1
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Kemppainen J, Gissinger JR, Gowtham S, Odegard GM. LUNAR: Automated Input Generation and Analysis for Reactive LAMMPS Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5108-5126. [PMID: 38926930 PMCID: PMC11234336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Generating simulation-ready molecular models for the LAMMPS molecular dynamics (MD) simulation software package is a difficult task and impedes the more widespread and efficient use of MD in materials design and development. Fixed-bond force fields generally require manual assignment of atom types, bonded interactions, charges, and simulation domain sizes. A new LAMMPS pre- and postprocessing toolkit (LUNAR) is presented that efficiently builds molecular systems for LAMMPS. LUNAR automatically assigns atom types, generates bonded interactions, assigns charges, and provides initial configuration methods to generate large molecular systems. LUNAR can also incorporate chemical reactivity into simulations by facilitating the use of the REACTER protocol. Additionally, LUNAR provides postprocessing for free volume calculations, cure characterization calculations, and property predictions from LAMMPS thermodynamic outputs. LUNAR has been validated via building and simulation of pure epoxy and cyanate ester polymer systems with a comparison of the corresponding predicted structures and properties to benchmark values, including experimental results from the literature. LUNAR provides the tools for the computationally driven development of next-generation composite materials in the Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) and Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) frameworks. LUNAR is written in Python with the usage of NumPy and can be used via a graphical user interface, a command line interface, or an integrated design environment. LUNAR is freely available via GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Kemppainen
- Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Jacob R. Gissinger
- Stevens
Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - S. Gowtham
- Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Gregory M. Odegard
- Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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2
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Zhang C, Shomali A, Coasne B, Derome D, Carmeliet J. Sorption-Deformation-Percolation Model for Diffusion in Nanoporous Media. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4507-4514. [PMID: 36846983 PMCID: PMC10018761 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of molecules in porous media is a critical process that is fundamental to numerous chemical, physical, and biological applications. The prevailing theoretical frameworks are challenged when explaining the complex dynamics resulting from the highly tortuous host structure and strong guest-host interactions, especially when the pore size approximates the size of diffusing molecule. This study, using molecular dynamics, formulates a semiempirical model based on theoretical considerations and factorization that offer an alternative view of diffusion and its link with the structure and behavior (sorption and deformation) of material. By analyzing the intermittent dynamics of water, microscopic self-diffusion coefficients are predicted. The apparent tortuosity, defined as the ratio of the bulk to the confined self-diffusion coefficients, is found to depend quantitatively on a limited set of material parameters: heat of adsorption, elastic modulus, and percolation probability, all of which are experimentally accessible. The proposed sorption-deformation-percolation model provides guidance on the understanding and fine-tuning of diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Chair
of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Shomali
- Chair
of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Derome
- Department
of Civil and Building Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair
of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Enhanced gas separation by free volume tuning in a crown ether-containing polyimide membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Goto Y, Omagari S, Sato R, Yamakado T, Achiwa R, Dey N, Suga K, Vacha M, Saito S. Dynamic Polymer Free Volume Monitored by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy of a Dual Fluorescent Flapping Dopant. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14306-14313. [PMID: 34448563 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) of a dual fluorescent flapping molecular probe (N-FLAP) enabled real-time nanoscale monitoring of local free volume dynamics in polystyrenes. The SMS study was realized by structural improvement of a previously reported flapping molecule by nitrogen substitution, leading to increased brightness (22 times) of the probe. In a polystyrene thin film at the temperature of 5 K above the glass transition, the spectra of a single N-FLAP molecule undergo frequent jumps between short- and long-wavelength forms, the latter one indicating planarization of the molecule in the excited state. The observed spectral jumps were statistically analyzed to reveal the dynamics of the molecular environment. The analysis together with MD and QM/MM calculations show that the excited-state planarization of the flapping probe occurs only when sufficiently large polymer free volume of more than, at least, 280 Å3 is available close to the molecule, and that such free volume lasts for an average of 1.2 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Goto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shun Omagari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamakado
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Achiwa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kensuke Suga
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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5
