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Shrestha UM, Han L, Saito T, Schweizer KS, Dadmun MD. Mechanism of Soft Nanoparticle Diffusion in Entangled Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh M. Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lu Han
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark D. Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Hesami M, Steffen W, Butt HJ, Floudas G, Koynov K. Molecular Probe Diffusion in Thin Polymer Films: Evidence for a Layer with Enhanced Mobility Far above the Glass Temperature. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:425-430. [PMID: 35619337 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied experimentally the influence of interfaces on the dynamics in thin polymer films at temperatures far above the glass temperature (Tg + 80 °C). Polyisoprene (PI) was employed as a model system. We examined glass substrate supported films with thicknesses (d) spanning the range from 10 μm to 10 nm that correspond to d/Rg from 400 to 1, where Rg is the polymer radius of gyration. We employed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to monitor the translational diffusion of small fluorescent tracer molecules, dispersed at nanomolar concentrations in the PI matrix. In thick films, a single diffusion process correlated to the bulk segmental dynamics of the matrix polymer was present. However, when the film thickness was smaller than the normal dimension of the FCS observation volume, a second, faster diffusion process appeared, reflecting enhanced segmental dynamics near the free surface. Our results provide direct experimental evidence for the existence of a layer with enhanced mobility near the free surface of supported PI films at temperatures as high as 80 °C above the bulk Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Hesami
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Steffen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Juergen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Vagias A, Schultze J, Doroshenko M, Koynov K, Butt HJ, Gauthier M, Fytas G, Vlassopoulos D. Molecular Tracer Diffusion in Nondilute Polymer Solutions: Universal Master Curve and Glass Transition Effects. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Vagias
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mario Gauthier
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - George Fytas
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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Goossens K, Prior M, Pacheco V, Willbold D, Müllen K, Enderlein J, Hofkens J, Gregor I. Accurate Diffusion Coefficients of Organosoluble Reference Dyes in Organic Media Measured by Dual-Focus Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7360-7373. [PMID: 26144863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2fFCS) is a versatile method to determine accurate diffusion coefficients of fluorescent species in an absolute, reference-free manner. Whereas (either classical or dual-focus) FCS has been employed primarily in the life sciences and thus in aqueous environments, it is increasingly being used in materials chemistry, as well. These measurements are often performed in nonaqueous media such as organic solvents. However, the diffusion coefficients of reference dyes in organic solvents are not readily available. For this reason we determined the translational diffusion coefficients of several commercially available organosoluble fluorescent dyes by means of 2fFCS. The selected dyes and organic solvents span the visible spectrum and a broad range of refractive indices, respectively. The diffusion coefficients can be used as absolute reference values for the calibration of experimental FCS setups, allowing quantitative measurements to be performed. We show that reliable information about the hydrodynamic dimensions of the fluorescent species (including noncommercial compounds) within organic media can be extracted from the 2fFCS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- †KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F (PO Box 2404), 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- ‡Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 101-dong, UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Prior
- §Georg August University, Third Institute of Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Pacheco
- ⊥Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- ∥Albert Ludwigs University, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Hermann-Staudinger-Haus, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- ⊥Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- #Heinrich Heine University, Institute for Physical Biology, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- ∇Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- §Georg August University, Third Institute of Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- †KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F (PO Box 2404), 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ingo Gregor
- §Georg August University, Third Institute of Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu L, Padding JT, den Otter WK, Briels WJ. Coarse-grained simulations of moderately entangled star polyethylene melts. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244912. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Makrocka-Rydzyk M, Wegner K, Szutkowski K, Kozak M, Jurga S, Gao H, Matyjaszewski K. Morphology and NMR Self-Diffusion in PBA/PEO Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Z PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2012.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Morphology and NMR self-diffusion of two miktoarm star copolymers differing in fraction of poly(n-butyl acrylate) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PBA and PEO) arms were under investigation. Structural characteristics of copolymers was obtained on the basis of Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) investigations. The phase separated nanoscale morphology of the miktoarm star copolymer with a high fraction of PEO arms was confirmed by Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) studies. The modified Avrami approach was used to obtain the information on the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the studied systems. It was observed that the crystallization in the system with a higher content of PBA, occurring at higher undercooling, was characterized by a higher crystallization rate. It was also found that increase in PBA arms fraction leads to the reduction in the size of PEO domains. The activation energy of the crystallization process, estimated with Kissinger's method, is lower for miktoarm star copolymer with higher PBA content, which results from facilitation of the transport of PEO chains in the direction of the growing crystal due to the presence of mobile PBA arms. The self-diffusion studies of miktoarm star copolymers melts, carried out with the Pulsed-Gradient STimulated-Echo (PGSTE) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique, reveals the existence of at least two types of diffusion mechanisms in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Wegner
- Adam Mickiewicz University, NanoBioMedical Centre, Poznán, Polen
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Poznán, Polen
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Poznán, Polen
| | | | - Haifeng Gao
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Doroshenko M, Gonzales M, Best A, Butt HJ, Koynov K, Floudas G. Monitoring the Dynamics of Phase Separation in a Polymer Blend by Confocal Imaging and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1568-73. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Aggregation behavior of thermo-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s at the cloud point investigated by FCS and SANS. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deres A, Floudas GA, Müllen K, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver F, Enderlein J, Uji-i H, Hofkens J. The Origin of Heterogeneity of Polymer Dynamics near the Glass Temperature As Probed by Defocused Imaging. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ania Deres
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - George A. Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Frans De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Tae Jung H, June Sung B, Yethiraj A. The influence of the polymer chain stiffness on tracer diffusion in polymeric matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zettl U, Ballauff M, Harnau L. A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study of macromolecular tracer diffusion in polymer solutions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:494111. [PMID: 21406777 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/49/494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the manner in which the dynamics of tracer polystyrene chains varies with the concentration of matrix polystyrene chains dissolved in toluene. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and theory, it is shown that the cooperative diffusion coefficient of the matrix polystyrene chains can be measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in the semidilute entangled concentration regime. In addition the self-diffusion coefficient of the tracer polystyrene chains can be detected for arbitrary concentrations. The measured cooperative diffusion coefficient is independent of the molecular weight of the tracer polystyrene chains because it is a characteristic feature of the transient entanglement network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie I, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Dorfschmid M, Müllen K, Zumbusch A, Wöll D. Translational and Rotational Diffusion during Radical Bulk Polymerization: A Comparative Investigation by Full Correlation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (fcFCS). Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100888s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Dorfschmid
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Cherdhirankorn T, Retsch M, Jonas U, Butt HJ, Koynov K. Tracer diffusion in silica inverse opals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10141-10146. [PMID: 20232884 DOI: 10.1021/la1002572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We employed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study the diffusion of small fluorescence tracers in liquid filled silica inverse opals. The inverse opals consisted of a nanoporous silica scaffold spanning a hexagonal crystal of spherical voids of 360 nm diameter connected by circular pores of 70 nm diameter. The diffusion of Alexa Fluor 488 in water and of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) in toluene was studied. Three diffusion modes could be distinguished: (1) Free diffusion limited by the geometric constraints given by the inverse opal, where, as compared to the free solution, this diffusion is slowed down by a factor of 3-4, (2) slow diffusion inside the nanoporous matrix of the silica scaffold, and (3) diffusion limited by adsorption. On the length scale of the focus of a confocal microscope of roughly 400 nm diffusion was non-Fickian in all cases.
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