Benzoyl Phenyltelluride as Highly Reactive Visible-Light TERP-Reagent for Controlled Radical Polymerization

End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications

This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by tralen, an organomediator

An organic compound, tralen, has been developed as a mediator to control the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone via the reversible termination mechanism.

Chemiluminescence-Induced Free Radical-Promoted Cationic Polymerization

Chemiluminescence (CL) has recently been featured as a new external light source for various photoinduced reactions with attractive features such as eliminating continuous energy supply and advanced light source setups. In the present study, the free-radical-promoted cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, n-butyl vinyl ether, and N-vinyl carbazole under CL irradiation is described. The method is based on the visible-light-induced generation of electron donor radicals from bis-(4-methoxybenzoyl)diethyl germane (BAG), bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenyl phosphinate, and camphorquinone by CL illumination followed by electron transfer to diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph₂ I⁺ PF₆ ^- ) to form corresponding cations capable of initiating cationic polymerization. The applicability of the process to network formation is also demonstrated by using a bifunctional monomer, tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether.

Highly efficient dandelion-like near-infrared light photoinitiator for free radical and thiol-ene photopolymerizations

Efficient photopolymerization activated by nonharmful near-infrared (NIR) light is important for various biological applications. Here we propose a NIR light free-radical photoinitiator (PI) fabricated by incorporating oxime-ester coumarin functionality on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The coumarin groups of PI absorb the light emitted from the UCNP core, whereas the oxime ester groups undergo cleavage to form radicals. Upon irradiation at 980 nm, the mobile radicals, formed in a manner similar to that of dandelion seed release, initiate both free-radical and thiol-ene photopolymerizations. The superior efficiency of dandelion-like PIs assisted photopolymerizations can be attributed to the reduction of energy loss and increased local PI concentration due to Förster resonance energy transfer process and confinement effect, respectively. Moreover, the proposed PI system can initiate polymerization under low-power NIR laser and reduces the thermal side effects. The possibility of its potential use in deep curing applications was also demonstrated.

Visible light-induced free radical promoted cationic polymerization using organotellurium compounds

In the present study, visible light and sunlight-induced cationic polymerization of vinyl and cyclic ethers using organotellurium compounds is demonstrated.

Optimisation of Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerisation under Confinement, and the Formation of Block Copolymers in Mesoporous Films

Nature as the ultimate inspiration can direct, gate, and selectively transport species across channels to fulfil a specific targeted function. Harnessing such precision over local structure and functionality at the nanoscale is expected to lead to indispensable developments in synthetic channels for application in catalysis, filtration and sensing, and in drug delivery. By combining mesoporous materials with localised charge-switchable poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes, precisely controlling pore filling and exploring the possibility of incorporating two different responsive polymers, we hope to approach the precision control of natural systems in the absence of an external force. Here, we report a simple one-step approach to prepare a mesoporous silica thin film with ~8 nm pores functionalised with a photoiniferter by combining sol⁻gel chemistry and evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). We show that surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerisation (SI-PIMP) allows the incorporation of a high polymer content up to geometrical pore blocking by the simple application of UV light in the presence of a monomer and solvent, proceeding in a controlled manner in pore sizes below 10 nm, with the potential to tune the material properties through the formation of surface-grafted block copolymers.

Visible-light-induced living radical polymerization using in situ bromine-iodine transformation as an internal boost

A new visible-light-induced methodology, termed as “bromine-iodine transformation activated living radical polymerization”, was successfully established to build a “bridge” between ATRP and iodine-mediated LRP techniques.

Light-Controlled Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications

The use of light to mediate controlled radical polymerization has emerged as a powerful strategy for rational polymer synthesis and advanced materials fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive survey of photocontrolled, living radical polymerizations (photo-CRPs). From the perspective of mechanism, all known photo-CRPs are divided into either (1) intramolecular photochemical processes or (2) photoredox processes. Within these mechanistic regimes, a large number of methods are summarized and further classified into subcategories based on the specific reagents, catalysts, etc., involved. To provide a clear understanding of each subcategory, reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, applications of photo-CRP reported so far, which include surface fabrication, particle preparation, photoresponsive gel design, and continuous flow technology, are summarized. We hope this review will not only provide informative knowledge to researchers in this field but also stimulate new ideas and applications to further advance photocontrolled reactions.

Straightforward catalyst/solvent-free iodine-mediated living radical polymerization of functional monomers driven by visible light irradiation

A simple and highly efficient catalyst/solvent-free iodine-mediated polymerization system for functional monomers (DMAEMA, PEGMA and GMA) was successfully developed under irradiation of visible light or sunlight.

Catalyst-free iodine-mediated living radical polymerization under irradiation over a wide visible-light spectral scope

Catalyst-free iodine-mediated photo-induced solution LRP of methyl methacrylates under LED light was successfully established over a wide range of irradiation wavelengths (390–630 nm).

Iron-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization

This article reviews the preparation of polymers using iron-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization.

Amino and nitro substituted 2-amino-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-diones: as versatile photoinitiators of polymerization from violet-blue LED absorption to a panchromatic behavior

The well-designed 2-amino-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H)-dione derivatives exhibit an excellent photopolymerization ability upon LEDs.