modification reactions of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polym Chem 2019; 10:10.1039/c9py01123d. [PMID: 32117471 PMCID: PMC7047779 DOI: 10.1039/c9py01123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiolactone chemistry has garnered significant attention as a powerful post-polymerization modification (PPM) route to mutlifunctional polymeric materials. Here, we apply this versatile chemistry to the fabrication of ultrathin, multifunctional polymer surfaces via aminolysis and thiol-mediated double modifications of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polymer brush surfaces were synthesized via microwave-assisted surface-initiated polymerization of DL-homocysteine thiolactone acrylamide. Aminolysis and thiol-Michael double modifications of the thiolactone-functional brush were explored using both sequential and one-pot reactions with bromobenzyl amine and 1H,1H-perfluoro-N-decyl acrylate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and argon gas cluster ion sputter depth profiling enabled quantitative comparison of the sequential and one-pot PPM routes with regard to conversion and spatial distribution of functional groups immobilized throughout thickness of the brush. While one-pot conditions proved to be more effective in immobilizing the amine and acrylate within the brush, the sequenital reaction enabled the fabrication of multifunctional, micropattterned brush surfaces using reactive microcontact printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Reese
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Brittany J Thompson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Phillip K Logan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Christopher M Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Michael Blanton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Derek L Patton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
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15
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Buhl K, Møller RK, Heide-Jørgensen S, Kolding AN, Kongsfelt M, Budzik MK, Hinge M, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Highly Efficient Rubber-to-Stainless Steel Bonding by Nanometer-Thin Cross-linked Polymer Brushes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17511-17519. [PMID: 31458355 PMCID: PMC6643628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stainless steel (SS) surfaces were grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes that were post-modified using allylamine, diallylamine, and propylamine as reagents. Likewise, poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] brushes were synthesized. All samples were compression molded with uncured ethylene-propylene-diene M-class rubber and dicumyl peroxide and vulcanized for 12 min at 170 °C. The efficiency of the novel bonding solution was evaluated through peel experiments. Two parameters, the fracture toughness () and the cohesive-to-adhesive fracture ratio (A r), were calculated to evaluate the strength and the performance of the coupling, respectively. For the nanometer-thin PGMA films modified with allylamine, in particular, full cohesive fracture was obtained. The obtained values of (15.4 ± 1.1 N mm-1) and A r (1.00 ± 0.01) matched those obtained for a micrometer-thick commercial bonding agent. Cross-linking of polymer brushes by intermolecular reactions by the primary amines proved to have a significant impact on the type of fracture (cohesive/adhesive) and the performance of the adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian
Birk Buhl
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Carbon Dioxide Activation Center
(CADIAC), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Krag Møller
- Department
of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Simon Heide-Jørgensen
- Department
of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Michal Kazimierz Budzik
- Department
of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Mogens Hinge
- Department
of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Carbon Dioxide Activation Center
(CADIAC), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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16
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Pei M, Jia X, Li G, Liu P. Versatile Polymeric Microspheres with Tumor Microenvironment Bioreducible Degradation, pH-Activated Surface Charge Reversal, pH-Triggered “off–on” Fluorescence and Drug Release as Theranostic Nanoplatforms. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:227-237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Stroylova Y, Sorokina S, Stroylov V, Melnikova A, Gaillard C, Shifrina Z, Haertlé T, Muronetz VI. Spontaneous formation of nanofilms under interaction of 4th generation pyrydylphenylene dendrimer with proteins. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Kubo T, Easterling CP, Olson RA, Sumerlin BS. Synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers via sequential post-polymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights recent developments in the synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers, i.e., homopolymers with multiple pendent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Rebecca A. Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
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19
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Liu X, Tian R, Liu D, Wang Z. Development of Sphere-Polymer Brush Hierarchical Nanostructure Substrates for Fabricating Microarrays with High Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38101-38108. [PMID: 28990756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sphere-polymer brush hierarchical nanostructure-modified glass slide has been developed for fabricating high-performance microarrays. The substrate consists of a uniform 160 nm silica particle-self-assembled monolayer on a glass slide with a postcoated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brush layer (termed PGMA@3D(160) substrate), which can provide three-dimensional (3D) polymer brushes containing abundant epoxy groups for directly immobilizing various biomolecules. As a typical example, the interactions of three monosaccharides (4-aminophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside, 4-aminophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside, and 4-aminophenyl α-d-mannopyranoside) with two lectins (biotinylated ricinus communis agglutinin 120 and biotinylated concanavalin A from Canavalia ensiformis) have been assessed by PGMA@3D(160) substrate-based carbohydrate microarrays. The carbohydrate microarrays show good selectivity, strong multivalent interaction, and low limit of detection (LOD) in the picomolar range without any signal amplification. Furthermore, the proposed sphere-polymer brush hierarchical nanostructure substrates can be easily extended to fabricate other types of microarrays for DNA and protein detection. PGMA@3D(160) substrate-based microarrays exhibit higher reaction efficiencies and lower LODs (by at least 1 order of magnitude) in comparison to those of two-dimensional microarrays, which are fabricated on planar epoxy substrates, making it a promising platform for bioanalytical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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20
