1
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Miwa Y, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. Repulsive segregation of fluoroalkyl side chains turns a cohesive polymer into a mechanically tough, ultrafast self-healable, nonsticky elastomer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12009. [PMID: 35879386 PMCID: PMC9314360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic crosslinking of flexible polymer chains via attractive and reversible interactions is widely employed to obtain autonomously self-healable elastomers. However, this design leads to a trade-off relationship between the strength and self-healing speed of the material, i.e., strong crosslinks provide a mechanically strong elastomer with slow self-healing property. To address this issue, we report an "inversion" concept, in which attractive poly(ethyl acrylate-random-methyl acrylate) chains are dynamically crosslinked via repulsively segregated fluoroalkyl side chains attached along the main chain. The resulting elastomer self-heals rapidly (> 90% within 15 min) via weak but abundant van der Waals interactions among matrix polymers, while the dynamic crosslinking provides high fracture stress (≈2 MPa) and good toughness (≈17 MJ m-3). The elastomer has a nonsticky surface and selectively self-heals only at the damaged faces due to the surface segregation of the fluoroalkyl chains. Moreover, our elastomer strongly adheres to polytetrafluoroethylene plates (≈60 N cm-2) via hot pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Miwa Y, Hasegawa K, Udagawa T, Shinke Y, Kutsumizu S. Effect of alkali metal cations on network rearrangement in polyisoprene ionomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17042-17049. [PMID: 35796495 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cations, Li+, Na+, and Cs+, on the structure of ionic aggregates and network rearrangement in carboxylated polyisoprene (PI) ionomers were studied. We found that network rearrangement via interaggregate hopping of metal carboxylates is improved with a decrease in cation size, even though density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated the increase in the attractive interaction between metal carboxylates. At the same time, we also found that as the size of the cation decreases, the inclusion of the PI segment in the ionic aggregate increases. The DFT calculation suggested the cation-π interaction between the cation and double bonds in the PI segment as the cause for the inclusion. The inclusion of the PI segment with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) plasticizes the ionic aggregate and would sterically hinder the attractive interaction between metal carboxylates. In fact, the electron spin resonance measurement revealed a decrease in the Tg of the ionic aggregate with a decrease in cation size. Based on our findings, we proposed that the inclusion of PI segments in the ionic aggregate is the possible cause for the enhancement of network rearrangement in the carboxylated PI ionomers with a decrease in the cation size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yu Shinke
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd, Hiratsuka, 254-8601, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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3
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Miwa Y, Kurachi J, Sugino Y, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. Toward strong self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with dynamic ionic crosslinks. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3384-3394. [PMID: 32073111 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To compromise high mechanical strength and efficient self-healing capability in an elastomer with dynamic crosslinks, optimization of the molecular structure is crucial in addition to the tuning of the dynamic properties of the crosslinks. Herein, we studied the effects of molecular weight, content of carboxy groups, and neutralization level of ionically crosslinked polyisoprene (PI) elastomers on their morphology, network rearrangement behavior, and self-healing and mechanical properties. In this PI elastomer, nanosized sphere-shaped ionic aggregates are formed by both neutralized and non-neutralized carboxy groups that act as stickers. The number density of the ionic aggregates that act as physical crosslinks increased with increase in the stickers' concentration, although the size of the ionic aggregates was independent of the molecular weight and the stickers' concentration. The ionic network was dynamically rearranged by the stickers' hopping between the ionic aggregates, and the rearrangement was accelerated by decreasing the neutralization level. We found that the 2Rg of the PI must be significantly larger than the average distance between the ionic aggregates to obtain a mechanically strong PI elastomer. We also found that further increase in the molecular weight is effective to enhance the dimensional stability of the elastomer. However, this approach reduced the elastomer's self-healing rate at the same time because the diffusion and randomization of the polymer chains between the damaged faces were reduced. In this work, we clearly demonstrated the principle in the optimization of the molecular structure for the ionically crosslinked PI elastomers to tune the mechanical and autonomous self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Junosuke Kurachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugino
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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4
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Miwa Y, Yamada M, Shinke Y, Kutsumizu S. Autonomous self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with high modulus and good toughness based on the synergy of dynamic ionic crosslinks and highly disordered crystals. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel polyisoprene elastomer with high mechanical properties and autonomous self-healing capability at room temperature facilitated by the coexistence of dynamic ionic crosslinks and crystalline components that slowly reassembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Mayu Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Yu Shinke
- The Yokohama Rubber Co
- Ltd
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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5
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Miwa Y, Taira K, Kurachi J, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. A gas-plastic elastomer that quickly self-heals damage with the aid of CO 2 gas. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1828. [PMID: 31015450 PMCID: PMC6478687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing materials are highly desirable because they allow products to maintain their performance. Typical stimuli used for self-healing are heat and light, despite being unsuitable for materials used in certain products as heat can damage other components, and light cannot reach materials located within a product or device. To address these issues, here we show a gas-plastic elastomer with an ionically crosslinked silicone network that quickly self-heals damage in the presence of CO2 gas at normal pressures and room temperature. While a strong elastomer generally exhibits slow self-healing properties, CO2 effectively softened ionic crosslinks in the proposed elastomer, and network rearrangement was promoted. Consequently, self-healing was dramatically accelerated by ~10-fold. Moreover, self-healing was achieved even at -20 °C in the presence of CO2 and the original mechanical strength was quickly re-established during the exchange of CO2 with air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Taira
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Junosuke Kurachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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6
