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Wang X, Ma L, Wang X, Zhao W, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang F. Thermal-Robust Phenoxyimine Titanium Catalysts Bearing Bulky Sidearms for High Temperature Ethylene Homo-/Co- Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:902. [PMID: 38611160 PMCID: PMC11013879 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A family of titanium complexes (Ti1-Ti7) with the general formula LTiCl3, supported by tridentate phenoxyimine [O-NO] ligands (L1-L7) bearing bulky sidearms, were synthesized by treating the corresponding ligands with stoichiometric amount of TiCl4. All the ligands and complexes were well characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, in which ortho- methoxyl groups on N-aryl moieties shifted to downfield, corroborating the successful coordination reaction. Structural optimization by DFT calculations revealed that one of the phenyl groups on dibenzhydryl moiety could form π-π stacking interaction with the salicylaldimine plane, because of which the obtained titanium complexes revealed good thermal stabilities for high-temperature polymerization of ethylene. The thermal robustness of the complexes was closely related to the strength of π-π stacking interactions, which were mainly influenced by the substituents on the dibenzhydryl moieties; Ti1, Ti4 and Ti5 emerged as the three best-performing complexes at 110 °C. With the aid of such π-π stacking interactions, the complexes were also found to be active at >150 °C, although decreased activities were witnessed. Besides homopolymerizations, complexes Ti1-Ti7 were also found to be active for the high-temperature copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene, but with medium incorporation percentage, demonstrating their medium copolymerization capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuequan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Collins Rice C, Hayden JA, Hawkins AD, Morris LJ, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, O’Hare D. Trends in Structure and Ethylene Polymerization Reactivity of Transition-Metal Permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) Complexes. Organometallics 2024; 43:540-556. [PMID: 38425384 PMCID: PMC10900520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A family of ansa-permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) transition-metal chloride complexes has been synthesized and characterized (1-7; {(η5-C9Me6)Me(R″)Si(2-R-4-R'-C6H2O)}MCl2; R,R' = Me, tBu, Cumyl (CMe2Ph); R″ = Me, nPr, Ph; M = Ti, Zr, Hf). The ancillary chloride ligands could readily be exchanged with halides, alkyls, alkoxides, aryloxides, or amides to form PHENI* complexes [L]TiX2 (8-17; X = Br, I, Me, CH2SiMe3, CH2Ph, NMe2, OEt, ODipp). The solid-state crystal structures of these PHENI* complexes indicate that one of two conformations may be preferred, parametrized by a characteristic torsion angle (TA'), in which the η5 system is either disposed away from the metal center or toward it. Compared to indenyl PHENICS complexes, the permethylindenyl (I*) ligand appears to favor a conformation in which the metal center is more accessible. When heterogenized on solid polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO), titanium PHENI* complexes exhibit exceptional catalytic activity toward the polymerization of ethylene. Substantially greater activities are reported than for comparable PHENICS catalysts, along with the formation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylenes (UHMWPE). Catalyst-cocatalyst ion pairing effects are observed in cationization experiments and found to be significant in homogeneous catalytic regimes; these effects are also related to the influence of the ancillary ligand leaving groups in slurry-phase polymerizations. Catalytic efficiency and polyethylene molecular weight are found to increase with pressure, and PHENI* catalysts can be categorized as being among the most active for the controlled synthesis of UHMWPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement
G. Collins Rice
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Justin A. Hayden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Adam D. Hawkins
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Louis J. Morris
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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Collins Rice CG, Morris LJ, Buffet JC, Turner ZR, O'Hare D. Towards designer polyolefins: highly tuneable olefin copolymerisation using a single permethylindenyl post-metallocene catalyst. Chem Sci 2023; 15:250-258. [PMID: 38131091 PMCID: PMC10731910 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a highly active permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) titanium catalyst, high to ultra-high molecular weight ethylene-linear-α-olefin (E/LAO) copolymers are prepared in high yields under mild conditions (2 bar, 30-90 °C). Controllable, efficient, and predictable comonomer enchainment provides access to a continuum of copolymer compositions and a vast range of material properties using a single monomer-agnostic catalyst. Multivariate statistical tools are employed that combine the tuneability of this system with the analytical and predictive power of data-derived models, this enables the targeting of polyolefins with designer properties directly through predictive alteration of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Collins Rice
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Louis J Morris
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Zoë R Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Collins Rice CG, Buffet JC, Turner ZR, O'Hare D. Efficient synthesis of thermoplastic elastomeric amorphous ultra-high molecular weight atactic polypropylene (UHMWaPP). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00708h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of amorphous ultra-high molecular weight atactic polypropylene (UHMWaPP), with molecular weights (Mw) up to 2.0 MDa and narrow polydispersities is reported using remarkably efficient permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) titanium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G. Collins Rice