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Koefoed L, Vase KH, Stenlid JH, Brinck T, Yoshimura Y, Lund H, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. On the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Aryl Radicals Using Electrochemical and Theoretical Approaches. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karina H. Vase
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Joakim H. Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yuichi Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henning Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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21
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Cheng W, Kong F, Fan D, Li L, Wang W. Silica stationary phase functionalized by 4-carboxy-benzoboroxole with enhanced boronate affinity nature for selective capture and separation of cis-diol compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Kumar SK, Benicewicz BC, Vaia RA, Winey KI. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Are Polymer Nanocomposites Practical for Applications? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Muzammil E, Khan A, Stuparu MC. Post-polymerization modification reactions of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11093f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single and multiple post-polymerization modifications of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffold through the nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of the pendent epoxide groups are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzah M. Muzammil
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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25
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Geiselhart CM, Offenloch JT, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Polybutadiene Functionalization via an Efficient Avenue. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1146-1151. [PMID: 35658174 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a facile and quantitative postpolymerization functionalization methodology for 1,4-polybutadienes, allowing us to decorate their pendent alkene functionalities with bromine and alkoxyether motifs carrying an array of functional groups ranging from tetrazoles to pyrenes. Specifically, the approach makes use of a mild, metal-free, electrophilic cascade reaction employing N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), a cyclic ether (i.e., THF), and a functional carboxylic acid. Detailed NMR, SEC, and ATR-IR studies confirm the successful modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janin T. Offenloch
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Heimburger D, Gam-Derouich S, Decorse P, Mangeney C, Pinson J. Reversible Trapping of Functional Molecules at Interfaces Using Diazonium Salts Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9714-9721. [PMID: 27589560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing thin polymeric films for trapping, releasing, delivering, and sensing molecules is important for many applications in chemistry, biotechnology, and environment. Hence, a facile and scalable technique for loading specific molecules on surfaces would rapidly translate into applications. This work presents a novel method for the trapping of functional molecules at interfaces by exploiting diazonium salt chemistry. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach by trapping two different molecules, 4-nitrobenzophenone and paracetamol, within polycarboxyphenyl layers grafted on gold and glassy carbon (GC) and by releasing them in acidic medium. The former molecule was chosen as a proof of concept for its electrochemical and spectroscopic properties, and the latter one was selected as an example of a pharmaceutical molecule. Advantages of the present approach rely on the simplicity, rapidity, and efficiency of the procedure for the reversible, on demand, trapping and release of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Heimburger
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Sarra Gam-Derouich
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
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27
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Nielsen SU, Koefoed L, Lund H, Daasbjerg K, Pedersen SU. Wohl-Ziegler Bromination of Electrografted Films for Optimizing Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Urth Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henning Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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28
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Larin DE, Lazutin AA, Govorun EN, Vasilevskaya VV. Self-Assembly into Strands in Amphiphilic Polymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7000-7008. [PMID: 27267357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules end-grafted to a plane surface is studied using mean-field theory and computer simulations. Chain backbones are built from hydrophobic groups, whereas side groups are hydrophilic. The brush is immersed in a solvent, which can be good or poor, but on average is not far from θ conditions. It is demonstrated that the strong amphiphilicity of macromolecules at a monomer unit level leads to their self-assembly into a system of strands with a 2D hexagonal order in a cross-section parallel to the grafting plane. The structure period is determined by the length of side groups. In theory, this effect is explained by the orientation of strongly amphiphilic monomer units at a strand/solvent boundary that leads to an effective negative contribution to the surface tension. Computer simulations with molecular dynamics (MD) are used for a detailed study of the local brush structure. The aggregation number of strands grows with the increase of the grafting density and side group length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil E Larin
