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Schmitt A, Thompson BC. Relating Structure to Properties in Non-Conjugated Pendant Electroactive Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300219. [PMID: 37277618 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) are an emerging class of polymers that offer the potential of combining the desirable optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers with the superior synthetic methodologies and stability of traditional non-conjugated polymers. Despite an increasing number of studies focused on NCPEPs, particularly on understanding fundamental structure-property relationships, no attempts have been made to provide an overview on established relationships to date. This review showcases selected reports on NCPEP homopolymers and copolymers that demonstrate how optical, electronic, and physical properties of the polymers are affected by tuning of key structural variables such as the chemical structure of the polymer backbone, molecular weight, tacticity, spacer length, the nature of the pendant group, and in the case of copolymers the ratios between different comonomers and between individual polymer blocks. Correlation of structural features with improved π-stacking and enhanced charge carrier mobility serve as the primary figures of merit in evaluating impact on NCPEP properties. While this review is not intended to serve as a comprehensive summary of all reports on tuning of structural parameters in NCPEPs, it highlights relevant established structure-property relationships that can serve as a guideline for more targeted design of novel NCPEPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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Zaar F, Olsson S, Emanuelsson R, Strømme M, Sjödin M. Characterization of a porphyrin-functionalized conducting polymer: A first step towards sustainable electrocatalysis. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Strietzel C, Oka K, Strømme M, Emanuelsson R, Sjödin M. An Alternative to Carbon Additives: The Fabrication of Conductive Layers Enabled by Soluble Conducting Polymer Precursors - A Case Study for Organic Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5349-5356. [PMID: 33481558 PMCID: PMC7877702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing organic redox-active materials as electrodes is a promising strategy to enable innovative battery designs with low environmental footprint during production, which can be hard to achieve with traditional inorganic materials. Most electrode compositions, organic or inorganic, require binders for adhesion and conducting additives to enable charge transfer through the electrode, in addition to the redox-active material. Depending on the redox-active material, many types and combinations of binders and conducting additives have been considered. We designed a conducting polymer (CP), with a soluble, trimeric unit based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (E) and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (P) as the repeat unit, acting as a combined binder and conducting additive. While CPs as additives have been explored earlier, in the current work, the use of a trimeric precursor enables solution processing together with the organic redox-active material. To evaluate this concept, the CP was blended with a redox polymer (RP), which contained a naphthoquinone (NQ) redox group at different ratios. The highest capacity for the total weight of the CP/RP electrode was 77 mAh/g at 1 C in the case of 30% EPE and 70% naphthoquinone-substituted poly(allylamine) (PNQ), which is 70% of the theoretical capacity given by the RP in the electrode. We further used this electrode in an aqueous battery, with a MnSO4 cathode. The battery displayed a voltage of 0.95 V, retaining 93% of the initial capacity even after 500 cycles at 1 C. The strategy of using a solution-processable CP precursor opens up for new organic battery designs and facile evaluation of RPs in such.
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Oka K, Strietzel C, Emanuelsson R, Nishide H, Oyaizu K, Strømme M, Sjödin M. Conducting Redox Polymer as a Robust Organic Electrode-Active Material in Acidic Aqueous Electrolyte towards Polymer-Air Secondary Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2280-2285. [PMID: 32267605 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials receive increasing attention as environmentally benign and sustainable electrode-active materials. We present a conducting redox polymer (CRP) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with naphthoquinone pendant group, which is formed from a stable suspension of a trimeric precursor and an oxoammonium cation as oxidant. This suspension allows us to easily coat the polymer onto a current collector, opening up use of roll-to-roll processing or ink-jet printing for electrode preparation. The CRP showed a full capacity of 76 mAh g-1 even at a high C rate of 100 C in acidic aqueous electrolyte. These properties make the CRP a promising candidate as anode-active material; a polymer-air secondary battery was fabricated with the CRP as anode, a conventional Pt/C catalyst as cathode, and sulfuric acid aqueous solution as electrolyte. This battery yielded a discharge voltage of 0.50 V and showed good cycling stability with 97 % capacity retention after 100 cycles and high rate capabilities up to 20 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 165-8555, Japan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Strietzel
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Emanuelsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 165-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 165-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 165-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 165-8555, Japan
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sjödin
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers Made of Cobalt and 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene-Bisterpyridine Complexes for Electrochromic Applications. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Thilanga Liyanage AD, Milián-Medina B, Zhang B, Gierschner J, Watson MD. ¿Conjugated? Copolymers from a Pechmann Dye Derivative. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Milián-Medina
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced StudiesIMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mark D. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40506 USA
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7
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Progress in side-chain thiophene-containing polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Dye-functionalized polymers via ring opening metathesis polymerization: principal routes and applications. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Damaceanu MD, Gilsing HD, Schulz B, Arvinte A, Bruma M. An easily functionalizable oligo(oxyethylene)- and ester-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivative exhibiting alkali metal ion response. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08275c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-vis spectra of P(ProDOT-EO-ester) in THF in the presence of different cations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard Schulz
- Institute of Thin Film and Microsensoric Technology
- 14513-Teltow, Germany
| | - Adina Arvinte
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi-700487, Romania
| | - Maria Bruma
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi-700487, Romania
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Sukegawa T, Kai A, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. Synthesis of Pendant Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical-Containing Poly(norbornene)s as Ambipolar Electrode-Active Materials. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sukegawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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11
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Dirlam PT, Kim HJ, Arrington KJ, Chung WJ, Sahoo R, Hill LJ, Costanzo PJ, Theato P, Char K, Pyun J. Single chain polymer nanoparticles via sequential ATRP and oxidative polymerization. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Aitken BS, Wieruszewski PM, Graham KR, Reynolds JR, Wagener KB. Perfectly Regioregular Electroactive Polyolefins: Impact of Inter-Chromophore Distance on PLED EQE. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Aitken
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Patrick M. Wieruszewski
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Kenneth R. Graham
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
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14
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Popere BC, Pelle AMD, Poe A, Thayumanavan S. Macromolecular architectures for organic photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4043-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Dey T, Invernale MA, Ding Y, Buyukmumcu Z, Sotzing GA. Poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)s as a Single Platform for Full Color Realization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102580x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Dey
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Michael A. Invernale
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yujie Ding
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zeki Buyukmumcu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gregory A. Sotzing
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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16
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Mei J, Aitken BS, Graham KR, Wagener KB, Reynolds JR. Regioregular Electroactive Polyolefins with Precisely Sequenced π-Conjugated Chromophores. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Mei
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Brian S. Aitken
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Kenneth R. Graham
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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18
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Xu Y, Smith MD, Geer MF, Pellechia PJ, Brown JC, Wibowo AC, Shimizu LS. Thermal Reaction of a Columnar Assembled Diacetylene Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5334-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Michael F. Geer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Julius C. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Arief C. Wibowo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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