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Baij L, Hermans JJ, Keune K, Iedema PD. Time-Dependent ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Solvent Diffusion and Film Swelling in Oil Paint Model Systems. Macromolecules 2018; 51:7134-7144. [PMID: 30270940 PMCID: PMC6158679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the restoration of paintings, solvent diffusion and swelling of polymeric oil paint binding media are important factors to consider. Common cleaning methods with organic solvents or aqueous solutions could lead to undesirable physicochemical changes in the paint in the long term, though the extent of this effect is not yet clear. We used tailored nonporous model systems for aged oil paint to measure paint swelling and solvent diffusion for a wide range of relevant solvents. Using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the glass transition temperature of our model systems was found to be close to room temperature. Subsequently, with a custom sample cell and time-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, we were able to accurately track swelling and diffusion processes in the polymer films. To quantify the spectroscopic data, we developed a model that completely describes the solvent migration process, including significant film swelling and non-Fickian solvent diffusion. The relation between solvent properties, the diffusion coefficient, and the swelling capacity proved to be rather complex and could not be explained using a single solvent parameter. However, it was found that strongly swelling solvents generally diffuse faster than weakly swelling solvents and that pigmentation does not significantly influence solvent diffusion. These results contribute to a better understanding of transport phenomena in paintings and support the development of improved paint restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Baij
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen J. Hermans
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Keune
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet D. Iedema
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Baij L, Hermans JJ, Keune K, Iedema P. Time-Dependent ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Fatty Acid Diffusion and the Formation of Metal Soaps in Oil Paint Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Baij
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94720 1090GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration; P.O. Box 74888 1070DN Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joen J. Hermans
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94720 1090GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration; P.O. Box 74888 1070DN Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Keune
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94720 1090GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration; P.O. Box 74888 1070DN Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Piet Iedema
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94720 1090GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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8
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Baij L, Hermans JJ, Keune K, Iedema P. Time-Dependent ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Fatty Acid Diffusion and the Formation of Metal Soaps in Oil Paint Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7351-7354. [PMID: 29411920 PMCID: PMC6033171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of metal soaps (metal complexes of saturated fatty acids) is a serious problem affecting the appearance and structural integrity of many oil paintings. Tailored model systems for aged oil paint and time-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the diffusion of palmitic acid and subsequent metal soap crystallization. The simultaneous presence of free saturated fatty acids and polymer-bound metal carboxylates leads to rapid metal soap crystallization, following a complex mechanism that involves both acid and metal diffusion. Solvent flow, water, and pigments all enhance metal soap crystallization in the model systems. These results contribute to the development of paint cleaning strategies, a better understanding of oil paint degradation, and highlight the potential of time-dependent ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for studying dynamic processes in polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Baij
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070DN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen J Hermans
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070DN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Keune
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070DN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Iedema
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-017-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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Huang C, Wang C, Chen Q, Colby RH, Weiss RA. Reversible Gelation Model Predictions of the Linear Viscoelasticity of Oligomeric Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomer Blends. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Huang
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Quan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 China
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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11
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Datta P, Guha C, Sarkhel G. Study of mechanical, thermal, morphological, and process rheology of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA)/ Na +1poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomer blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Datta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Birla Institute of Technology; Mesra Ranchi India
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - Gautam Sarkhel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Birla Institute of Technology; Mesra Ranchi India
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12
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Wu CS, Liao HT. Polyethylene-octene elastomer/silica hybrids prepared by a sol-gel process using tetraethoxysiliane. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855503771816831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Walters RM, Taubert A, Kim JS, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Surface Segregation of Counterions in Ionomer Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801756g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russel M. Walters
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, and Polymer Science Department, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, and Polymer Science Department, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Seop Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, and Polymer Science Department, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, and Polymer Science Department, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, and Polymer Science Department, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Wakabayashi K, Register RA. Morphological Origin of the Multistep Relaxation Behavior in Semicrystalline Ethylene/Methacrylic Acid Ionomers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052081v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263
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15
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Wu CS. In situ polymerization of titanium isopropoxide in polycaprolactone: Properties and characterization of the hybrid nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Liao HT, Wu CS. Organic-inorganic polymeric nanocomposites involving novel titanium tetraisopropylate in polyethylene-octene elastomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Wu CS, Liao HT. Modification of polyethylene-octene elastomer by silica through a sol-gel process. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Wu CS, Liao HT. In situ polymerization of silicic acid in polyethylene-octene elastomer: Properties and characterization of the hybrid nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Tierney NK, Register RA. The Role of Excess Acid Groups in the Dynamics of Ethylene−Methacrylic Acid Ionomer Melts. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020396u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neena K. Tierney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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20
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Tierney NK, Register RA. Ion Hopping in Ethylene−Methacrylic Acid Ionomer Melts As Probed by Rheometry and Cation Diffusion Measurements. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neena K. Tierney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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21
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Siuzdak DA, Start PR, Mauritz KA. Surlyn�/silicate hybrid materials. I. Polymerin situ sol-gel process and structure characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20000923)77:13<2832::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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