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei A Lazutin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS , Vavilova str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena N Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS , Vavilova str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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29
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Ultra-fine silver nanoparticles dispersed in mono-dispersed amino functionalized poly glycidyl methacrylate based microspheres as an effective anti-bacterial agent. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Godman NP, DeLuca JL, McCollum SR, Schmidtke DW, Glatzhofer DT. Electrochemical Characterization of Layer-By-Layer Assembled Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine)/Enzyme Bioanodes for Glucose Sensor and Biofuel Cell Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3541-3551. [PMID: 26999756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenylhexyl- and ferrocenylpropyl-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (Fc-C6-LPEI, Fc-C3-LPEI) were used with periodate-modified glucose oxidase (p-GOX) in the layer-by-layer assembly of enzymatic bioanodes on gold. Fc-C6-LPEI/p-GOX and Fc-C3-LPEI/p-GOX films of 16 bilayers were capable of generating up to 381 ± 3 and 1417 ± 63 μA cm(-2), respectively, in response to glucose. These responses are greater than those of analogous bioanodes fabricated using conventional cross-linking techniques and are extremely high for planar, low surface area, single-enzyme electrodes. (Fc-C3-LPEI/p-GOX)8 films generated 86 ± 3 μW cm(-2) at pH 7.0 and 149 ± 7 μW cm(-2) at pH 5.0, when poised against an air-breathing platinum cathode in a compartment-less biofuel cell. An increase in power output with decreasing pH was shown to be a result of increases in the platinum cathode performance, indicating it is the rate-limiting electrode in the biofuel cells. The effect of fabrication wash time on the buildup of material at the electrode's surface was probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant potential amperometry. The use of electrochemical techniques as a diagnostic tool for studying the material deposition process is discussed. CV peak separation (ΔE), surface coverage of the electroactive ferrocene (ΓFc), and amperometric sensitivity of the enzyme to glucose (Jmax), studied as a function of numbers of bilayers, showed that physisorption of materials onto the surface results from initial patchy deposition, rather than in distinctly uniform layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Godman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡University of Oklahoma Biomedical Engineering Center, and §School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jared L DeLuca
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡University of Oklahoma Biomedical Engineering Center, and §School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Sean R McCollum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡University of Oklahoma Biomedical Engineering Center, and §School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡University of Oklahoma Biomedical Engineering Center, and §School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Daniel T Glatzhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡University of Oklahoma Biomedical Engineering Center, and §School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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31
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Lazutin AA, Govorun EN, Vasilevskaya VV, Khokhlov AR. New strategy to create ultra-thin surface layer of grafted amphiphilic macromolecules. J Chem Phys 2016; 142:184904. [PMID: 25978911 DOI: 10.1063/1.4920973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found first that macromolecules made of amphiphilic monomer units could form spontaneously an ultra-thin layer on the surface which the macromolecules are grafted to. The width of such layer is about double size of monomer unit consisting of hydrophilic A (repulsive) and hydrophobic (attractive) B beads. The hydrophilic A beads are connected in a polymer chain while hydrophobic B beads are attached to A beads of the backbone as side groups. Three characteristic regimes are distinguished. At low grafting density, the macromolecules form ultra-thin micelles of the shape changing with decrease of distance d between grafting points as following: circular micelles-prolonged micelles-inverse micelles-homogeneous bilayer. Those micelles have approximately constant height and specific top-down A-BB-A structure. At higher grafting density, the micelles start to appear above the single bilayer of amphiphilic macromolecules. The thickness of grafted layer in these cases is different in different regions of grafting surface. Only at rather high density of grafting, the height of macromolecular layer becomes uniform over the whole grafting surface. The study was performed by computer modeling experiments and confirmed in framework of analytical theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lazutin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E N Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Khokhlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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32
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Silver nanoparticles well-dispersed in amine-functionalized, one-pot made vesicles as an effective antibacterial agent. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 60:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Hu XM, Salmi Z, Lillethorup M, Pedersen EB, Robert M, Pedersen SU, Skrydstrup T, Daasbjerg K. Controlled electropolymerisation of a carbazole-functionalised iron porphyrin electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5864-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00982d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward electrochemical approach is presented by which iron porphyrin catalysts may be immobilised inside a CO2 absorbing microporous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Hu
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Zakaria Salmi
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Mie Lillethorup
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | | | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Université CNRS 7591
