1
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Luo L, Tang Z, Yang W, Liu D, Shen Z, Fan XH. Thickness-Dependent Photo-Aligned Thin-Film Morphologies of a Block Copolymer Containing an Azobenzene-Based Liquid Crystalline Polymer and a Poly(ionic liquid). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9774-9784. [PMID: 34342997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced alignment of the thin-film morphologies of azobenzene-containing block copolymers (BCPs) is an effective method to obtain a uniaxial pattern of nanocylinders. Although film thickness is an important factor affecting the self-assembly of BCP thin films, the influence of film thickness on the photo-induced alignment of BCP thin-film morphology has never been systematically studied. Herein, we report the thickness-dependent photo-aligned film morphologies of the BCP containing an azobenzene-based liquid crystalline polymer and a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), with a perfect uniaxial pattern of PIL nanocylinders. For films aligned with the unpolarized light (UPL), the out-of-plane PIL nanocylinders can be obtained in the film with a thickness of only 1L0 (∼30 nm, where L0 is the layer spacing of the hexagonally packed cylinder array), which is far lower than the thickness (more than 4L0) of the thermally annealed film needed to obtain the same morphology. This change is attributed to the orientation effect of UPL on azobenzene mesogens that suppresses the excluded volume effect. For the films aligned with linearly polarized light (LPL), to take advantage of the excluded volume effect to obtain the planar orientation of azobenzene mesogens, the thickness should be controlled to be no more than 3L0 to achieve an in-plane uniaxial alignment of PIL nanocylinders. The above relationship between the morphology and thickness of photo-aligned film eliminates the obstacles encountered in preparing films with well-ordered photo-aligned morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhehao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weilu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-He Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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3
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Sakaino H, Lamers BAG, Meskers SCJ, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Photo‐controlled alignment and helical organization in main‐chain liquid crystalline alternating polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakaino
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Electronic & Imaging Materials Research Laboratories Toray Industries, Inc. Otsu Japan
| | - Brigitte A. G. Lamers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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4
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Macroscopic Regulation of Hierarchical Nanostructures in Liquid-crystalline Block Copolymers towards Functional Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Matsunaga K, Kukai W, Ishizaki M, Kurihara M, Yamamoto S, Mitsuishi M, Yabu H, Nagano S, Matsui J. Formation of Perpendicularly Aligned Sub-10 nm Nanocylinders in Poly( N-dodecylacrylamide- b-ethylene glycol) Block Copolymer Films by Hierarchical Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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6
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Qu T, Guan S, Zheng X, Chen A. Perpendicularly aligned nanodomains on versatile substrates via rapid thermal annealing assisted by liquid crystalline ordering in block copolymer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1523-1530. [PMID: 36132323 PMCID: PMC9418532 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly ordered perpendicularly aligned cylindrical and lamellar microdomains within block copolymer (BCP) films have important applications in diverse fields. However, the fast normal orientation of self-assembled nanostructures on arbitrary substrates without tedious pre- and postprocessing has been a challenging issue in manufacturing miniaturized devices. Here, we outline the potential for extending the hierarchical self-assembly within azobenzene-containing PS-b-PMA(Az) films to inherently assist in the formation of normally aligned domains using a rapid thermal annealing process (140 °C for 5 min). Liquid crystalline (LC) mesogens in PS-b-PMA(Az) films self-assemble to form a parallelly aligned sematic phase after thermal annealing, as confirmed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. This sub-phase contributes to broadening of the PS-cylinder-phase window (0.083 ≤ f PS < 0.49) and ∼12 nm PS cylinder structures. Perpendicular cylinders or lamellae are observed on various substrates, such as silicon wafers, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and conductive aluminum foils. Additionally, the good reactive ion etching (RIE) rate difference between the two blocks makes these BCPs more attractive for advancing the field of BCP lithographic applications for fabricating flexible microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Song Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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7
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Chen Y, Huang S, Wang T, Yu H. Enhanced Ordering and Efficient Photoalignment of Nanostructures in Block Copolymers Enabled by Halogen Bond. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Spiridon MC, Demazy N, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Aissou K, Fleury G. Optical Alignment of Si-Containing Nanodomains Formed by Photoresponsive Amorphous Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Demazy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Karim Aissou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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9
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Tsujimoto Y, Sakurai T, Ono Y, Nagano S, Seki S. Cold Crystallization of Ferrocene-Hinged π-Conjugated Molecule Induced by the Limited Conformational Freedom of Ferrocene. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8325-8332. [PMID: 31498994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ono
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Nagano S. Random Planar Orientation in Liquid-Crystalline Block Copolymers with Azobenzene Side Chains by Surface Segregation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5673-5683. [PMID: 30096982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rodlike liquid-crystalline (LC) mesogens preferentially adopt a homeotropic orientation by excluded volume effects at the free surface in side-chain LC (SCLC) polymer films. The homeotropic orientation is not advantageous for in-plane LC alignment processes. Surface segregation of polymers is the phenomenon in which one component with a low surface free energy covers the surface in a mixture of two or more polymers or a block copolymer film. In SCLC block copolymer films, the surface segregation structure induces a random planar orientation due to the formation of a microphase-separated interface parallel to the substrate via the covering of one of the segregated polymer blocks. This feature article focuses on the unique, random planar orientation induced by the surface segregation of SCLC block copolymer films with the photoresponsive azobenzene (Az) mesogenic group. A transition moment of the Az mesogens is parallel to the molecular long axis, and light irradiation is conducted perpendicular to the film surface in general photoreaction processes. Therefore, the homeotropic molecular orientation in the SCLC polymer systems with Az mesogenic units inhibits efficient photoreaction reorientations in thin films. The random planar orientations by the surface segregation of a coil block in SCLC block polymers provide efficient in-plane photoreorientation and photoswitching with LC hierarchical mesostructures, such as microphase-separated structures of SCLC block copolymers and laminated LC polymer films. On the other hand, surface-segregated SCLC blocks form a high-density polymer LC brush layer with a random planar orientation by self-assembly, which exhibits efficient angular selective photoreactions. These approaches using the surface segregation of SCLC block copolymers are expected to offer new concepts for the LC photoalignment process for LC polymer devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Nagano
- Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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11
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Seki T. A Wide Array of Photoinduced Motions in Molecular and Macromolecular Assemblies at Interfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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12
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Nagano S. Surface and interface designs in side-chain liquid crystalline polymer systems for photoalignment. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Takahashi H, Nakano H. Emitting Behaviors of 1-Acetylaminopyrene Dispersed in Poly(vinyl acetate) Film. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2018. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.31.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology
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14
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Byun IJ, Lee JH, Jeong KU, Han YK. Synthesis of high χ block copolymers with LC moieties and PMMA segments using RAFT polymerization, and their nanostructure morphologies. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Nickmans K, Bögels GM, Sánchez-Somolinos C, Murphy JN, Leclère P, Voets IK, Schenning APHJ. 3D Orientational Control in Self-Assembled Thin Films with Sub-5 nm Features by Light. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701043. [PMID: 28736935 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While self-assembled molecular building blocks could lead to many next-generation functional organic nanomaterials, control over the thin-film morphologies to yield monolithic sub-5 nm patterns with 3D orientational control at macroscopic length scales remains a grand challenge. A series of photoresponsive hybrid oligo(dimethylsiloxane) liquid crystals that form periodic cylindrical nanostructures with periodicities between 3.8 and 5.1 nm is studied. The liquid crystals can be aligned in-plane by exposure to actinic linearly polarized light and out-of-plane by exposure to actinic unpolarized light. The photoalignment is most efficient when performed just under the clearing point of the liquid crystal, at which the cylindrical nanostructures are reoriented within minutes. These results allow the generation of highly ordered sub-5 nm patterns in thin films at macroscopic length scales, with control over the orientation in a noncontact fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Nickmans
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardus M Bögels
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jeffrey N Murphy
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Beppu K, Nagashima Y, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Photoalignment of Vertically Oriented Microphase Separated Lamellae in LC-LC Diblock Copolymer Thin Film. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Beppu
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Mituo Hara
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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17
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MUKAI K, IMAI K, HARA M, NAGANO S, SEKI T. Liquid Crystal Phase Behavior of a Polymer Brush Film with Azobenzene Side Chains. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji MUKAI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Kenjiro IMAI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Mitsuo HARA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
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18
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Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Light-Driven Liquid Crystalline Materials: From Photo-Induced Phase Transitions and Property Modulations to Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15089-15166. [PMID: 27936632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven phenomena both in living systems and nonliving materials have enabled truly fascinating and incredible dynamic architectures with terrific forms and functions. Recently, liquid crystalline materials endowed with photoresponsive capability have emerged as enticing systems. In this Review, we focus on the developments of light-driven liquid crystalline materials containing photochromic components over the past decade. Design and synthesis of photochromic liquid crystals (LCs), photoinduced phase transitions in LC, and photoalignment and photoorientation of LCs have been covered. Photomodulation of pitch, polarization, lattice constant and handedness inversion of chiral LCs is discussed. Light-driven phenomena and properties of liquid crystalline polymers, elastomers, and networks have also been analyzed. The applications of photoinduced phase transitions, photoalignment, photomodulation of chiral LCs, and photomobile polymers have been highlighted wherever appropriate. The combination of photochromism, liquid crystallinity, and fabrication techniques has enabled some fascinating functional materials which can be driven by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light irradiation. Nanoscale particles have been incorporated to widen and diversify the scope of the light-driven liquid crystalline materials. The developed materials possess huge potential for applications in optics, photonics, adaptive materials, nanotechnology, etc. The challenges and opportunities in this area are discussed at the end of the Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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19
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Epps Iii TH, O'Reilly RK. Block copolymers: controlling nanostructure to generate functional materials - synthesis, characterization, and engineering. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1674-1689. [PMID: 30155013 PMCID: PMC6090521 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03505h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we survey recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of block copolymers, discuss several key materials opportunities enabled by block copolymers, and highlight some of the challenges that currently limit further realization of block copolymers in promising nanoscale applications. One significant challenge, especially as the complexity and functionality of designer macromolecules increases, is the requirement of multiple complementary techniques to fully characterize the resultant polymers and nanoscale materials. Thus, we highlight select characterization and theoretical methods and discuss how future advances can improve understanding of block copolymer systems. In particular, we consider the application of theoretical/simulation methods to the rationalization, and prediction, of observed experimental self-assembly phenomena. Finally, we explore several next steps for the field and emphasize some general areas of emerging research that could unlock additional opportunities for nanostructure-forming block copolymers in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Epps Iii
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , USA .