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Fica-Contreras SM, Hoffman DJ, Pan J, Liang C, Fayer MD. Free Volume Element Sizes and Dynamics in Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Measured with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3583-3594. [PMID: 33630576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size, size distribution, dynamics, and electrostatic properties of free volume elements (FVEs) in polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated using the Restricted Orientation Anisotropy Method (ROAM), an ultrafast infrared spectroscopic technique. The restricted orientational dynamics of a vibrational probe embedded in the polymer matrix provides detailed information on FVE sizes and their probability distribution. The probe's orientational dynamics vary as a function of its frequency within the inhomogeneously broadened vibrational absorption spectrum. By characterizing the degree of orientational restriction at different probe frequencies, FVE radii and their probability distribution were determined. PS has larger FVEs and a broader FVE size distribution than PMMA. The average FVE radii in PS and PMMA are 3.4 and 3.0 Å, respectively. The FVE radius probability distribution shows that the PS distribution is non-Gaussian, with a tail to larger radii, whereas in PMMA, the distribution is closer to Gaussian. FVE structural dynamics, previously unavailable through other techniques, occur on a ∼150 ps time scale in both polymers. The dynamics involve FVE shape fluctuations which, on average, conserve the FVE size. FVE radii were associated with corresponding electric field strengths through the first-order vibrational Stark effect of the CN stretch of the vibrational probe, phenyl selenocyanate (PhSeCN). PMMA displayed unique measured FVE radii for each electric field strength. By contrast, PS showed that, while larger radii correspond to unique and relatively weak electric fields, the smallest measured radii map onto a broad distribution of strong electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Junkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chungwen Liang
- Computational Modeling Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Upgrading of raw biogas using membranes based on the ultrapermeable polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-TMN-Trip. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Muzzi C, Fuoco A, Monteleone M, Esposito E, Jansen JC, Tocci E. Optical Analysis of the Internal Void Structure in Polymer Membranes for Gas Separation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E328. [PMID: 33167364 PMCID: PMC7694385 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Global warming by greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main threats of our modern society, and efficient CO2 capture processes are needed to solve this problem. Membrane separation processes have been identified among the most promising technologies for CO2 capture, and these require the development of highly efficient membrane materials which, in turn, requires detailed understanding of their operation mechanism. In the last decades, molecular modeling studies have become an extremely powerful tool to understand and anticipate the gas transport properties of polymeric membranes. This work presents a study on the correlation of the structural features of different membrane materials, analyzed by means of molecular dynamics simulation, and their gas diffusivity/selectivity. We propose a simplified method to determine the void size distribution via an automatic image recognition tool, along with a consolidated Connolly probe sensing of space, without the need of demanding computational procedures. Based on a picture of the void shape and width, automatic image recognition tests the dimensions of the void elements, reducing them to ellipses. Comparison of the minor axis of the obtained ellipses with the diameters of the gases yields a qualitative estimation of non-accessible paths in the geometrical arrangement of polymeric chains. A second tool, the Connolly probe sensing of space, gives more details on the complexity of voids. The combination of the two proposed tools can be used for a qualitative and rapid screening of material models and for an estimation of the trend in their diffusivity selectivity. The main differences in the structural features of three different classes of polymers are investigated in this work (glassy polymers, superglassy perfluoropolymers and high free volume polymers of intrinsic microporosity), and the results show how the proposed computationally less demanding analysis can be linked with their selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.M.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (E.E.); (J.C.J.)
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8
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ROAMing in mutable voids: Polymer free volumes from wobbling vibrational probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15385-15387. [PMID: 32576695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009604117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Capponi
- Department of Industrial and Applied Genomics, IBM AI and Cognitive Software Organization, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120-6099, United States
- NSF Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dušan Račko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 3, 841 45 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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10
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Amorphous polymer dynamics and free volume element size distributions from ultrafast IR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13949-13958. [PMID: 32513742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003225117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for measuring the size and size probability distribution of free volume regions in polymeric materials using ultrafast infrared (IR) polarization-selective pump-probe experiments is presented. Measurements of the ultrafast dynamics of a vibrational probe (the CN stretch of phenyl selenocyanate) in poly(methyl methacrylate) show that the probe dynamics are highly confined. The degree of confinement was found to be both time-dependent and dependent on the vibrational frequency of the probe molecule. The experiments demonstrate that different vibrational frequencies correspond to distinct subensembles of probe molecules that have different dynamic properties determined by their local structural environments. By combining the degree of dynamical confinement with the molecular size of the probe molecule, the free volume element size probability distribution was determined and found to be in good agreement with the best established experimental measure of free volume. The relative probability of a free volume element size is determined by the amplitude of the nitrile absorption spectrum at the frequency of the measurement. The inhomogeneous broadening of the spectrum was linked to the vibrational Stark effect, which permits site selectivity. The observed dynamics at each frequency were then associated with a different size free volume element and distinct local electric field. The multiple timescales observed in the pump-probe experiments were connected to local structural fluctuations of the free volume elements.