- 75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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34
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Salmi-Mani H, Ait-Touchente Z, Lamouri A, Carbonnier B, Caron JF, Benzarti K, Chehimi MM. Diazonium salt-based photoiniferter as a new efficient pathway to clay–polymer nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14713e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazonium salts were used to prepare clay–polymer nanocomposites by living free radical photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate. The resulting intercalated nanocomposites have an organic mass loading of ∼41 wt% and a polymer-rich surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aazdine Lamouri
- Univ Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086 CNRS
- 75013 Paris
| | | | | | - Karim Benzarti
- Univ Paris-Est
- IFSTTAR
- MAST
- F-77447 Marne la Vallée, Cedex 2
- France
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35
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Han B, Zhang L, Zhang H, Ding H, Liu B, Wang X. One-pot synthesis and postpolymerization functionalization of cyclic carbonate/epoxide-difunctional polycarbonates prepared by regioselective diepoxide/CO2 copolymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00563b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycarbonate with cyclic carbonate and epoxide-difunctional groups is synthesized via a copolymerization of 4-VCHO and CO2 in one-step, which possess high Tg and afford a versatile platform for the post-functionalziation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Polymer Science
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Huining Ding
- Department of Polymer Science
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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36
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Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Zhai X, Yu H, Wang L, Deng Z, Abdin ZU, Tong R, Yang X, Chen Y, Saleem M. Recent research progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of ferrocene-based derivatives and polymers with azobenzene. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zain-ul Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbai Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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38
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Wang S, Li Y, Liu H, Li J, Li T, Wu Y, Okada S, Nakanishi H. Topochemical polymerization of unsymmetrical aryldiacetylene supramolecules with nitrophenyl substituents utilizing C-H∙∙∙π interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5467-74. [PMID: 25875321 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diacetylenes are versatile building blocks, in which many functional groups can be incorporated for the construction of new materials with desirable properties. In this study, 6-(p or m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-hexadiyne-1-ol (4a or 4b) containing nitrophenyl groups (host) and 2-hydroxyethyl groups (guest) in different diacetylene terminals were designed to establish an ordered supramolecular assembly that is complied with the strict requirements for the topochemical polymerization of diacetylenes. Crystal film and bulk crystals of compound 4b were obtained successfully by cast film and re-precipitation methods. Both of these could photopolymerize to the corresponding regular poly(diacetylene) polymer, as evidenced by UV-vis, IR, FL and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties and behaviors of 4a and 4b were also investigated, and the results show that the differences between the para and meta positions of the mono-phenylacetylene substituents probably result from the topochemical polymerization. Thus, m-nitrophenylbutadiyne derivatives with sizeable C-H∙∙∙π interactions seemed to be effective for the formation of a polymerizable packing, which is appropriate for topochemical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Lab of Advanced Information Materials of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou University, Kexuedadao100, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China.
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39
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Wolski K, Szuwarzyński M, Kopeć M, Zapotoczny S. Ordered photo- and electroactive thin polymer layers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Gadwal I, Stuparu MC, Khan A. Homopolymer bifunctionalization through sequential thiol–epoxy and esterification reactions: an optimization, quantification, and structural elucidation study. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01453g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we probe various aspects of a post-polymerization double-modification strategy involving sequential thiol–epoxy and esterification reactions for the preparation of dual-functional homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas Gadwal
- Department of Materials
- ETH-Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Materials
- ETH-Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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41
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Wang K, Zhang X, Zhang X, Ma C, Li Z, Huang Z, Zhang Q, Wei Y. Preparation of emissive glucose-containing polymer nanoparticles and their cell imaging applications. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water dispersible, bright and biocompatible fluorescent glycopolymer nanoparticles were facilely fabricated, and their cellular imaging application was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
| | - Chunping Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zengfang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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42
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Liu Y, Wang X, Song W, Wang G. Synthesis and characterization of silica nanoparticles functionalized with multiple TEMPO groups and investigation on their oxidation activity. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel silica nanoparticles functionalized with multiple TEMPO groups were synthesized using a novel, efficient and versatile protocol, and the catalytic activity of SN-g-(PGMA-TEMPO) was evaluated by the oxidation of benzylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Xuepu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Wenguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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