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Zavorotnaya UM, Privalov AF, Kresse B, Vogel M, Ponomarev II, Volkova YA, Sinitsyn VV. Diffusion in Sulfonated Co-Polynaphthoyleneimide Proton Exchange Membranes with Different Ratios of Hydrophylic to Hydrophobic Groups Studied Using SFG NMR. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana M. Zavorotnaya
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
- A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics RAS, Vavilova Street 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei F. Privalov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kresse
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Igor I. Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova Street 28, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova Street 28, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Sinitsyn
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 2 Academician Ossipyan Street, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
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2
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Long Z, Miyatake K. ePTFE reinforced, sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes enable durable, high-temperature operable PEMFCs. iScience 2021; 24:102962. [PMID: 34458706 PMCID: PMC8379343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated polyphenylene (SPP)-based ionomers have been developed for electrochemical applications in recent years due to their inherent thermal and chemical stability. However, the difficult synthesis, limited solubility, and rigid backbone obstructs their progress. Herein, a new monomer, 3,3″-dichloro-2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-1,1':4',1″-terphenyl (TP-f) with high polymerization reactivity was designed and polymerized with sulfonated phenylene monomer to prepare SPP-based ionomers (SPP-TP-f) with high ion exchange capacity up to 4.5 mequiv g-1. The resulting flexible membranes were more proton conductive than Nafion (state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane) even at 120°C and 20% RH. Unlike typical SPP ionomers, SPP-TP-f 5.1 was soluble in ethanol and thus, could be reinforced with double expanded polytetrafluorethylene thin layers to obtain SPP-TP-f 5.1/DPTFE membrane. SPP-TP-f 5.1/DPTFE showed superior fuel cell performance to that of Nafion, in particular, at low humidity (30% RH, > 100°C) and reasonable durability under the severe accelerated conditions combining OCV hold and humidity cycling tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Zhang R, Chen Y, Troya D, Madsen LA. Relating Geometric Nanoconfinement and Local Molecular Environment to Diffusion in Ionic Polymer Membranes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99345, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Yoshida-Hirahara M, Takahashi S, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Synthesis and investigation of sulfonated poly( p-phenylene)-based ionomers with precisely controlled ion exchange capacity for use as polymer electrolyte membranes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12810-12822. [PMID: 35492080 PMCID: PMC9051222 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve precise control of sulfonated polymer structures, a series of poly(p-phenylene)-based ionomers with well-controlled ion exchange capacities (IECs) were synthesised via a three-step technique: (1) preceding sulfonation of the monomer with a protecting group, (2) nickel(0) catalysed coupling polymerisation, and (3) cleavage of the protecting group of the polymers. 2,2-Dimethylpropyl-4-[4-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]benzenesulfonate (NS-DPBP) was synthesised as the preceding sulfonated monomer by treatment with chlorosulfuric acid and neopentyl alcohol. NS-DPBP was readily soluble in various organic solvents and stable during the nickel(0) catalysed coupling reaction. Sulfonated poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) (S-PPBP) homopolymer and seven types of random copolymers (S-PPBP-co-PPBP) with different IECs were obtained by varying the stoichiometry of NS-DPBP. The IECs and weight average molecular weights (Mws) of ionomers were in the range of 0.41–2.84 meq. g−1 and 143 000–465 000 g mol−1, respectively. The water uptake, proton conductivities, and water diffusion properties of ionomers exhibited a strong IEC dependence. Upon increasing the IEC of S-PPBP-co-PPBPs from 0.86 to 2.40 meq. g−1, the conductivities increased from 6.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 to 1.8 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 90% RH. S-PPBP and S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) with IEC values >2.40 meq. g−1 exhibited fast water diffusion (1.6 × 10−11 to 8.0 × 10−10 m2 s−1), and were comparable to commercial perfluorosulfuric acid polymers. When fully hydrated, the maximum power density and the limiting current density of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared with S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) were 712 mW cm−2 and 1840 mA cm−2, respectively. Poly(p-phenylene)-based sulfonated polymers with well-controlled IECs were synthesized via a three-step procedure including preceding sulfonation of precursor monomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miru Yoshida-Hirahara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250.,Research and Development Bureau, Saitama University Shimo-Okubo 255 Sakura-ku Saitama-shi 338-8570 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
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5
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6
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Hammer R, Schönhoff M, Hansen MR. Comprehensive Picture of Water Dynamics in Nafion Membranes at Different Levels of Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8313-8324. [PMID: 31508959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy is employed to study the long-range (diffusion) and short-range (relaxation) motions of water in the hydrophilic channels of Nafion at different stages of hydration, λwater. From Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound analysis of the temperature-dependent 1H spin-lattice relaxation rates, the coexistence of two motional modes for λwater < 9 was observed, which can be attributed to the nonfreezing behavior of water molecules. At higher hydration levels, a clear transition between two different motional modes was detected associated with the freezing of bulk water. The hydration-level-dependent diffusion 1H NMR studies showed a steep increase in diffusion coefficients at 6 ≤ λwater ≤ 9 followed by a linear increase with the increasing hydration level (λwater ≥ 12). Taken together the correlation of long- and short-range motion studies allowed us to establish a comprehensive picture of the hydration shell formation for the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion dependent on λwater that can be divided into three characteristic regions. These include the formation of the first hydration shell at λwater ≈ 3 (region I), the second hydration shell at λwater ≈ 8 (region II), and finally (iii) the presence of bulk water above λwater ≥ 10 (region III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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7
