1
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Bae S, Noack MM, Yager KG. Surface enrichment dictates block copolymer orientation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6901-6912. [PMID: 36876525 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orientation of block copolymer (BCP) morphology in thin films is critical to applications as nanostructured coatings. Despite being well-studied, the ability to control BCP orientation across all possible block constituents remains challenging. Here, we deploy coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study diblock copolymer ordering in thin films, focusing on chain makeup, substrate surface energy, and surface tension disparity between the two constituent blocks. We explore the multi-dimensional parameter space of ordering using a machine-learning approach, where an autonomous loop using a Gaussian process (GP) control algorithm iteratively selects high-value simulations to compute. The GP kernel was engineered to capture known symmetries. The trained GP model serves as both a complete map of system response, and a robust means of extracting material knowledge. We demonstrate that the vertical orientation of BCP phases depends on several counter-balancing energetic contributions, including entropic and enthalpic material enrichment at interfaces, distortion of morphological objects through the film depth, and of course interfacial energies. BCP lamellae are found more resistant to these effects, and thus more robustly form vertical orientations across a broad range of conditions; while BCP cylinders are found to be highly sensitive to surface tension disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Bae
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Marcus M Noack
- The Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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2
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Sun J, Lee C, Osuji CO, Gopalan P. Synthesis of High Etch Contrast Poly(3-hydroxystyrene)-Based Triblock Copolymers and Self-Assembly of Sub-5 nm Features. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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4
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Zhou J, Thapar V, Chen Y, Wu BX, Craig GSW, Nealey PF, Hur SM, Chang TH, Xiong S. Self-Aligned Assembly of a Poly(2-vinylpyridine)- b-Polystyrene- b-Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Triblock Copolymer on Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41190-41199. [PMID: 34470104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is one of the most promising patterning techniques for patterning sub-10 nm features. However, at such small feature sizes, it is becoming increasingly difficult to fabricate the guiding pattern for the DSA process, and it is necessary to explore alternative guiding methods for DSA to achieve long-range ordered alignment. Here, we report the self-aligned assembly of a triblock copolymer, poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP-b-PS-b-P2VP) on neutral graphene nanoribbons with the gap consisting of a P2VP-preferential silicon oxide (SiO2) substrate via solvent vapor annealing. The assembled P2VP-b-PS-b-P2VP demonstrated long-range, one-dimensional alignment on the graphene substrate in a direction perpendicular to the boundary of the graphene and substrate with a half-pitch size of 8 nm, which greatly alleviates the lithography resolution required for traditional chemoepitaxy DSA. A wide processing window is demonstrated with the gap between graphene stripes varying from 10 to 100 nm, overcoming the restriction on widths of guiding patterns to have commensurate domain spacing. When the gap was reduced to 10 nm, P2VP-b-PS-b-P2VP formed a straight-line pattern on both the graphene and the substrate. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the self-aligned assembly of the triblock copolymer on the graphene nanoribbons is guided at the boundary of parallel and perpendicular lamellae on graphene and SiO2, respectively. Simulations also indicate that the swelling of a system allows for rapid rearrangement of chains and quickly anneal any misaligned grains and defects. The effect of the interaction strength between SiO2 and P2VP on the self-assembly is systematically investigated in simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Vikram Thapar
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bi-Xian Wu
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Travis S. Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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6
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Kim HJ, Cho BK. Formation of a Micellar Pattern on Top of the Cylindrical Morphology in (PS)4-b-PLA Copolymer Thin Films. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Wang HS, Kim KH, Bang J. Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800728. [PMID: 30500096 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer thin films are highly versatile and accessible materials capable of producing nanofeatures in the size regime of a few to hundreds of nanometers by a simple spin-coating-and-anneal process. Unfortunately, this simple protocol usually leads to parallel microdomains, which limits the applicability of such nanofeatures. A great deal of effort has been put into achieving perpendicular microdomains, but those that incorporate thermal annealing are arguably the most practical and reproducible in the lab and industry. This review discusses the recent ongoing efforts on various thermal approaches to achieving perpendicular microdomains in order to provide the readers with a toolbox to work with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sunday DF, Chang AB, Liman CD, Gann E, Delongchamp DM, Thomsen L, Matsen MW, Grubbs RH, Soles CL. Self-Assembly of ABC Bottlebrush Triblock Terpolymers with Evidence for Looped Backbone Conformations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher D. Liman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Eliot Gann
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dean M. Delongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mark W. Matsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher L. Soles
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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9
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10
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Directed self-assembly of block copolymers by chemical or topographical guiding patterns: Optimizing molecular architecture, thin-film properties, and kinetics. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Lo TY, Dehghan A, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Shi AC, Ho RM. Orienting Block Copolymer Thin Films via Entropy. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ya Lo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ashkan Dehghan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Mei DH, Qiu D, Yan DD. Structure and interaction of adsorbing symmetrical triblock polyampholyte solution between two planes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Man X, Tang J, Zhou P, Yan D, Andelman D. Lamellar Diblock Copolymers on Rough Substrates: Self-Consistent Field Theory Studies. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pan Zhou
- Department
of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department
of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - David Andelman
- Raymond and
Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Mohagheghi M, Khomami B. Elucidating the Morphological Complexities of Linear Symmetric Triblock Polymers Confined Between Two Parallel Plates: A Self-Consistent Field Theoretic Approach. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouge Mohagheghi
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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15
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Otsuka I, Zhang Y, Isono T, Rochas C, Kakuchi T, Satoh T, Borsali R. Sub-10 nm Scale Nanostructures in Self-Organized Linear Di- and Triblock Copolymers and Miktoarm Star Copolymers Consisting of Maltoheptaose and Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502295y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Otsuka
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Cyrille Rochas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Redouane Borsali
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Ramírez-Hernández A, Suh HS, Nealey PF, de Pablo JJ. Control of Directed Self-Assembly in Block Polymers by Polymeric Topcoats. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500411q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hyo Seon Suh