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11
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Yampolskii Y, Belov N, Alentiev A. Perfluorinated polymers as materials of membranes for gas and vapor separation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Eren B, Eren E, Guney M, Jean Y, Van Horn JD. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study of polyvinylpyrrolidone‐added polyvinylidene fluoride membranes: Investigation of free volume and permeation relationships. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Eren
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Erdal Eren
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Murat Guney
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of ChemistryBilecik Seyh Edebali University 11210 Bilecik Turkey
| | - Yan‐Ching Jean
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri 64110
| | - J. David Van Horn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri 64110
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13
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14
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Kavetskyy T, Smutok O, Demkiv O, Kasetaite S, Ostrauskaite J, Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Zubrytska K, Hoivanovych N, Gonchar M. Dependence of operational parameters of laccase-based biosensors on structure of photocross-linked polymers as holding matrixes. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Bernardo P, Scorzafave V, Clarizia G, Tocci E, Jansen J, Borgogno A, Malpass-Evans R, McKeown NB, Carta M, Tasselli F. Thin film composite membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity derived from Tröger's base: A combined experimental and computational investigation of the role of residual casting solvent. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Feng C, Li Y, Qu K, Zhang Z, He P. Mechanical behavior of a hydrated perfluorosulfonic acid membrane at meso and nano scales. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9594-9603. [PMID: 35520728 PMCID: PMC9062152 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) is widely used as the membrane material for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, and its mechanical properties directly affect the stability and the life of the internal structure of the proton exchange membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Key Lab of Metal Functional Materials
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Key Lab of Metal Functional Materials
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- China
| | - Kunnan Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Key Lab of Metal Functional Materials
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- School of Automotive Studies
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- China
| | - Pengfei He
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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17
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Van Goethem C, Mulunda MM, Verbeke R, Koschine T, Wübbenhorst M, Zhang Z, Nies E, Dickmann M, Egger W, Vankelecom IFJ, Koeckelberghs G. Increasing Membrane Permeability by Increasing the Polymer Crystallinity: The Unique Case of Polythiophenes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Dickmann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Physik Department E21, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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18
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Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Mat́ko I, Koch T, Gorsche C. Investigating the Free-Volume Characteristics of Regulated Dimethacrylate Networks Below and Above Glass Transition Temperature. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švajdlenková
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers; Polymer Institute of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Department of Nuclear Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Igor Mat́ko
- Department of Metal Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien and Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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19
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Low ZX, Budd PM, McKeown NB, Patterson DA. Gas Permeation Properties, Physical Aging, and Its Mitigation in High Free Volume Glassy Polymers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5871-5911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xian Low
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Peter M. Budd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Darrell A. Patterson
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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20
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Yavari M, Fang M, Nguyen H, Merkel TC, Lin H, Okamoto Y. Dioxolane-Based Perfluoropolymers with Superior Membrane Gas Separation Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Yavari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Timothy C. Merkel
- Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc., 39630 Eureka Drive, Newark, California 94560, United States
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yoshiyuki Okamoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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21
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Light-harvesting synthetic nano- and micromotors: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12218-12230. [PMID: 28809422 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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22
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Rizzuto C, Caravella A, Brunetti A, Park CH, Lee YM, Drioli E, Barbieri G, Tocci E. Sorption and Diffusion of CO2/N2 in gas mixture in thermally-rearranged polymeric membranes: A molecular investigation. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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24
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Li C, Strachan A. Free volume evolution in the process of epoxy curing and its effect on mechanical properties. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Frezzato D, Saielli G. Distribution and Dynamic Properties of Xenon Dissolved in the Ionic Smectic Phase of [C16mim][NO3]: MD Simulation and Theoretical Model. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2578-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Frezzato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- CNR
Institute on Membrane Technology, Unit of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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26
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Tong D, Wang X, Ali M, Lan CQ, Wang Y, Drioli E, Wang Z, Cui Z. Preparation of Hyflon AD60/PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes for vacuum membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Belov N, Nizhegorodova Y, Zharov A, Konovalova I, Shantarovich V, Yampolskii Y. A new polymer, poly(perfluoropropylvinyl ether) and its comparison with other perfluorinated membrane materials. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yampolskii
- A.V. Topchiev
Institute of
Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky
Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Belov
- A.V. Topchiev
Institute of
Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky
Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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29