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Double helical conformation and extreme rigidity in a rodlike polyelectrolyte. Nat Commun 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 30778067 PMCID: PMC6379425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous biomacromolecule DNA has an axial rigidity persistence length of ~50 nm, driven by its elegant double helical structure. While double and multiple helix structures appear widely in nature, only rarely are these found in synthetic non-chiral macromolecules. Here we report a double helical conformation in the densely charged aromatic polyamide poly(2,2′-disulfonyl-4,4′-benzidine terephthalamide) or PBDT. This double helix macromolecule represents one of the most rigid simple molecular structures known, exhibiting an extremely high axial persistence length (~1 micrometer). We present X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that reveal and confirm the double helical conformation. The discovery of this extreme rigidity in combination with high charge density gives insight into the self-assembly of molecular ionic composites with high mechanical modulus (~ 1 GPa) yet with liquid-like ion motions inside, and provides fodder for formation of other 1D-reinforced composites. Double helix structures appear widely in nature, but only rarely in synthetic non-chiral macromolecules. Here the authors describe a double helix in a densely charged aromatic polyamide, which exhibits an axial rigidity persistence length of ~ 1 μm, much higher than that of DNA (~ 50 nm).
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8
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Thieu LM, Zhu L, Korovich AG, Hickner MA, Madsen LA. Multiscale Tortuous Diffusion in Anion and Cation Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam M. Thieu
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew G. Korovich
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Michael A. Hickner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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9
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Timachova K, Villaluenga I, Cirrincione L, Gobet M, Bhattacharya R, Jiang X, Newman J, Madsen LA, Greenbaum SG, Balsara NP. Anisotropic Ion Diffusion and Electrochemically Driven Transport in Nanostructured Block Copolymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1537-1544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Timachova
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Lisa Cirrincione
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mallory Gobet
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rajashree Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - John Newman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Steven G. Greenbaum
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
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10
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Kristensen MB, Catalano J, Haldrup S, Bělský P, Tomáš M, Bentien A. Tuning the ion channel network of perfluorosulfonated membranes via a facile sacrificial porogen approach. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Zhao C, Zhang C, Kang H, Xia Y, Sui K, Liu R. Gelation of Na-alginate aqueous solution: A study of sodium ion dynamics via NMR relaxometry. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Kidd BE, Li X, Piemonte RC, Cooksey TJ, Singh A, Robertson ML, Madsen LA. Tuning Biocompatible Block Copolymer Micelles by Varying Solvent Composition: Dynamics and Populations of Micelles and Unimers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rachele C. Piemonte
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tyler J. Cooksey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Avantika Singh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Marchetti A, Chen J, Pang Z, Li S, Ling D, Deng F, Kong X. Understanding Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in Functional Nanomaterials via Solid-State NMR. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605895. [PMID: 28247966 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface and interfacial chemistry is of fundamental importance in functional nanomaterials applied in catalysis, energy storage and conversion, medicine, and other nanotechnologies. It has been a perpetual challenge for the scientific community to get an accurate and comprehensive picture of the structures, dynamics, and interactions at interfaces. Here, some recent examples in the major disciplines of nanomaterials are selected (e.g., nanoporous materials, battery materials, nanocrystals and quantum dots, supramolecular assemblies, drug-delivery systems, ionomers, and graphite oxides) and it is shown how interfacial chemistry can be addressed through the perspective of solid-state NMR characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchetti
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Juner Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Pang
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Feng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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14
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Gahlot S, Gupta H, Kulshrestha V. Hydrated proton self-diffusion study in ion-exchange membranes by MRI and impedance spectroscopy. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Asakura T, Isobe K, Kametani S, Ukpebor OT, Silverstein MC, Boutis GS. Characterization of water in hydrated Bombyx mori silk fibroin fiber and films by 2H NMR relaxation and 13C solid state NMR. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:322-333. [PMID: 28065870 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF), such as elasticity and tensile strength, change remarkably upon hydration. However, the microscopic interaction with water is not currently well understood on a molecular level. In this work, the dynamics of water molecules interacting with SF was studied by 2H solution NMR relaxation and exchange measurements. Additionally, the conformations of hydrated [3-13C]Ala-, [3-13C]Ser-, and [3-13C]Tyr-SF fibers and films were investigated by 13C DD/MAS NMR. Using an inverse Laplace transform algorithm, we were able to identify four distinct components in the relaxation times for water in SF fiber. Namely, A: bulk water outside the fiber, B: water molecules trapped weakly on the surface of the fiber, C: bound water molecules located in the inner surface of the fiber, and D: bound water molecules located in the inner part of the fiber were distinguishable. In addition, four components were also observed for water in the SF film immersed in methanol for 30s, while only two components for