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Chervanyov AI. Effect of the Interplay between Polymer-Filler and Filler-Filler Interactions on the Conductivity of a Filled Diblock Copolymer System. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 38201769 PMCID: PMC10781002 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the relative roles of the involved interactions and micro-phase morphology in the formation of the conductive filler network in an insulating diblock copolymer (DBC) system. By incorporating the filler immersion energy obtained by means of the phase-field model of the DBC into the Monte Carlo simulation of the filler system, we determined the equilibrium distribution of fillers in the DBC that assumes the lamellar or cylindrical (hexagonal) morphology. Furthermore, we used the resistor network model to calculate the conductivity of the simulated filler system. The obtained results essentially depend on the complicated interplay of the following three factors: (i) Geometry of the DBC micro-phase, in which fillers are preferentially localized; (ii) difference between the affinities of fillers for dissimilar copolymer blocks; (iii) interaction between fillers. The localization of fillers in the cylindrical DBC micro-phase has been found to most effectively promote the conductivity of the composite. The effect of the repulsive and attractive interactions between fillers on the conductivity of the filled DBC has been studied in detail. It is quantitatively demonstrated that this effect has different significance in the cases when the fillers are preferentially localized in the majority and minority micro-phases of the cylindrical DBC morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Chervanyov
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Weisbord I, Segal-Peretz T. Revealing the 3D Structure of Block Copolymers with Electron Microscopy: Current Status and Future Directions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58003-58022. [PMID: 37338172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) are considered model systems for understanding and utilizing self-assembly in soft matter. Their tunable nanometric structure and composition enable comprehensive studies of self-assembly processes as well as make them relevant materials in diverse applications. A key step in developing and controlling BCP nanostructures is a full understanding of their three-dimensional (3D) structure and how this structure is affected by the BCP chemistry, confinement, boundary conditions, and the self-assembly evolution and dynamics. Electron microscopy (EM) is a leading method in BCP 3D characterization owing to its high resolution in imaging nanosized structures. Here we discuss the two main 3D EM methods: namely, transmission EM tomography and slice and view scanning EM tomography. We present each method's principles, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss ways researchers have devised to overcome some of the challenges in BCP 3D characterization with EM- from specimen preparation to imaging radiation-sensitive materials. Importantly, we review current and new cutting-edge EM methods such as direct electron detectors, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of soft matter, high temporal rate imaging, and single-particle analysis that have great potential for expanding the BCP understanding through EM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Weisbord
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Tan X, Li J, Guo S. Temperature-Dependent Order-to-Order Transition of Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-polystyrene Triblock Copolymer under Multilayered Confinement. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Jinnai H, Higuchi T, Zhuge X, Kumamoto A, Batenburg KJ, Ikuhara Y. Three-Dimensional Visualization and Characterization of Polymeric Self-Assemblies by Transmission Electron Microtomography. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1293-1302. [PMID: 28525260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling structures and their dynamical processes in polymeric systems have been investigated using three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (3D-TEM). Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into nanoscale periodic structures called microphase-separated structures, a deep understanding of which is important for creating nanomaterials with superior physical properties, such as high-performance membranes with well-defined pore size and high-density data storage media. Because microphase-separated structures have become increasingly complicated with advances in precision polymerization, characterizing these complex morphologies is becoming increasingly difficult. Thus, microscopes capable of obtaining 3D images are required. In this article, we demonstrate that 3D-TEM is an essential tool for studying BCP nanostructures, especially those self-assembled during dynamical processes and under confined conditions. The first example is a dynamical process called order-order transitions (OOTs). Upon changing temperature or pressure or applying an external field, such as a shear flow or electric field, BCP nanostructures transform from one type of structure to another. The OOTs are examined by freezing the specimens in the middle of the OOT and then observing the boundary structures between the preexisting and newly formed nanostructures in three-dimensions. In an OOT between the bicontinuous double gyroid and hexagonally packed cylindrical structures, two different types of epitaxial phase transition paths are found. Interestingly, the paths depend on the direction of the OOT. The second example is BCP self-assemblies under confinement that have been examined by 3D-TEM. A variety of intriguing and very complicated 3D morphologies can be formed even from the BCPs that self-assemble into simple nanostructures, such as lamellar and cylindrical structures in the bulk (in free space). Although 3D-TEM is becoming more frequently used for detailed morphological investigations, it is generally used to study static nanostructures. Although OOTs are dynamical processes, the actual experiment is done in the static state, through a detailed morphological study of a snapshot taken during the OOT. Developing time-dependent nanoscale 3D imaging has become a hot topic. Here, the two main problems preventing the development of in situ electron tomography for polymer materials are addressed. First, the staining protocol often used to enhance contrast for electrons is replaced by a new contrast enhancement based on chemical differences between polymers. In this case, no staining is necessary. Second, a new 3D reconstruction algorithm allows us to obtain a high-contrast, quantitative 3D image from fewer projections than is required for the conventional algorithm to achieve similar contrast, reducing the number of projections and thus the electron beam dose. Combining these two new developments is expected to open new doors to 3D in situ real-time structural observation of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higuchi