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
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20
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Orientation and relaxation behaviors of lamellar microdomains of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate) thin films as revealed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Nagano S. Inducing Planar Orientation in Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Systems via Interfacial Control. CHEM REC 2016; 16:378-92. [PMID: 26775770 PMCID: PMC4770442 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For efficient photoresponses of liquid-crystal (LC) azobenzene (Az) polymer systems, planar LC orientation of the Az mesogenic group is required because the light irradiation process usually occurs with normal incidence to the film surface. However, LC molecules with a rodlike shape tend to orient perpendicularly to the film surface according to the excluded volume effect theory. This review introduces new approaches for inducing planar orientation in side-chain LC Az polymer films via interface and surface molecular designs. The planar orientation offers efficient in-plane photoalignment and photoswitching to hierarchical LC architectures from molecular LC mesogens and LC phases to mesoscopic microphase-separated structures. These approaches are expected to provide new concepts and possibilities in new LC polymer devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Liedel C, Lewin C, Tsarkova L, Böker A. Reversible Switching of Block Copolymer Nanopatterns by Orthogonal Electric Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:6058-6064. [PMID: 26449286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the orientation of striped patterns can be reversibly switched between two perpendicular in-plane orientations upon exposure to electric fields. The results on thin films of symmetric polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) polymer in the intermediate segregation regime disclose two types of reorientation mechanisms from perpendicular to parallel relative to the electric field orientation. Domains orient via grain rotation and via formation of defects such as stretched undulations and temporal phase transitions. The contribution of additional fields to the structural evolution is also addressed to elucidate the generality of the observed phenomena. In particular solvent effects are considered. This study reveals the stabilization of the meta-stable in-plane oriented lamella due to sequential swelling and quenching of the film. Further, the reorientation behavior of lamella domains blended with selective nanoparticles is addressed, which affect the interfacial tensions of the blocks and hence introduce another internal field to the studied system. Switching the orientation of aligned block copolymer patterns between two orthogonal directions may open new applications of nanomaterials as switchable electric nanowires or optical gratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Liedel
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Lewin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung (IAP), Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologien, Universität Potsdam, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Takeshima T, Liao WY, Nagashima Y, Beppu K, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Photoresponsive Surface Wrinkle Morphologies in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takeshima
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Wan-yu Liao
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koichiro Beppu
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Venture Business
Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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24
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Sano M, Shan F, Hara M, Nagano S, Shinohara Y, Amemiya Y, Seki T. Dynamic photoinduced realignment processes in photoresponsive block copolymer films: effects of the chain length and block copolymer architecture. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5918-5925. [PMID: 26119976 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of block copolymers composed of an amorphous poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) block connected with an azobenzene (Az)-containing liquid crystalline (PAz) block were synthesized by changing the chain length and polymer architecture. With these block copolymer films, the dynamic realignment process of microphase separated (MPS) cylinder arrays of PBMA in the PAz matrix induced by irradiation with linearly polarized light was studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and time-resolved grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GI-SAXS) measurements using a synchrotron beam. Unexpectedly, the change in the chain length hardly affected the realignment rate. In contrast, the architecture of the AB-type diblock or the ABA-type triblock essentially altered the realignment feature. The strongly cooperative motion with an induction period before realignment was characteristic only for the diblock copolymer series, and the LPL-induced alignment change immediately started for triblock copolymers and the PAz homopolymer. Additionally, a marked acceleration in the photoinduced dynamic motions was unveiled in comparison with a thermal randomization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sano
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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25
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Synthesis and microphase-separated nanostructures of P4VP-based amphiphilic liquid-crystalline block copolymer. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Sano M, Hara M, Nagano S, Shinohara Y, Amemiya Y, Seki T. New Aspects for the Hierarchical Cooperative Motions in Photoalignment Process of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sano
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinohara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 227-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Amemiya
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 227-8561, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular
Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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27
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Wang L, Pan X, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Tu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Zhou N, Zhu X. A Straightforward Protocol for the Highly Efficient Preparation of Main-Chain Azo Polymers Directly from Bisnitroaromatic Compounds by the Photocatalytic Process. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laibing Wang
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou
Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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