the film immersed in methanol for 24h. The effects of hydration on the conformation of Ser and Tyr residues in the site-specific crystalline and non-crystalline domains of 13C selectively labeled SF, respectively, could be determined independently. Our measurements provide new insight relating the characteristics of water and the hydration structure of silk, which are relevant in light of current interest in the design of novel silk-based biomaterials. STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) change remarkably upon hydration. However, the microscopic interaction between SF and water is not currently well understood on a molecular level. We were able to identify four distinct components in the relaxation times for water in SF fiber by 2H solution NMR relaxation and exchange measurements. In addition, the effects of hydration on the conformation of Ser and Tyr residues in the site-specific crystalline and non-crystalline domains of 13C selectively labeled SF, respectively, could be determined independently. Thus, our measurements provide new insight relating the characteristics of water and the hydration structure of silk, which are relevant in light of current interest in the design of novel silk-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Isobe
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kametani
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Obehi T Ukpebor
- Department of Physics, Hunter College of The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moshe C Silverstein
- Department of Physics, Hunter College of The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory S Boutis
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Department of Physics, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
In this comprehensive review, recent progress and developments on perfluorinated sulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes have been summarized on many key topics. Although quite well investigated for decades, PFSA ionomers' complex behavior, along with their key role in many emerging technologies, have presented significant scientific challenges but also helped create a unique cross-disciplinary research field to overcome such challenges. Research and progress on PFSAs, especially when considered with their applications, are at the forefront of bridging electrochemistry and polymer (physics), which have also opened up development of state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques as well as multiphysics computation models. Topics reviewed stem from correlating the various physical (e.g., mechanical) and transport properties with morphology and structure across time and length scales. In addition, topics of recent interest such as structure/transport correlations and modeling, composite PFSA membranes, degradation phenomena, and PFSA thin films are presented. Throughout, the impact of PFSA chemistry and side-chain is also discussed to present a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Kim SH, Mehmood A, Ahn Y, Kim HS, Ha HY, Kim D, Han OH. Proton conductivity improvement of polymer electrolyte membrane using nano-scale explosion of water in the membrane. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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El Kaddouri A, Perrin JC, Colinart T, Moyne C, Leclerc S, Guendouz L, Lottin O. Impact of a Compressive Stress on Water Sorption and Diffusion in Ionomer Membranes for Fuel Cells. A 1H NMR Study in Vapor-Equilibrated Nafion. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assma El Kaddouri
- Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- CNRS,
LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Perrin
- Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- CNRS,
LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Thibaut Colinart
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Christian Moyne
- Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- CNRS,
LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Sébastien Leclerc
- Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- CNRS,
LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Laouès Guendouz
- Institut
Jean-Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | - Olivier Lottin
- Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- CNRS,
LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
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19
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Gao J, Yoon HG, Jin L, Forsyth M, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Highly Conductive and Thermally Stable Ion Gels with Tunable Anisotropy and Modulus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2571-8. [PMID: 26822386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid-crystalline ion gel exhibits unprecedented properties: conductivity up to 8 mS cm(-1) , thermal stability to 300 °C, and electrochemical window to 6.1 V, as well as adjustable transport anisotropy (up to 3.5×) and elastic modulus (0.03-3 GPa). The combination of ionic liquid and magnetically oriented rigid-rod polyanion provides widely tunable properties for use in diverse electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun Gook Yoon
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Liyu Jin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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20
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Melchior JP, Bräuniger T, Wohlfarth A, Portale G, Kreuer KD. About the Interactions Controlling Nafion’s Viscoelastic Properties and Morphology. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Melchior
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Bräuniger
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Wohlfarth
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- DUBBLE, BM26 at
ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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22
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Zhu Y, Mai J, Li H, Tang J, Yuan WZ, Zhang Y. Enhanced stability of PFSA membranes for fuel cells: Combined effect between supercritical carbon dioxide treatment and radical scavenger incorporation. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Proton transport properties of sulphanilic acid tethered poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)-PVA blend membranes. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Modulation of the matrix effect of nafion on tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(II) electrochemical probes by functionalisation with 4-nitrophenylazo graphene-gold nanocomposite. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Gao J, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Molecular Alignment and Ion Transport in Rigid Rod Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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26