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Zhuge
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Akihito Kumamoto
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kees Joost Batenburg
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Mathematical
Institute, Leiden University, RA Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Luo M, Brown JR, Remy RA, Scott DM, Mackay ME, Hall LM, Epps TH. Determination of Interfacial Mixing in Tapered Block Polymer Thin Films: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan R. Brown
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lisa M. Hall
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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8
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Higuchi T, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Jinnai H, Yabu H. Multipod structures of lamellae-forming diblock copolymers in three-dimensional confinement spaces: Experimental observation and computer simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Higuchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Marco Pinna
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool; Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Andrei V. Zvelindovsky
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool; Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabu
- Research Division Gobancho Building 5F, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency; 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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9
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Transition behavior of asymmetric polystyrene- b -poly(2-vinylpyridine) films: A stable hexagonally modulated layer structure. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Davis RL, Chaikin PM, Register RA. Cylinder Orientation and Shear Alignment in Thin Films of Polystyrene–Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5012705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raleigh L. Davis
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for
the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul M. Chaikin
- Department
of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for
the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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Higuchi T, Sugimori H, Jiang X, Hong S, Matsunaga K, Kaneko T, Abetz V, Takahara A, Jinnai H. Morphological Control of Helical Structures of an ABC-Type Triblock Terpolymer by Distribution Control of a Blending Homopolymer in a Block Copolymer Microdomain. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401193u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Higuchi
- Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Exploratory
Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
(IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sugimori
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Xi Jiang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
(IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Song Hong
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
(IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Exploratory
Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
(IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Exploratory
Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
(IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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12
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Luo M, Seppala JE, Albert JNL, Lewis RL, Mahadevapuram N, Stein GE, Epps TH. Manipulating Nanoscale Morphologies in Cylinder-Forming Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) Thin Films Using Film Thickness and Substrate Surface Chemistry Gradients. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302410q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Seppala
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ronald L. Lewis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Nikhila Mahadevapuram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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13
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Morita H, Sugimori H, Doi M, Jinnai H. Single chain distribution analysis near a substrate using a combined method of three-dimensional imaging and SCF simulation. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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15
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Surface-induced phase transitions in dense nanoparticle arrays of lamella-forming diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Zhang X, Yager KG, Fredin NJ, Ro HW, Jones RL, Karim A, Douglas JF. Thermally reversible surface morphology transition in thin diblock copolymer films. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3653-3660. [PMID: 20553019 DOI: 10.1021/nn9016586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Many phase transitions exhibit ordering transitions at the boundary of the material that are distinct from its interior where intermolecular interactions can be significantly different. The present work considers the existence of a surface thermodynamic order-order transition between two distinct morphologies in thin block copolymer (BCP) films that are of interest in nanomanufacturing applications. Specifically, we find a thermally reversible interfacial transition between sphere-like structures and cylinders in flow-coated films of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), where the BCP forms a cylinder microphase in the bulk. We present direct evidence from atomic force microscopy (AFM) of ion-etched films and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on films without etching, which shows that the order-order transition is restricted to the outer layer of the film, while the film interior remains in the cylinder state. Moreover, we find this order-order transition to be insensitive to film thickness over the range investigated (40-170 nm). This morphological transition is of importance in characterizing the thermodynamics and dynamics of thin BCP films used as templates in nanomanufacturing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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Jung J, Park HW, Lee S, Lee H, Chang T, Matsunaga K, Jinnai H. Effect of film thickness on the phase behaviors of diblock copolymer thin film. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3109-16. [PMID: 20499924 DOI: 10.1021/nn1003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A phase diagram was constructed for a polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-b-PI, M(W) = 32 700, f(PI) = 0.670) in thin films on Si wafer as a function of film thickness over the range of 150-2410 nm (7-107L(0) (L(0): domain spacing)). The PS-b-PI exhibits a variety of ordered phases from hexagonally perforated lamellar (HPL) via double gyroid (DG) to hexagonally packed cylinder (HEX) before going to the disordered (DIS) phase upon heating. The morphology of the PS-b-PI in thin film was investigated by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron microtomography. In thin film, the phase transition temperature is difficult to be determined unequivocally with in situ heating processes since the phase transition is slow and two phases coexist over a wide temperature range. Therefore, in an effort to find an "equilibrium" phase, we determined the long-term stable phase formed after cooling the film from the DIS phase to a target temperature and annealing for 24 h at the temperature. The temperature windows of stable ordered phases are strongly influenced by the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, the temperature window of layer-like structures such as HPL and HEX becomes wider, whereas that of the DG stable region decreases. For the films thinner than 160 nm (8L(0)), only the HPL phase was found. In the films exhibiting DG phase, a perforated layer structure at the free surface was found, which gradually converts to the internal DG structure. The relief of interfacial tension by preferential wetting appears to play an important role in controlling the morphology in very thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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18
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Marencic AP, Register RA. Controlling Order in Block Copolymer Thin Films for Nanopatterning Applications. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2010; 1:277-97. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An attractive “unconventional” lithographic technique to pattern periodic, sub-100 nm features uses self-assembled block copolymer thin films as etch masks. Unfortunately, as-cast films lack the orientational and positional order of the microphase-separated domains that are necessary for many desired applications. Reviewed herein are techniques developed to guide the self-assembly process in thin films, which permit varying degrees of control over the patterns formed by the microdomains. Techniques that can control the out-of-plane order of the microdomains are first summarized. Then, techniques that control the lateral ordering are reviewed, beginning with those that generate large defect-free grains, then those that impart orientational order to the microdomains, and finally those that can control both the orientation and position of individual microdomains. Each technique is summarized with experimental examples and discussions regarding the mechanism of the guided self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Marencic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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20
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Yang G, Tang P, Yang Y, Cabral JT. Self-assembly of AB diblock copolymers under confinement into topographically patterned surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14052-61. [PMID: 19813712 DOI: 10.1021/jp9033613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experiments of copolymer patterning by nanoimprinting, we investigate microphase separation and morphology for symmetric AB diblock copolymers with lamellar structure in bulk, confined between a flat bottom surface and a square-wave top surface by using the self-consistent field theory (SCFT). The efficient and high-order accurate pseudospectral method is adopted to numerically solve the SCFT equations in irregularly shaped domains with the help of the "masking" technique by embedding the confined domains of arbitrary shape within a larger rectangular computational cell. Our simulations reveal that the inverted T-style and trapezoid structures occurring in the relatively strong and weak surface fields, respectively, are following our topographically patterned surface. For neutral walls, when the thickness of the lower section is commensurate with the lamellae period of bulk block copolymers, the topographically patterned surface in this work leads to parallel lamellae, and completely parallel lamellae are favored when both the width and height of the upper section are equal to the lamellae bulk period. Furthermore, the prevalent structures are the parallel lamellae in the upper section combined with the perpendicular lamellae in the lower section. When the walls repel one of the block species, parallel lamellae occur in a wide range of film thicknesses compared to the case of neutral walls. To our knowledge, some new structures, however, such as square and partial square structures and reversed-T and trapezoid structures, have not been reported before under parallel surface confinement. In general, the required structures can be obtained by choosing the proper degree of spatial confinement, characterized by variations of the ratio of film thicknesses to bulk repeat period, and the block-substrate interactions. Moreover, we show that the confinement width of the lower section (or the period of the square wave) plays a critical role in microstructure formation. These findings provide a guide to designing novel microstructures involving symmetric diblock copolymers via topographically patterned surfaces and surface fields, relevant to nanoimprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Kuhlmann M, Feldkamp JM, Patommel J, Roth SV, Timmann A, Gehrke R, Müller-Buschbaum P, Schroer CG. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering microtomography demonstrated on a self-ordered dried drop of nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:7241-7243. [PMID: 19499917 DOI: 10.1021/la901325y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We combine grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) with scanning X-ray microtomography to investigate the nanostructure in a dried gold/polystyrene nanocomposite drop. Local GISAXS structure factors are reconstructed at each position on the surface of this two-dimensionally heterogeneous sample with 30 microm pixel size. Evidence for four types of self-assembled colloidal crystalline structures is provided by the reconstructed data of the drop demonstrating the feasibility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Sekine R, Aoki H, Ito S. Conformation of Single Block Copolymer Chain in Two-Dimensional Microphase-Separated Structure Studied by Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7095-100. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901806h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryojun Sekine
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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