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Collins Rice CG, Buffet JC, Turner ZR, O'Hare D. Supported permethylindenyl titanium catalysts for the synthesis of disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (disUHMWPE). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8600-8603. [PMID: 34365496 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel permethylindenyl-phenoxide (PHENI*) ansa-metallocene titanium complexes have been synthesised and immobilised on inorganic solid supports to afford highly effective catalysts for slurry-phase ethylene polymerisation. When supported on solid polymethylaluminoxane these complexes were both extremely active (up to 3.7 × 106 gPE molTi-1 h-1 bar-1) and produced substantially disentangled polyethylene with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 3.4 MDa (disUHMWPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Collins Rice
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Batke S, Kothe T, Haas M, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Diamidophosphines with six-membered chelates and their coordination chemistry with group 4 metals: development of a trimethylene-methane-tethered [PN2]-type "molecular claw". Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3528-40. [PMID: 26804587 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04911c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the phosphine-tethered diamidophosphine ligands PhP(CH2CH2CH2NHPh)2 (pr[NPN]H2) and PhP(1,2-CH2-C6H4-NHSiMe3)2 (bn[NPN]H2) featuring six-membered N–C3–P chelates was explored with group 4 metals, which allowed for the consecutive development of a new trimethylene-methane-tethered [PN2] scaffold. In the case of the propylene-linked system pr[NPN]H2, access to the sparingly soluble dibenzyl derivative pr[NPN]ZrBn2 (3-Zr) was gained, while thermally sensitive zirconium and hafnium diiodo complexes bn[NPN]MI2 (5-M, M = Zr, Hf) were isolated in the case of the benzylene-linked derivative bn[NPN]H2. Despite the related phosphine-tethered backbone architectures of both of these ligands, their group 4 complexes were found to exhibit either C1-symmetric (bn[NPN]MX2) or averaged CS-symmetric (pr[NPN]MX2) structures in solution. To restrain the overall flexibility of these systems and thereby control the properties of the resulting complexes without disrupting the six-membered chelates, the new trimethylene-methane-tethered N,N′-di-(tert-butyl)-substituted [PN2]H2 protioligand was designed. This tripodal ligand system was prepared on a gram scale and its CS-symmetric dichloro complexes [PN2]MCl2 (6-M, M = Ti, Zr, Hf) were isolated subsequently. The benzene-soluble dibenzyl derivative [PN2]ZrBn2 (7-Zr) was synthesised as well and characterised by X-ray diffraction. These results are discussed not only in conjunction with the known [NPN]-coordinated group 4 complexes incorporating five-membered chelates, but also in the context of “molecular claws” that are related to the new [PN2] tripod.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batke
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - T Kothe
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M Haas
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - H Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang M, Xu G, Wang D, Zou Y, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Group 4 metal complexes bearing the aminoborane motif: origin of tandem ring-opening metathesis/vinyl-insertion polymerization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The origin of tandem ring-opening metathesis/vinyl-insertion polymerization using tailored group 4 metal complexes is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - G. Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - D. Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Y. Zou
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - W. Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - M. R. Buchmeiser
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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Baier MC, Zuideveld MA, Mecking S. Post-Metallocene in der industriellen Polyolefinproduktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baier MC, Zuideveld MA, Mecking S. Post-metallocenes in the industrial production of polyolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9722-44. [PMID: 25146087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Research on "post-metallocene" polymerization catalysis ranges methodologically from fundamental mechanistic studies of polymerization reactions over catalyst design to material properties of the polyolefins prepared. A common goal of these studies is the creation of practically useful new polyolefin materials or polymerization processes. This Review gives a comprehensive overview of post-metallocene polymerization catalysts that have been put into practice. The decisive properties for this success of a given catalyst structure are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz C Baier
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Chemical Materials Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz (Germany) http://www.chemie.uni-konstanz.de/agmeck/
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Hamaki H, Takeda N, Nabika M, Tokitoh N. Catalytic Activities for Olefin Polymerization: Titanium(III), Titanium(IV), Zirconium(IV), and Hafnium(IV) β-Diketiminato, 1-Aza-1,3-butadienyl–Imido, and 1-Aza-2-butenyl–Imido Complexes Bearing an Extremely Bulky Substituent, the Tbt Group (Tbt = 2,4,6-[(Me3Si)2CH]3C6H2). Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hamaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nabika
- Petrochemicals Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 2−1 Kitasode, Sodegaura,
Chiba 299-0295, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Li J, Gao W, Wu Q, Li H, Mu Y. Synthesis and structures of adamantyl-substituted constrained geometry cyclopentadienyl–phenoxytitanium complexes and their catalytic properties for olefin polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rajesh A, Sivaram S. Polymerization of ethylene to branched poly(ethylene)s using ansa-η5-monofluorenyl cyclohexanolato zirconium(IV) complex/methylaluminoxane. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Senda T, Hanaoka H, Oda Y, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Silicon-Bridged Tetramethylcyclopentadienyl−Phenoxy Complexes of Tantalum: Preparation and Alkylation of Et2Si(η5-C5Me4)(3-tBu-5-Me-2-C6H2O)TaCl3 and Generation of Its Cationic Complex. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Senda
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hanaoka
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Oda
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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