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Kins CF, Sengupta E, Kaltbeitzel A, Wagner M, Lieberwirth I, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. Morphological Anisotropy and Proton Conduction in Multiblock Copolyimide Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Kins
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esha Sengupta
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Kaltbeitzel
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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27
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Fechete R, Demco DE, Zhu X, Tillmann W, Möller M. Water states and dynamics in perfluorinated ionomer membranes by 1H one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, relaxometry, and diffusometry. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Kidd BE, Lingwood MD, Lee M, Gibson HW, Madsen LA. Cation and Anion Transport in a Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Plastic Crystal Ion Conductor. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2176-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4084629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mark D. Lingwood
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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29
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Merle G, Ioana FC, Demco DE, Saakes M, Hosseiny SS. Friedel-Crafts Crosslinked Highly Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) Membranes for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery. MEMBRANES 2013; 4:1-19. [PMID: 24957118 PMCID: PMC4021963 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly conductive and low vanadium permeable crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (cSPEEK) membranes were prepared by electrophilic aromatic substitution for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery (Vanadium/Air-RFB) application. Membranes were synthesized from ethanol solution and crosslinked under different temperatures with 1,4-benzenedimethanol and ZnCl2 via the Friedel–Crafts crosslinking route. The crosslinking mechanism under different temperatures indicated two crosslinking pathways: (a) crosslinking on the sulfonic acid groups; and (b) crosslinking on the backbone. It was observed that membranes crosslinked at a temperature of 150 °C lead to low proton conductive membranes, whereas an increase in crosslinking temperature and time would lead to high proton conductive membranes. High temperature crosslinking also resulted in an increase in anisotropy and water diffusion. Furthermore, the membranes were investigated for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery application. Membranes crosslinked at 200 °C for 30 min with a molar ratio between 2:1 (mol repeat unit:mol benzenedimethanol) showed a proton conductivity of 27.9 mS/cm and a 100 times lower VO2+ crossover compared to Nafion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Merle
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University street, Montreal, QC H3A0C7, Canada.
| | - Filipoi Carmen Ioana
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrae 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dan Eugen Demco
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrae 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michel Saakes
- Magneto Special Anodes B.V., Calandstraat 109, 3125 BA Schiedam, The Netherlands.
| | - Seyed Schwan Hosseiny
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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30
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Hou J, Li J, Mountz D, Hull M, Madsen LA. Correlating morphology, proton conductivity, and water transport in polyelectrolyte-fluoropolymer blend membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Klein M, Perrin JC, Leclerc S, Guendouz L, Dillet J, Lottin O. Anisotropy of Water Self-Diffusion in a Nafion Membrane under Traction. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401511t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Klein
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Perrin
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Sébastien Leclerc
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Laouès Guendouz
- Institut
Jean-Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F- 54500, France
| | - Jérôme Dillet
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Olivier Lottin
- Université
de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR7563, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
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32
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Han OH. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on electrochemical reactions of low temperature fuel cells operating in acidic conditions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 72:1-41. [PMID: 23731860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oc Hee Han
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Demco DE, Filipoi C, Zhu X, Fechete R, Möller M. Morphological Heterogeneity by Diffusional Kurtosis NMR Spectroscopy in Perfluorosulfonic Acid/SiO2
Composite Proton-Exchange Membranes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Lee SM, Han OH. Hot-Pressing Effects on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Investigated by2H NMR Spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Hou J, Madsen LA. New insights for accurate chemically specific measurements of slow diffusing molecules. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:054201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4789923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Lingwood MD, Zhang Z, Kidd BE, McCreary KB, Hou J, Madsen LA. Unraveling the local energetics of transport in a polymer ion conductor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4283-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Wu L, Zhang Z, Ran J, Zhou D, Li C, Xu T. Advances in proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells: an overview on proton conductive channels (PCCs). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4870-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Woudstra JM, Ooms KJ. Investigating the Water in Hydrated sPEEK Membranes Using Multiple Quantum Filtered 2H NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14724-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309986x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Woudstra
- Department
of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50 St. Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6B 2H3
| | - Kristopher J. Ooms
- Department
of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50 St. Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6B 2H3
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39