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Khan MM, Filiz V, Emmler T, Abetz V, Koschine T, Rätzke K, Faupel F, Egger W, Ravelli L. Free volume and gas permeation in anthracene maleimide-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:214-27. [PMID: 26030881 PMCID: PMC4496641 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High free-volume copolymers were prepared via polycondensation with 2,3,5,6,-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) in which a portion of the 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane (TTSBI) of PIM-1 was replaced with dibutyl anthracene maleimide (4bIII). An investigation of free volume using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and gas permeation measurements was carried out for the thin film composite copolymer membranes and compared to PIM-1. The average free volume hole size and the gas permeance of the copolymer membranes increased with decreasing TTSBI content in the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntazim Munir Khan
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Thomas Emmler
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Toenjes Koschine
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel, Technical Faculty, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Klaus Rätzke
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel, Technical Faculty, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel, Technical Faculty, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - Luca Ravelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
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30
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Tiwari RR, Smith ZP, Lin H, Freeman B, Paul D. Gas permeation in thin films of “high free-volume” glassy perfluoropolymers: Part II. CO2 plasticization and sorption. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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32
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Tocci E, De Lorenzo L, Bernardo P, Clarizia G, Bazzarelli F, Mckeown NB, Carta M, Malpass-Evans R, Friess K, Pilnáček K, Lanč M, Yampolskii YP, Strarannikova L, Shantarovich V, Mauri M, Jansen JC. Molecular Modeling and Gas Permeation Properties of a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity Composed of Ethanoanthracene and Tröger’s Base Units. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501469m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luana De Lorenzo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Paola Bernardo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gabriele Clarizia
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Bazzarelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Neil B. Mckeown
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Mariolino Carta
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Richard Malpass-Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Karel Friess
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Pilnáček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Lanč
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Yuri. P. Yampolskii
- A.V. Topchiev
Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Strarannikova
- A.V. Topchiev
Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Shantarovich
- N. N. Semenov Institute
of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina
Street, 117334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R.Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes C. Jansen
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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33
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Branken D, Krieg H, Lachmann G, Carstens P. Modelling sorption and diffusion of NF 3 and CF 4 in Teflon AF perfluoropolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Ramani R, Das V, Singh A, Ramachandran R, Amarendra G, Alam S. Free Volume Study on the Origin of Dielectric Constant in a Fluorine-Containing Polyimide Blend: Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene)/Poly(ether imide). J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:12282-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506039y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ramani
- Polymer
Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur 208 013, India
| | - V. Das
- Polymer
Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur 208 013, India
| | - A. Singh
- Polymer
Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur 208 013, India
| | - R. Ramachandran
- Materials
Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - G. Amarendra
- Materials
Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - S. Alam
- Polymer
Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur 208 013, India
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35
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Separation of NF3 and CF4 using amorphous glassy perfluoropolymer Teflon AF and Hyflon AD60 membranes. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Park CH, Tocci E, Kim S, Kumar A, Lee YM, Drioli E. A Simulation Study on OH-Containing Polyimide (HPI) and Thermally Rearranged Polybenzoxazoles (TR-PBO): Relationship between Gas Transport Properties and Free Volume Morphology. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2746-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- Institute on Membrane
Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo
17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane
Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo
17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Seungju Kim
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Apurva Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Young Moo Lee
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane
Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo
17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci
Cubo 42/A, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
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37
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Chang KS, Wu ZC, Kim S, Tung KL, Lee YM, Lin YF, Lai JY. Molecular modeling of poly(benzoxazole-co-imide) membranes: A structure characterization and performance investigation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Xia Z, Trexler M, Wu F, Jean YC, Van Horn JD. Free-volume hole relaxation in molecularly oriented glassy polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:022603. [PMID: 25353498 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.022603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The free-volume hole relaxation in polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) with different levels of molecular orientation was studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy at variable pressures. The molecular orientation was achieved through a simple shear process performed at different temperatures and extrusion rates. It has been demonstrated that the β relaxation is largely responsible for the free-volume hole anisotropy after simple shear orientation. Upon the removal of mechanical force, the deformation of the free volume is mostly reversible at temperatures much lower than the glass transition. No strong correlation between macroscopic deformation and the free-volume hole deformation was found regardless of molecular orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xia
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Morgana Trexler
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Fei Wu
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Yan-Ching Jean
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - J David Van Horn
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
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39
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Konietzny R, Koschine T, Rätzke K, Staudt C. POSS-hybrid membranes for the removal of sulfur aromatics by pervaporation. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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41
