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Teator AJ, Varner TP, Knutson PC, Sorensen CC, Leibfarth FA. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: The Past, Present, and Future of Stereocontrolled Vinyl Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1638-1654. [PMID: 35617075 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermomechanical properties exhibited by synthetic macromolecules can be directly linked to their tacticity, or the relative stereochemistry of repeat units. The development of stereoselective coordination-insertion polymerization, for example, led to the discovery of isotactic polypropylene, now one of the most widely produced commodity plastics in the world. Widespread interest in controlling polymer tacticity has led to a variety of stereoselective polymerization methodologies; however, this area of polymer science has lagged behind when compared to the ability to control molecular weight, dispersity, and composition. Despite decades of advancements, many stereoregular vinyl polymers remain unknown, particularly those comprised of polar functionality or derived from renewable resources. This Viewpoint provides an overview of recent developments in stereocontrolled polymerization, with an emphasis on propagation mechanism, and highlights successes, limitations, and future challenges for continued innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Travis P. Varner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Phil C. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cole C. Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Vidal F, Chen EYX. Reactivity of Bridged and Nonbridged Zirconocenes toward Biorenewable Itaconic Esters and Anhydride. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Miyake GM, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Polymerizability of Exo
-methylene-lactide toward vinyl addition and ring opening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
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Salzinger S, Soller BS, Plikhta A, Seemann UB, Herdtweck E, Rieger B. Mechanistic Studies on Initiation and Propagation of Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13030-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Salzinger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Benedikt S. Soller
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Andriy Plikhta
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Uwe B. Seemann
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Anionic polymerization of biomass-derived furfuryl methacrylate: Controlling polymer tacticity and thermoreversibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua He
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Eugene Y. X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
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Del Rosal I, Tschan MJL, Gauvin RM, Maron L, Thomas CM. Supported neodymium catalysts for MMA polymerization: on the origin of surface-induced stereoselectivity. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00472k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang Y, Miyake GM, John MG, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Lewis pair polymerization by classical and frustrated Lewis pairs: acid, base and monomer scope and polymerization mechanism. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9119-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu Y, Gustafson LO, Zhu H, Chen EYX. Anionic polymerization of MMA and renewable methylene butyrolactones by resorbable potassium salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhang Y, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Hydride-Shuttling Chain-Transfer Polymerization of Methacrylates Catalyzed by Metallocenium Enolate Metallacycle−Hydridoborate Ion Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1572-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109775v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Miyake GM, Chen EYX. Synthesis of highly syndiotactic polymers by discrete catalysts or initiators. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miyake GM, DiRocco DA, Liu Q, Oberg KM, Bayram E, Finke RG, Rovis T, Chen EYX. Stereospecific Polymerization of Chiral Oxazolidinone-Functionalized Alkenes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101310n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Kevin M. Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Ercan Bayram
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
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Zhang Y, Ning Y, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Catalyst-Site-Controlled Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers to Highly Syndiotactic Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2695-709. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908818y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Yalan Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Miyake GM, Newton SE, Mariott WR, Chen EYX. Coordination polymerization of renewable butyrolactone-based vinyl monomers by lanthanide and early metal catalysts. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6710-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001909g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen EYX. Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Single-Site Metal Catalysts. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5157-214. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
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Miyake G, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Coordination−Addition Polymerization and Kinetic Resolution of Methacrylamides by Chiral Metallocene Catalysts. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802697z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Chen EYX. Transformation of polymerization of polar vinyl monomers by discrete and hybrid metal catalysts. Dalton Trans 2009:8784-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b912640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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