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Tang J, Yuan W, Wang J, Tang J, Li H, Zhang Y. Perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes with improved through-plane proton conductivity fabricated under magnetic field. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Filipoi C, Demco DE, Zhu X, Vinokur R, Conradi O, Fechete R, Möller M. Water self-diffusion anisotropy and electrical conductivity of perfluorosulfonic acid/SiO2 composite proton exchange membranes. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Chowdhury S, Madsen LA, Frazier CE. Probing Alignment and Phase Behavior in Intact Wood Cell Walls Using 2H NMR Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1043-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201770q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Chowdhury
- Macromolecules
and Interfaces Institute, ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, and §Department of
Chemistry, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Macromolecules
and Interfaces Institute, ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, and §Department of
Chemistry, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Charles E. Frazier
- Macromolecules
and Interfaces Institute, ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, and §Department of
Chemistry, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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42
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Filipoi C, Demco DE, Zhu X, Vinokur R, Conradi O, Fechete R, Möller M. Channel orientation anisotropy in perfluorosulfonic acid/SiO2 composite proton exchange membranes: Water self-diffusion study using NMR. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Park JK, Li J, Divoux GM, Madsen LA, Moore RB. Oriented Morphology and Anisotropic Transport in Uniaxially Stretched Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200865p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Keun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jing Li
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey 07735, United States
| | - Gilles M. Divoux
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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44
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Li J, Park JK, Moore RB, Madsen LA. Linear coupling of alignment with transport in a polymer electrolyte membrane. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:507-511. [PMID: 21685901 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) selectively transport ions and polar molecules in a robust yet formable solid support. Tailored PEMs allow for devices such as solid-state batteries,'artificial muscle' actuators and reverse-osmosis water purifiers. Understanding how PEM structure and morphology relate to mobile species transport presents a challenge for designing next-generation materials. Material length scales from subnanometre to 1 μm influence bulk properties such as ion conductivity and water transport. Here we employ multi-axis pulsed-field-gradient NMR to measure diffusion anisotropy, and (2)H NMR spectroscopy and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering to probe orientational order as a function of water content and of membrane stretching. Strikingly, transport anisotropy linearly depends on the degree of alignment, signifying that membrane stretching affects neither the nanometre-scale channel dimensions nor the defect structure,causing only domain reorientation. The observed reorientation of anisotropic domains without perturbation of the inherent nematic-like domain character parallels the behaviour of nematic elastomers, promises tailored membrane conduction and potentially allows understanding of tunable shape-memory effects in PEM materials. This quantitative understanding will drive PEM design efforts towards optimal membrane transport, thus enabling more efficient polymeric batteries, fuel cells, mechanical actuators and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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45
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Hou J, Zhang Z, Madsen LA. Cation/Anion Associations in Ionic Liquids Modulated by Hydration and Ionic Medium. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4576-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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46
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Han W, Lun Yeung K. Confined PFSA–zeolite composite membrane for self-humidifying fuel cell. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8085-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Ma Z, Jiang R, Myers ME, Thompson EL, Gittleman CS. NMR studies of proton transport in fuel cell membranes at sub-freezing conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Peckham TJ, Holdcroft S. Structure-morphology-property relationships of non-perfluorinated proton-conducting membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4667-4690. [PMID: 20848594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of structure-morphology-property relationships of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is crucial in order to improve the cost, performance, and durability of PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this context, there has been an explosion over the past five years in the volume of research carried out in the area of non-perfluorinated, proton-conducting polymer membranes, with a particular emphasis on exploiting phase behavior associated with block and graft copolymers. This progress report highlights a selection of interesting studies in the area that have appeared since 2005, which illustrate the effects of factors such as acid and water contents and morphology upon proton conduction. It concludes with an outlook on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Peckham
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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49
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Frise AE, Dvinskikh SV, Ohno H, Kato T, Furó I. Ion Channels and Anisotropic Ion Mobility in a Liquid-Crystalline Columnar Phase As Observed by Multinuclear NMR Diffusometry. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15477-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1082054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton E. Frise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Division of Physical Chemistry and Industrial NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sergey V. Dvinskikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Division of Physical Chemistry and Industrial NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Division of Physical Chemistry and Industrial NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Division of Physical Chemistry and Industrial NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - István Furó
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Division of Physical Chemistry and Industrial NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Kidena K, Ohkubo T, Takimoto N, Ohira A. PFG-NMR approach to determining the water transport mechanism in polymer electrolyte membranes conditioned at different temperatures. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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