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Hougham GG, Jean YC. Relative Contributions of Polarizability and Free Volume in Reduction of Refractive Index and Dielectric Constant with Fluorine Substitution in Polyimides by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth G. Hougham
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center; P. O. Box 218, 1101 Kitchawan Road Yorktown Heights New York 10598 USA
| | - Y. C. Jean
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kansas City Missouri 64110 USA
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42
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Jean YC, Van Horn JD, Hung WS, Lee KR. Perspective of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy in Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401309x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. C. Jean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill
Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - J. David Van Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill
Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 32023
| | - Kuier-Rarn Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 32023
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43
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Friess K, Jansen JC, Poživil J, Hanta V, Hynek V, Vopička O, Zgažar M, Bernardo P, Izák P, Drioli E. Anomalous Phenomena Occurring during Permeation and Sorption of C1–C6 Alcohol Vapors in Teflon AF 2400. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303013y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Friess
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes C. Jansen
- ITM−CNR, Institute on Membrane Technology, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Jaroslav Poživil
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hanta
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hynek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vopička
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Zgažar
- MemBrain s.r.o., Pod Vinicí 87,
Stráž po Ralskem, 471 27, Czech Republic
| | - Paola Bernardo
- ITM−CNR, Institute on Membrane Technology, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pavel Izák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Enrico Drioli
- ITM−CNR, Institute on Membrane Technology, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials, The University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 44/A, 87036 Rende (CS),
Italy
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44
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Belov NA, Safronov AP, Yampolskii YP. Inverse-gas chromatography and the thermodynamics of sorption in polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x1210001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Park CH, Tocci E, Lee YM, Drioli E. Thermal Treatment Effect on the Structure and Property Change between Hydroxy-Containing Polyimides (HPIs) and Thermally Rearranged Polybenzoxazole (TR-PBO). J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12864-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307365y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, Rende (CS),
87036, Italy
| | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, Rende (CS),
87036, Italy
| | - Young Moo Lee
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
- WCU Department of
Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, Rende (CS),
87036, Italy
- WCU Department of
Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 42/A, Rende (CS), 87036,
Italy
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46
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47
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Konietzny R, Barth C, Harms S, Raetzke K, Koelsch P, Staudt C. Structural investigations and swelling behavior of 6FDA copolyimide thin films. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Jansen JC, Friess K, Drioli E. Organic vapour transport in glassy perfluoropolymer membranes: A simple semi-quantitative approach to analyze clustering phenomena by time lag measurements. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Račko D, Capponi S, Alvarez F, Colmenero J. The free volume of poly(vinyl methylether) as computed in a wide temperature range and at length scales up to the nanoregion. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044512. [PMID: 21280753 DOI: 10.1063/1.3525380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we focus on the free volume evaluations from different points of view, including the aspect of probe sizes, temperature, and cavity threshold. The free volume structure is analyzed on structures of poly(vinyl methylether) prepared by fully atomistic molecular dynamics. At first, the temperature behavior of an overall free volume and a free volume separated into individual cavities is shown. The origin of large free volume cavities is explained. A complex view on the cavity number is provided, while a complicated behavior previously observed is now explained. The number of large cavities remained almost constant with the temperature. Oppositely, the number of small cavities related to the atomic packing changes with temperature in a distinct way for glassy and supercooled regions. The cavity number maxima determine a percolation threshold according to percolation theory. The change in polymer properties with temperature can be related to a percolation of the free volume according to the free volume theory, when proper probe radii ∼0.8 Å are used for its observation. A construction of probabilistic distribution of free volume sizes is suggested. The free volume distributions reported here are bimodal. The bimodal character is explained by two different packings--atomic and segmental--forming a prepeak and a main peak on the distribution. Further attention is dedicated to comparisons of the computed free volume sizes and the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetimes. The prepeak of the free volume distribution is probably unseen by o-Ps because of a cavity threshold limit. The effect of the shape factor on the computed o-Ps lifetimes is tested. The quasicavities obtained by redistributing the free volume maintain the ratio of the main dimensions with temperature. Finally, novel data on the cavity environment are provided, while it is suggested how these can be useful with the recent developments in the positron annihilation methods. The coordination number of large cavities with the polymer segments is around 1, as predicted in the free volume theory. Similarly to the percolation and the cavity number, the coordination number exhibits a change when explored by a suitable probe radius ∼0.8 Å. The insightful visualizations showed properties of interest investigated within the actual work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Račko
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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50
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Harms S, Rätzke K, Faupel F, Schneider GJ, Willner L, Richter D. Free Volume of Interphases in Model Nanocomposites Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1022692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Harms
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Rätzke
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Neutronenstreuung and Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lutz Willner
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Neutronenstreuung and Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Richter
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Neutronenstreuung and Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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