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bates
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Maher
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin W. Janes
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C. Grant Willson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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18
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Nikoubashman A, Register RA, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Self-Assembly of Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400867s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nikoubashman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
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19
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Luo M, Seppala JE, Albert JNL, Lewis RL, Mahadevapuram N, Stein GE, Epps TH. Manipulating Nanoscale Morphologies in Cylinder-Forming Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) Thin Films Using Film Thickness and Substrate Surface Chemistry Gradients. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302410q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Seppala
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ronald L. Lewis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Nikhila Mahadevapuram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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20
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Bates CM, Seshimo T, Maher MJ, Durand WJ, Cushen JD, Dean LM, Blachut G, Ellison CJ, Willson CG. Polarity-switching top coats enable orientation of sub-10-nm block copolymer domains. Science 2012; 338:775-9. [PMID: 23139327 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) must necessarily have high interaction parameters (χ), a fundamental measure of block incompatibility, to self-assemble into sub-10-nanometer features. Unfortunately, a high χ often results from blocks that have disparate interfacial energies, which makes the formation of useful thin-film domain orientations challenging. To mitigate interfacial forces, polymers composed of maleic anhydride and two other components have been designed as top coats that can be spin-coated from basic aqueous solution in the ring-opened, acid salt form. When baked, the anhydride reforms and switches polarity to create a neutral layer enabling BCP feature alignment not possible by thermal annealing alone. Top coats were applied to the lamella-forming block copolymers poly(styrene-block-trimethylsilylstyrene-block-styrene) and poly(trimethylsilylstyrene-block-lactide), which were thermally annealed to produce perpendicular features with linewidths of 15 and 9 nanometers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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21
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Seppala JE, Lewis RL, Epps TH. Spatial and orientation control of cylindrical nanostructures in ABA triblock copolymer thin films by raster solvent vapor annealing. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9855-9862. [PMID: 23035916 DOI: 10.1021/nn303416p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a spatially resolved approach for the solvent vapor annealing (SVA) of block copolymer thin films that permits the facile and relatively rapid manipulation of nanoscale ordering and nanostructure orientation. In our method, a localized (point) SVA zone is created through the use of a vapor delivery nozzle. This point annealing zone can be rastered across the thin film using a motorized stage to control the local nanoscale structure and orientation in a cylinder-forming ABA triblock copolymer thin film. At moderate rastering speeds (∼100 μm/s) (i.e., relatively modest annealing time at a given point), the film displayed ordered cylindrical nanostructures with the cylinders oriented parallel to the substrate surface. As the rastering speed was decreased (∼10 μm/s), the morphology transformed into a surface nanostructure indicative of cylinders oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. These perpendicular cylinder orientations also were created by rastering multiple times over the same region, and this effect was found when rastering in either retrace (overlapping) or crossed-path (orthogonal) geometries. Similar trends in nanostructure orientation and ordering were obtained from various nozzle diameters by accounting for differences in solvent flux and annealing time, illustrating the universality of this approach. Finally, we note that our "stylus-based" raster solvent vapor annealing technique allows a given point to be solvent annealed approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster than conventional "bell jar" solvent vapor annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Seppala
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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22
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Self-assembly of linear triblock copolymers under cylindrical nanopore confinements. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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24
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Ye X, Edwards BJ, Khomami B. Morphology Tailoring of Thin Film Block Copolymers on Patterned Substrates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:392-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Ha JG, Song J, Lee JK, Cho BK, Zin WC. Thickness-dependent morphological behavior of dendritic (PS)2-b-PLA copolymer thin films on a SiO2 substrate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3418-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Vu T, Mahadevapuram N, Perera GM, Stein GE. Controlling Domain Orientations in Thin Films of AB and ABA Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thai Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Nikhila Mahadevapuram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Ginusha M. Perera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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27
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Mishra V, Fredrickson GH, Kramer EJ. SCFT Simulations of an Order–Order Transition in Thin Films of Diblock and Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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28
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Thompson RB, Park CB, Chen P. Reduction of polymer surface tension by crystallized polymer nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2011; 133:144913. [PMID: 20950047 DOI: 10.1063/1.3493334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-consistent field theory is applied to investigate the effects of crystallized polymer nanoparticles on polymer surface tension. It is predicted that the nanoparticles locate preferentially at the polymer surface and significantly reduce the surface tension, in agreement with experiment. In addition to the reduction of surface tension, the width of the polymer surface is found to narrow. The reduced width and surface tension are due to the smaller spatial extent of the nanoparticles compared to the polymer. This allows the interface to become less diffuse and so reduces the energies of interaction at the surface, which lowers the surface tension. The solubility of the surrounding solvent phase into the polymer melt is mostly unchanged, a very slight decrease being detectable. The solubility is constant because away from the interface, the system is homogeneous and the replacement of polymer with nanoparticles has little effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell B Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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29
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Sohn KE, Kojio K, Berry BC, Karim A, Coffin RC, Bazan GC, Kramer EJ, Sprung M, Wang J. Surface Effects on the Thin Film Morphology of Block Copolymers with Bulk Order−Order Transitions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Sohn
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Ken Kojio
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Brian C. Berry
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Robert C. Coffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Michael Sprung
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Jin Wang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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