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Todor-Boer O, Farcău C, Botiz I. Large Enhancement of Photoluminescence Obtained in Thin Polyfluorene Films of Optimized Microstructure. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2278. [PMID: 39204498 PMCID: PMC11359287 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a clearly demonstrated relationship between the microstructure, processing and resulting optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. Here, we exploited this relationship by exposing polyfluorene thin films to various solvent vapors via confined-solvent vapor annealing to optimize their microstructure, with the final goal being to enhance their emission properties. Our results have demonstrated enlargements in photoluminescence intensity of up to 270%, 258% and 240% when thin films of polyfluorenes of average molecular weights of 105,491 g/mol, 63,114 g/mol and 14,000 g/mol, respectively, experienced increases in their β-phase fractions upon processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Todor-Boer
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Farcău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies INCDTIM, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cheng J, Jiang R, Shan Y, Sun H, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Polyfluorene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers: synthesis and electron transport behavior. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23505-23510. [PMID: 39071481 PMCID: PMC11273366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Under mild reaction conditions, we synthesized diblock copolymers of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PFO-b-PEO) via end-capping poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on one end. We investigated the thermal, optical, electrochemical and crystalline properties as well as electron transport performance of these polymers. Our results demonstrate that PFO-b-PEO diblock copolymers with short PEO chains (M n = 1000 and 2000 g mol-1) exhibit higher electron mobilities compared to the PFO homopolymer and longer PEO chain (M n = 4000 g mol-1) attached copolymers. This enhanced electron mobility is attributed to the higher crystallinity induced by the shorter PEO chain end-capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Hong Sun
- Zhejiang Fenghong New-material Co. Ltd. Huzhou 313300 China
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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Cheng J, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Introduction of β-diketone unit to polyfluorene side chain for improving color stability and electron transporting property. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Islam SN, Sil A, Patra SK. Achieving yellow emission by varying the donor/acceptor units in rod-shaped fluorenyl-alkynyl based π-conjugated oligomers and their binuclear gold(i) alkynyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:5918-5929. [PMID: 28406507 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorenyl-alkynyl based π-conjugated rod-shaped oligomers bearing different central aromatic moieties and functionalizable di-alkynyl termini, such as H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH1), H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btz-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH2) and H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btd-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH3) where Fl = 9,9-dioctylfluorene, Btz = N-hexylbenzotriazole, and Btd = benzothiadiazole, were successfully synthesized by a Pd(0) catalyzed Stille coupling protocol. Electron withdrawing benzothiadiazole and benzotriazole as strong to moderate acceptors and fluorene as the donor have been incorporated to adjust the Donor-Acceptor (D-A) strength for fine-tuning the bandgap (Eg) as well as the emission wavelength. The corresponding digold(i) σ-complexes (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM1), (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btz-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM2) and (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btd-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM3) have also been prepared by a reaction of Au(PPh3)Cl and methanolic NaOMe in DCM with the corresponding alkynyl functionalized oligomers to take advantage of the heavy-atom effect on their emissive properties. The synthesized rod-shaped π-conjugated fluorene based oligomers and their binuclear Au(i) σ-complexes have been unambiguously characterized by various spectroscopic tools such as FTIR and multinuclear NMR as well as MALDI-TOF and CHN analyses. The absorption and emission spectral studies exhibited a progressive red shift with increasing the electron withdrawing character of the central aromatic unit. The rod-like oligomers having alkynyl termini and the corresponding digold(i) complexes are found to be blue, cyan and yellow emissive, demonstrating the fine-tuning of the emission wavelength. Most importantly, the fluorene based π-conjugated yellow light emitters OH3 and OM3 are successfully achieved by varying the donor/acceptor moiety to the fluorenyl-alkynyl backbone. The digold(i) diacetylide organometallic wires exhibit phosphorescence at 77 K in degassed CH2Cl2 due to the efficient intersystem crossing from the S1 to the T1 excited state as induced by heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Najmul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, WB, India.
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Yeo H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Effective Light-Harvesting Antennae Based on BODIPY-Tethered Cardo Polyfluorenes via Rapid Energy Transferring and Low Concentration Quenching. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonuk Yeo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Xie LH, Yin CR, Lai WY, Fan QL, Huang W. Polyfluorene-based semiconductors combined with various periodic table elements for organic electronics. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yeo H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Isolation of π-conjugated system through polyfluorene from electronic coupling with side-chain substituents by cardo structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim CY, Park JG, Lee MJ, Kwon SK, Kim JH, Shin SC, Kim YH. Poly(1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene) for Solution Processable Organic Thin Film Transistor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.5.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tan Y, Tsuchiya K, Ogino K. Synthesis of Polyfluorene Block Copolymers and Effect of Side Chain Group on Electroluminescent Device Performance. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Tan Y, Gu Z, Tsuchiya K, Ogino K. Synthesis and luminescent properties of block copolymers based on polyfluorene and polytriphenylamine. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee WH, Lee SK, Son SK, Choi JE, Shin WS, Kim K, Lee SH, Moon SJ, Kang IN. Synthesis and characterization of new selenophene-based conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Synthesis and device performance of new efficient blue copolymers containing biphenylenevinylene and triphenyldiamine. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kang HH, Kang MS, Oh DH, Lee DH, Shin DC, Kwon SK, Kim YH. New deep blue light emitting copolymer containing fluorene, carbazole, and dialkoxynaphthalene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang W, Saito W, Tsuchiya K, Ogino K. Synthesis of Block Copolymer Based on Polyfluorenes and Application to Luminescent Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Win Tang
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Wataru Saito
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Son SK, Choi YS, Lee WH, Hong Y, Kim JR, Shin WS, Moon SJ, Hwang DH, Kang IN. Synthesis and properties of phenothiazylene vinylene-based polymers: New organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors and solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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